HS Sample Set 9, Round 5 from NSB
In electrochemistry, what equation, named for the 1920 Nobel prize winner in chemistry, gives the redox potential of a galvanic cell as a function of temperature, the reaction quotient, and standard redox potential?
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What is the chemical formula for hypophosphorous [high-poh-fos-fohr-uhs] acid?
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The sun produces energy by what conversion of atomic nuclei? W) Hydrogen to helium X) Helium to hydrogen Y) Oxygen to carbon dioxide Z) Dioxide to oxygen
W: W) Hydrogen to helium
X: X) Helium to hydrogen
Y: Y) Oxygen to carbon dioxide
Z: Z) Dioxide to oxygen
Answer: W) W) Hydrogen to helium
Most sinkholes are caused when what type of sedimentary rock is dissolved?
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What process, first proposed by Peter Mitchell, is the movement of protons across a selectively permeable membrane that is coupled to ATP production in respiring animal and plant cells?
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What stage of aerobic cellular respiration is most closely associated with the mitochondrial matrix?
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You have three equivalent resistors with which to make a circuit. Which of the following combinations would have the least total resistance? W) All three resistors in series X) All three resistors in parallel Y) Two resistors in series to each other and in parallel with the third Z) Two resistors in parallel to each other and in series with the third
W: W) All three resistors in series
X: X) All three resistors in parallel
Y: Y) Two resistors in series to each other and in parallel with the third
Z: Z) Two resistors in parallel to each other and in series with the third
Answer: X) X) All three resistors in parallel
What is the length of a string, in meters, required to produce a fourth harmonic of 200 Hertz if the speed of waves in the string is known to be 400 meters per second and the string is fixed at both ends?
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Which of the following organelles is the location of post-translation modifications to proteins? W) Smooth ER X) Golgi body Y) Glyoxysome Z) Mitochondria
W: W) Smooth ER
X: X) Golgi body
Y: Y) Glyoxysome
Z: Z) Mitochondria
Answer: X) X) Golgi body
What is the process by which cells that have reached the end of their functional life span undergo programmed cell death?
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Express the repeating decimal 0.131313, with repeating part 13, as a fraction written in lowest terms.
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If you made a checkerboard with 23 squares on each side with black squares in every corner and alternating red and black along every row and column, how many red squares do you have on your checkerboard?
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What is the name of the process when a heated solid changes directly to gas without going through the liquid state?
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Identify all of the following three titrations that would be neutral at the equivalence point: 1) Hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide; 2) Hypochlorous acid with sodium hydroxide; 3) Hydrochloric acid with ammonia.
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To provide numerical values for standard potentials in electrochemistry, we must set the standard potential of a certain electrode to zero. What element has a reduction potential that is defined to be zero?
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Order the following three types of coal from least to greatest in terms of energy density: 1) Anthracite; 2) Lignite; 3) Bituminous.
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Which of the following is closest to the number of days of the world’s supply of precipitation that is stored as water vapor in the Earth’s atmosphere at any moment? W) 1 X) 7 Y) 28 Z) 365
W: W) 1
X: X) 7
Y: Y) 28
Z: Z) 365
Answer: X) X) 7
The earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun. If the amount of tilt were increased to 40°, what would be expected in middle latitudes? W) Hotter summers and colder winters than at present X) Cooler summers and milder winters than at present Y) Hotter summers and milder winters than at present Z) Cooler summers and colder winters than at present
W: W) Hotter summers and colder winters than at present
X: X) Cooler summers and milder winters than at present
Y: Y) Hotter summers and milder winters than at present
Z: Z) Cooler summers and colder winters than at present
Answer: W) W) Hotter summers and colder winters than at present
A family sits on an 8 meter long see-saw. The daughter, massing 20 kilograms, sits at the left end of the see-saw, and the father, massing 80 kilograms, sits at the middle of the right portion of the see-saw. Where must the mother, massing 60 kilograms, sit in order to make the see-saw in static equilibrium and level with the ground? W) 1 meter left of the pivot X) 1 meter right of the pivot Y) 4/3 meter left of the pivot Z) 4/3 meter right of the pivot
W: W) 1 meter left of the pivot
X: X) 1 meter right of the pivot
Y: Y) 4/3 meter left of the pivot
Z: Z) 4/3 meter right of the pivot
Answer: Y) Y) 4/3 meter left of the pivot
When ultrarelativistic charged particles are accelerated radially, such as those in the Crab nebula, what specific type of radiation is emitted?
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Which of the following correctly describes chromatin? W) Condensed DNA and associated proteins X) Just condensed DNA Y) DNA and associated carbohydrates Z) Loosely coiled DNA and associated proteins
W: W) Condensed DNA and associated proteins
X: X) Just condensed DNA
Y: Y) DNA and associated carbohydrates
Z: Z) Loosely coiled DNA and associated proteins
Answer: W) W) Condensed DNA and associated proteins
Thomas Hunt Morgan did his inheritance experimentation on red-eyed and white-eyed mutants of which organism?
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How many integers in the closed interval from 0 to 100 are the squares of perfect squares?
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If \(x/2 = y^2\) and \(x/4 = 4y\), what is the largest possible value of \(x\)?
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Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen with formula O\(_3\). What is both the hybridization and molecular geometry of the central oxygen atom in ozone?
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Identify all of the following three organic functional groups that, when substituted for a hydrogen on a benzene ring, would further activate that ring towards electrophilic substitution: 1) Amine; 2) Methyl; 3) Nitro.
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When this question was written, the world’s fastest computer was China’s Tianhe-2 that can perform \(3.4\times10^{16}\) computations per second. If it operates at 50% capacity and each calculation requires \(10^{-13}\) joules of energy, what is its operating power in watts and in scientific notation?
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What physical constant, equal to the ideal gas constant divided by Avogadro’s number, relates particle energy to temperature?
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Remnants of the energy released by the Big Bang are now distributed across the Universe as which of the following? W) X-rays X) Ultraviolet Y) Infrared Z) Microwaves
W: W) X-rays
X: X) Ultraviolet
Y: Y) Infrared
Z: Z) Microwaves
Answer: Z) Z) Microwaves
Under the Cascade Mountains, some upwelling magma has cooled below the surface, forming plutons. Which of the following is true of these plutons? W) They are older than the surrounding bedrock X) They are younger than the surrounding bedrock Y) They are ultra-mafic Z) They are fine-grained
W: W) They are older than the surrounding bedrock
X: X) They are younger than the surrounding bedrock
Y: Y) They are ultra-mafic
Z: Z) They are fine-grained
Answer: X) X) They are younger than the surrounding bedrock
When doing mass spectrometry, one will notice that atoms of the same element will have slightly different charge-to-mass ratios. Which of the following particles is responsible for this difference? W) Proton X) Electron Y) Neutron Z) Meson
W: W) Proton
X: X) Electron
Y: Y) Neutron
Z: Z) Meson
Answer: Y) Y) Neutron
In Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom, he could not understand why the positive charges in a dense nucleus would not repel each other. Which force was later found to be holding the nucleus together?
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding aquatic biomes? W) Much of the photosynthesis occurring in a coral reef is performed by corals X) Intertidal zones are characterized by high levels of oxygen and nutrients Y) Oceanic pelagic zones are the largest biome on Earth Z) Phytoplankton are the dominant photosynthesizers in pelagic zones
W: W) Much of the photosynthesis occurring in a coral reef is performed by corals
X: X) Intertidal zones are characterized by high levels of oxygen and nutrients
Y: Y) Oceanic pelagic zones are the largest biome on Earth
Z: Z) Phytoplankton are the dominant photosynthesizers in pelagic zones
Answer: W) W) Much of the photosynthesis occurring in a coral reef is performed by corals
Identify all of the following three hormones that are released by the posterior pituitary gland: 1) Oxytocin; 2) Calcitonin; 3) Luteinizing hormone.
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Determine the maximum of the function \[ f(x) = x^2 - 22 \] on the closed interval from -3 to 2.
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How many two digit positive integers have at least one 5 as a digit? W) 16 X) 17 Y) 18 Z) 19
W: W) 16
X: X) 17
Y: Y) 18
Z: Z) 19
Answer: Y) Y) 18
Identify all of the following three formula-name pairs that are correctly matched: 1) CuSO₄·5H₂O and blue vitriol; 2) MgSO₄ and Milk of Magnesia; 3) CaO and limestone.
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Given that the enthalpy of formation of liquid water is -290 kilojoules per mole, that of gaseous carbon dioxide is -390 kilojoules per mole, and that of gaseous methane is -75 kilojoules per mole, find the enthalpy of combustion of one mole of methane in kilojoules.
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What element is responsible for the destructive nature of CFCs to ozone molecules?
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According to the Saffir-Simpson scale, a hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 67 meters per second is considered to be what category? W) 2 X) 3 Y) 4 Z) 5
W: W) 2
X: X) 3
Y: Y) 4
Z: Z) 5
Answer: Y) Y) 4
What quantum mechanical principle states that no two identical fermions can possess the same quantum numbers simultaneously?
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What experiment, important in quantum mechanics, involved sending beams of particles through an inhomogeneous magnetic field and observing their deflections, the results of which showed that particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum that takes only certain quantized values?
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In the human heart, what chamber contains the SA node?
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What type of DNA sequence, an example of which is the TATA box, is required for transcription factor binding and the transcription of DNA to RNA?
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Assemblies coming from a plant are inspected for defects. Historical records indicate that 8% have defects in shafts, 6% have defects in bushings, and 2% have defects in both shafts and bushings. One of the assemblies is selected at random. What is the probability, in percentage form, that the assembly has a shaft or bushing defect?
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What is the greatest common divisor of 132 and 6432?
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