HS Sample Set 2, Round 15 from NSB
Which of the following is equivalent to \(\ln\bigl(\tfrac{1}{8}\bigr)\) [the natural log of one eighth]? W) \(3\ln 2\) X) \(-\ln 3\) Y) \(-3\ln 2\) Z) \(\log_{2}3\)
W: W) \(3\ln 2\)
X: X) \(-\ln 3\)
Y: Y) \(-3\ln 2\)
Z: Z) \(\log_{2}3\)
Answer: Y) Y) \(-3\ln 2\)
Providing your answer in simplest form, what is the volume generated by rotating the region bounded by \(y=x^2\) and \(y=x\) about the line \(x=2\)?
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What is the collective name for the pair of galaxies that are visible in the Earth’s southern hemisphere and are separated by 21 degrees in the sky?
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Currently, the least biased method of discovering planets is which of the following? W) Radial velocity measurements X) Gravitational microlensing Y) Transit surveys Z) Astrometry
W: W) Radial velocity measurements
X: X) Gravitational microlensing
Y: Y) Transit surveys
Z: Z) Astrometry
Answer: X) X) Gravitational microlensing
Which of the following structures would NOT produce a child with Down Syndrome if fertilized by a sperm containing 2 copies of chromosome 21? W) A haploid secondary oocyte with a normal complement of chromosomes X) A haploid polar body Y) A haploid secondary oocyte that undergoes meiosis II after the sperm penetrates the cell membrane Z) An oocyte that undergoes nondisjunction during meiosis II
W: W) A haploid secondary oocyte with a normal complement of chromosomes
X: X) A haploid polar body
Y: Y) A haploid secondary oocyte that undergoes meiosis II after the sperm penetrates the cell membrane
Z: Z) An oocyte that undergoes nondisjunction during meiosis II
Answer: X) X) A haploid polar body
Name all of the following four muscles that have origins or insertions on the human scapula: 1) Rhomboideus major; 2) Gracilis; 3) Subclavius; 4) Trapezius.
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The concept of inducing an EMF by rotating in a magnetic field is the fundamental physical effect needed for the function of which of the following devices? W) Ceiling fan X) Transformer Y) Electric dynamo Z) Electric motor
W: W) Ceiling fan
X: X) Transformer
Y: Y) Electric dynamo
Z: Z) Electric motor
Answer: Y) Y) Electric dynamo
A mass of 10 kilograms is rolling down an inclined plane. The plane has a height of 20 meters and a horizontal extent of 40 meters. What is the mechanical advantage of the inclined plane to the nearest tenth?
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Which of the following types of battery has the highest energy density? W) Lithium-ion X) Lead-acid Y) Nickel-cadmium Z) Metal hydride
W: W) Lithium-ion
X: X) Lead-acid
Y: Y) Nickel-cadmium
Z: Z) Metal hydride
Answer: W) W) Lithium-ion
By number, rank the following four electricity generating resources in terms of total fixed and variable cost of operation and maintenance per megawatt-hour from least to greatest: 1) Nuclear; 2) Hydropower; 3) Conventional coal; 4) Natural gas.
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During an electrochemistry lab, you carefully construct a voltaic cell with a lead cathode and magnesium anode. You fill the cell with potassium chloride solution but observe no voltage. Which of the following is the most likely cause? W) There are no anions in the solution that are able to be reduced by the cell X) There are no cations in the solution that are able to be reduced by the cell Y) The lead(III) cations produce a precipitate with chloride, so they do not reduce Z) The magnesium ions produce a precipitate with chloride, so they do not reduce
W: W) There are no anions in the solution that are able to be reduced by the cell
X: X) There are no cations in the solution that are able to be reduced by the cell
Y: Y) The lead(III) cations produce a precipitate with chloride, so they do not reduce
Z: Z) The magnesium ions produce a precipitate with chloride, so they do not reduce
Answer: X) X) There are no cations in the solution that are able to be reduced by the cell
Identify, respectively, the types of substance generated when using the following four industrial processes: 1) Bessemer process; 2) Deville process; 3) Ostwald process; 4) Mond process.
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What is the limit as \(x \to 0\) of \(\displaystyle \frac{\sin(3x)}{x}\)?
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Identify, in the context of regression analysis, all of the following three statements that are ALWAYS true: 1) When the data set includes an influential point, the data set is nonlinear; 2) Influential points reduce the coefficient of determination; 3) All outliers are influential data points.
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Cation exchange capacity (CEC) refers to the total number of cations a soil can hold. Which horizon typically has the lowest CEC? W) Dark colored sands X) Light colored sands Y) Light colored loams and silt loams Z) Organic soils
W: W) Dark colored sands
X: X) Light colored sands
Y: Y) Light colored loams and silt loams
Z: Z) Organic soils
Answer: X) X) Light colored sands
The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field is the deepest image of the universe ever taken. After examining it, scientists concluded all of the following, EXCEPT: W) Active galactic nuclei are less common at high redshifts X) Galaxies at high redshifts are smaller and less symmetric than low redshift galaxies Y) The luminosity function of high redshift galaxies is better constrained Z) Galaxies at high redshifts have higher star formation rates than galaxies at low redshifts
W: W) Active galactic nuclei are less common at high redshifts
X: X) Galaxies at high redshifts are smaller and less symmetric than low redshift galaxies
Y: Y) The luminosity function of high redshift galaxies is better constrained
Z: Z) Galaxies at high redshifts have higher star formation rates than galaxies at low redshifts
Answer: W) W) Active galactic nuclei are less common at high redshifts
After being shipwrecked you wash up on a remote beach and spot a Nene goose. Where are you? W) The Hawaiian Islands X) The Galapagos Islands Y) The San Juan Islands Z) The Seychelles Islands
W: W) The Hawaiian Islands
X: X) The Galapagos Islands
Y: Y) The San Juan Islands
Z: Z) The Seychelles Islands
Answer: W) W) The Hawaiian Islands
Plants that are classified as C₄ fix CO₂ into a four-carbon molecule. When CO₂ is added to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate, what enzyme catalyzes this reaction?
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A ball is thrown perfectly horizontally at 30 m/s from the top of an 80 m building. Neglecting air resistance and using \(g=10\text{ m/s}^2\), with what speed will it hit the ground?
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Two parallel identical conducting wires of radius 1 mm are spaced 1 m apart. Given \(\varepsilon_0=9\times10^{-12}\), if 10 V is applied, what is the force in N/m between the wires? W) \(3\times10^{-7}\) X) \(3\times10^{-9}\) Y) \(3\times10^{-11}\) Z) \(3\times10^{-13}\)
W: W) \(3\times10^{-7}\)
X: X) \(3\times10^{-9}\)
Y: Y) \(3\times10^{-11}\)
Z: Z) \(3\times10^{-13}\)
Answer: Y) Y) \(3\times10^{-11}\)
Which of the following species cannot act as an oxidizing agent on calcium metal in aqueous conditions? W) Iodide X) Permanganate Y) Nitrate Z) Bromine
W: W) Iodide
X: X) Permanganate
Y: Y) Nitrate
Z: Z) Bromine
Answer: W) W) Iodide
Molecular orbital theory predicts that NO has 8 valence electrons in bonding orbitals and 3 in antibonding orbitals. What bond order does this correspond to?
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Which is the only duck in North America that specializes in eating fish? W) Bufflehead X) Common Merganser Y) King Eider Z) Northern Shoveler
W: W) Bufflehead
X: X) Common Merganser
Y: Y) King Eider
Z: Z) Northern Shoveler
Answer: X) X) Common Merganser
What small cetacean has been declared functionally extinct within the past ten years?
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Pablo walks 4 mi north, 6 mi east, then 2 mi north. In simplest form, how many miles is he from his starting point?
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Evaluate \(\displaystyle \lim_{x\to\infty} x\bigl(-1 + e^{1/x}\bigr)\).
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What is the lifetime of M dwarfs on the main sequence? W) Less than 100 million years X) Between 100 million and 1 billion years Y) Between 1 billion and 10 billion years Z) Longer than a Hubble time
W: W) Less than 100 million years
X: X) Between 100 million and 1 billion years
Y: Y) Between 1 billion and 10 billion years
Z: Z) Longer than a Hubble time
Answer: Z) Z) Longer than a Hubble time
When orthoclase is green in color, which mineral name is it given? W) Amazonite X) Augite Y) Olivine Z) Malachite
W: W) Amazonite
X: X) Augite
Y: Y) Olivine
Z: Z) Malachite
Answer: W) W) Amazonite
What type of plant cells normally undergo apoptosis, providing structural support with their rigid cell walls?
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What is the name of the ion that acts as a second messenger, has low concentration in the cytoplasm, and high concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum?
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If a hydrogen nucleus resonates at 200 MHz in a 4.7 T field, at what frequency in MHz will it resonate in a 14.1 T field?
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A spacecraft in circular low-Earth orbit at 400 km altitude needs to transfer to a circular orbit at 120 000 km. Providing one significant figure, what is the delta-v required for the Hohmann transfer, if the initial velocity is about 7 500 m/s?
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Besides length, what is the primary characteristic that determines line losses in electricity transmission?
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Many battery chargers consume 5× the power of the battery itself even when not charging. Assuming this is true and the charger is plugged in constantly, what is the expected annual consumption in kWh of a charger for a 5 W battery, rounded to one significant figure?
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How many electrons in a ground-state vanadium atom have an angular-momentum quantum number \(l=2\)?
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What is the IUPAC name of the organic product formed from the hydroboration-oxidation of 1-hexyne?
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Which of the following represents the number of inches a rolling wheel of radius 4 inches travels on level ground in 6 revolutions? W) \(24\pi\) X) \(48\pi\) Y) \(96\pi\) Z) \(144\pi\)
W: W) \(24\pi\)
X: X) \(48\pi\)
Y: Y) \(96\pi\)
Z: Z) \(144\pi\)
Answer: X) X) \(48\pi\)
Expressing your answer in simplest form, find all values of \(x\) for which the determinant of \[ \begin{pmatrix} x-3 & 6\\ 1 & 2x+1 \end{pmatrix} \] is 3.
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Which water-quality parameter refers to the buffering capacity of water?
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By number, identify all of the following statements that are true when comparing basaltic rock to granitic rock: 1) Basaltic rock is composed of more magnesium and iron; 2) Basaltic rock is more common in continental crust; 3) Basaltic rock is more dense; 4) Basaltic rock forms from magma with lower viscosity and lower gas content.
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Face recognition is located in which lobe of the human cerebrum?
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When a G-protein coupled receptor binds its ligand, which of the following is the most direct outcome? W) The G protein binds the ligand-bound receptor X) The G protein releases GDP and binds GTP Y) The G protein hydrolyzes GTP into GDP and inorganic phosphate Z) Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP
W: W) The G protein binds the ligand-bound receptor
X: X) The G protein releases GDP and binds GTP
Y: Y) The G protein hydrolyzes GTP into GDP and inorganic phosphate
Z: Z) Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP
Answer: W) W) The G protein binds the ligand-bound receptor
Name the process by which the loss of an orbital electron results from an inelastic particle collision.
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A piston containing an ideal gas at 300 K and 2 bar expands isothermally from 3 m³ to 30 m³. How much work is done by the gas in megajoules, to the nearest tenth?
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Members of which of the following series, such as plutonium, are generally used in the nuclear energy field? W) C X) F Y) J Z) K
W: W) C
X: X) F
Y: Y) J
Z: Z) K
Answer: Z) Z) K
If a single 5 MW wind turbine generates 17 000 MWh annually, to the nearest 10%, what is its capacity factor?
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Which of the following plant growth hormones promotes stem and pollen tube elongation and vascular tissue differentiation? W) Auxins X) Brassinosteroids Y) Cytokinins Z) Gibberellins
W: W) Auxins
X: X) Brassinosteroids
Y: Y) Cytokinins
Z: Z) Gibberellins
Answer: X) X) Brassinosteroids
What is the genus of the Italian theropod fossil that exhibits rare fossilization of soft tissue?
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Which of the following is true of the Born–Oppenheimer approximation? W) Molecular vibrations do not significantly contribute to translational energy X) The exact position of the nucleus in a bond cannot be determined Y) Electronic and nuclear motion can be separated since nuclear motion is significantly slower than electron motion Z) Two nuclei that approach one another at a distance have no attractive or repulsive forces
W: W) Molecular vibrations do not significantly contribute to translational energy
X: X) The exact position of the nucleus in a bond cannot be determined
Y: Y) Electronic and nuclear motion can be separated since nuclear motion is significantly slower than electron motion
Z: Z) Two nuclei that approach one another at a distance have no attractive or repulsive forces
Answer: Y) Y) Electronic and nuclear motion can be separated since nuclear motion is significantly slower than electron motion
A current equivalent to 0.5 faradays is passed through a solution containing copper(II) sulfate. How much copper in grams can be plated out? W) 3.2 X) 16 Y) 32 Z) 64
W: W) 3.2
X: X) 16
Y: Y) 32
Z: Z) 64
Answer: X) X) 16