HS Sample Set 10, Round 3 from NSB
What is the greatest common factor of 18 and 142?
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Which of the following points does the line 2x – 3y = –12 NOT pass through? W) (–2, 8/3) X) (1, –14/3) Y) (3, 6) Z) (7, 26/3)
W: W) (–2, 8/3)
X: X) (1, –14/3)
Y: Y) (3, 6)
Z: Z) (7, 26/3)
Answer: X) X) (1, –14/3)
Which of the following countries was NOT a major petroleum exporter to the United States in 2015? W) Canada X) Saudi Arabia Y) Iran Z) Venezuela
W: W) Canada
X: X) Saudi Arabia
Y: Y) Iran
Z: Z) Venezuela
Answer: Y) Y) Iran
Sustainable biofuel in Brazil is mostly produced from what plant?
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If an acid is added to an unbuffered, neutral aqueous solution, which of the following is true? W) The hydroxide ion concentration increases X) The hydronium ion concentration decreases Y) The hydroxide ion concentration decreases Z) The concentrations of the hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations remain unchanged
W: W) The hydroxide ion concentration increases
X: X) The hydronium ion concentration decreases
Y: Y) The hydroxide ion concentration decreases
Z: Z) The concentrations of the hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations remain unchanged
Answer: Y) Y) The hydroxide ion concentration decreases
A student performs combustion analysis on a compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and possibly nitrogen—with molar mass 56 g/mol. One mole of the compound reacts with 3 moles of O₂ to generate 2 moles of CO₂, 1 mole of H₂O, and an unknown product. How many nitrogen atoms are in the chemical formula? W) Zero X) One Y) Two Z) Three
W: W) Zero
X: X) One
Y: Y) Two
Z: Z) Three
Answer: X) X) One
In millimeters, what must the focal length of the objective lens of a telescope be in order to produce a magnification of 300 when used with a 3-millimeter eye piece? W) 100 X) 300 Y) 900 Z) 1200
W: W) 100
X: X) 300
Y: Y) 900
Z: Z) 1200
Answer: Y) Y) 900
What technique uses Bragg’s law to identify and characterize crystal structures?
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How many chromosomes does a human gamete contain?
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Which of the following describes the relationship between glucose and fructose? W) Structural isomers X) Diastereomers Y) Epimers Z) Enantiomers
W: W) Structural isomers
X: X) Diastereomers
Y: Y) Epimers
Z: Z) Enantiomers
Answer: W) W) Structural isomers
What mass movement of ocean water is referred to as the ocean conveyer belt?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true of the Eagle Nebula: 1) It is an emission nebula 2) It has a diameter of about 1 million light years 3) It is part of the Kuiper belt
Choices:
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Which of the following electrophoresis methods is used to analyze RNA? W) Northern blot X) Southern blot Y) Eastern blot Z) Western blot
W: W) Northern blot
X: X) Southern blot
Y: Y) Eastern blot
Z: Z) Western blot
Answer: W) W) Northern blot
All of the following changes would result in an increase in blood pressure, except: W) Increased cardiac output X) Increased heart rate Y) Increased diameter of arterioles Z) Increased stroke volume
W: W) Increased cardiac output
X: X) Increased heart rate
Y: Y) Increased diameter of arterioles
Z: Z) Increased stroke volume
Answer: Y) Y) Increased diameter of arterioles
Crater Lake in Oregon occupies what type of volcanic feature?
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NASA’s QuickSCAT satellite mapped winds over all of Earth’s oceans. Which of the following is NOT true of this satellite? W) It bounced microwaves off the ocean surface X) It retrieved both wind direction and speed Y) Its orbit was geosynchronous Z) It was powered by solar arrays
W: W) It bounced microwaves off the ocean surface
X: X) It retrieved both wind direction and speed
Y: Y) Its orbit was geosynchronous
Z: Z) It was powered by solar arrays
Answer: Y) Y) Its orbit was geosynchronous
In large coal and nuclear power plants, the plant’s power rating is measured in either “megawatts e” or “megawatts t.” What does “t” stand for?
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Some nuclear fuels contain thorium which undergoes a neutron capture event followed by two beta minus decays. What element is produced at the end of these three processes?
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Which of the following circuit elements resists instantaneous changes in the voltage applied to it? W) Inductor X) Capacitor Y) Resistor Z) Transformer
W: W) Inductor
X: X) Capacitor
Y: Y) Resistor
Z: Z) Transformer
Answer: X) X) Capacitor
If a helicopter loses engine power at a sufficient height and speed, it is able to autorotate to the ground, extracting energy from the air and, sometimes, landing safely. In this case, gravitational potential energy is converted into what type of energy?
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What is the discriminant of the quadratic function $$y = x^2 - 4x + 10?$$
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What is the derivative evaluated at $$x = 7$$ of the fraction with numerator $$x^3 - 1$$ and denominator $$x - 1?$$
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At what temperature, in degrees Celsius, does the change in enthalpy for the oxidation of 1 mole of graphite under 1 atm of oxygen to generate carbon dioxide exactly equal the standard enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide?
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Identify all of the following three compounds that have sp² hybridized central atoms: 1) Nitrogen trichloride 2) Carbon dioxide 3) Hydrocyanic acid
Choices:
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A ball is thrown at a 30° angle with respect to the horizontal at a speed of 60 m/s. At what time, to the nearest whole second, does the ball reach the highest point in its trajectory?
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Given that it relates the energy of a photon to its frequency, what are the SI units of Planck’s constant? W) Joule seconds X) Watts Y) Newton meters Z) Watts per second
W: W) Joule seconds
X: X) Watts
Y: Y) Newton meters
Z: Z) Watts per second
Answer: W) W) Joule seconds
Many salts dissolve to a greater extent in hot water than cold water. Which of the following best explains this fact? W) Most salts dissolve endothermically X) Most salts dissolve exothermically Y) There are more collisions between salt ions and water molecules at a higher temperature Z) The ion-dipole forces between water molecules and salt ions increase with temperature
W: W) Most salts dissolve endothermically
X: X) Most salts dissolve exothermically
Y: Y) There are more collisions between salt ions and water molecules at a higher temperature
Z: Z) The ion-dipole forces between water molecules and salt ions increase with temperature
Answer: W) W) Most salts dissolve endothermically
A protein chemist isolates a new enzyme. Which of the following techniques, when performed alone, would be most useful for determining its size? W) NMR spectroscopy X) MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry Y) Elemental analysis Z) Gravimetric analysis
W: W) NMR spectroscopy
X: X) MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Y: Y) Elemental analysis
Z: Z) Gravimetric analysis
Answer: X) X) MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Which of the following is a sedimentary rock? W) Scoria X) Granite Y) Basalt Z) Shale
W: W) Scoria
X: X) Granite
Y: Y) Basalt
Z: Z) Shale
Answer: Z) Z) Shale
Identify all of the following three processes that remove nitrogen gas from Earth’s atmosphere: 1) Nitrogen fixation 2) Denitrification 3) Forest fires
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What one-carbon alcohol can be used directly as fuel in flex-fuel cars due to its high octane rating?
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Which of the following is the least geographically-restricted form of grid-scale energy storage? W) Pumped hydro X) Batteries Y) Compressed air Z) Hot water
W: W) Pumped hydro
X: X) Batteries
Y: Y) Compressed air
Z: Z) Hot water
Answer: X) X) Batteries
Topoisomerases are involved in which of the following processes? W) DNA transcription X) DNA replication Y) RNA translation Z) RNA processing
W: W) DNA transcription
X: X) DNA replication
Y: Y) RNA translation
Z: Z) RNA processing
Answer: X) X) DNA replication
What early developmental stage of an animal follows the morula stage and consists of a single, spherical layer of cells enclosing a hollow, central cavity?
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Evaluate the following expression: $$\log_3 27 + \log_5 25.$$
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What is the slope of the tangent line to the function $$F(x) = 1000 - 200x - 5x^2$$ at $$x = 4$$?
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What band of tall clouds and thunderstorms, also known among sailors as the doldrums, occurs at low latitudes between the Northern and Southern hemisphere trade winds?
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Jupiter appears brightest in which of the following configurations relative to the Earth? W) Conjunction X) Quasi conjunction Y) Quadrature Z) Opposition
W: W) Conjunction
X: X) Quasi conjunction
Y: Y) Quadrature
Z: Z) Opposition
Answer: Z) Z) Opposition
What is the value of $$\frac{60!}{59! \times 3!}\;?$$
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Identify all of the following three integer operations that are commutative: 1) Addition 2) Subtraction 3) Multiplication
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Which of the following hormones is a precursor of both estrogen and testosterone? W) Cortisol X) Ergosterol Y) Aldosterone Z) DHEA
W: W) Cortisol
X: X) Ergosterol
Y: Y) Aldosterone
Z: Z) DHEA
Answer: Z) Z) DHEA
Based on the formation of a phragmoplast, which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related? W) Cyanobacteria and ameobas X) Land plants and green algae Y) Red algae and brown algae Z) Land plants and cyanobacteria
W: W) Cyanobacteria and ameobas
X: X) Land plants and green algae
Y: Y) Red algae and brown algae
Z: Z) Land plants and cyanobacteria
Answer: X) X) Land plants and green algae
Carbon-10 has a half-life of approximately 19 seconds. Approximately how long, in seconds, will it take for a sample of carbon-10 to decay to one-sixteenth of its original size?
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Which of the following dictates that the maximum percentage of power that can be extracted from a p-n junction solar cell is 33.7%? W) Biot-Savart’s Law X) Ampere’s Law Y) Shockley-Queisser Limit Z) Betz’s Law
W: W) Biot-Savart’s Law
X: X) Ampere’s Law
Y: Y) Shockley-Queisser Limit
Z: Z) Betz’s Law
Answer: Y) Y) Shockley-Queisser Limit
An aqueous solution contains silver ions, barium ions, iron (III) ions, and nitrate ions. Upon addition of sodium chloride, which of the following will precipitate out of the solution first? W) Iron (III) chloride X) Barium chloride Y) Sodium nitrate Z) Silver chloride
W: W) Iron (III) chloride
X: X) Barium chloride
Y: Y) Sodium nitrate
Z: Z) Silver chloride
Answer: Z) Z) Silver chloride
Other than hydrogen and the noble elements, what non-noble element has the lowest energy valence orbitals?
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