HS Sample Set 7, Round 14 from NSB
Isotelus rex [i-SOH-te-luhs REKS] was discovered in 1998 and is the largest found fossil of what organism? W) Dinosaur X) Whale Y) Fish Z) Trilobite
W: W) Dinosaur
X: X) Whale
Y: Y) Fish
Z: Z) Trilobite
Answer: Z) Z) Trilobite
Assuming there is no divergence or convergence and the column of air cannot stretch or contract, as we follow the air at a constant speed and a constant 500 millibar level, it begins to flow southeastward, where the value of Earth’s vorticity decreases. The conservation of what factor then causes the air to head northeastward?
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Which of the following fish is endemic to the island of Cozumel? W) Splendid toadfish X) Coelacanth Y) Mola mola Z) Orange roughy
W: W) Splendid toadfish
X: X) Coelacanth
Y: Y) Mola mola
Z: Z) Orange roughy
Answer: W) W) Splendid toadfish
Arrange proximally to distally the following four components of a bird’s contour feather: 1) superior umbilicus; 2) rachis; 3) calamus; 4) inferior umbilicus.
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Given $$g(x) = 5 + \frac{x^2}{\sin(x^2)},$$ find $$\displaystyle \lim_{x\to 0} g(x).$$
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What is $$\frac{dy}{dx}$$ for the curve $$x^2 + y^2 = 2$$ at the point (1, 1)? W) -1 X) -1/2 Y) 0 Z) 3/2
W: W) -1
X: X) -1/2
Y: Y) 0
Z: Z) 3/2
Answer: W) W) -1
Judged to be an intervention that delivers high impact per development dollar, improved cooking stoves aim to reduce greenhouse gas contribution by reducing the amount of what substance? W) Carbon dioxide X) Black carbon Y) Methane Z) Nitrous oxide
W: W) Carbon dioxide
X: X) Black carbon
Y: Y) Methane
Z: Z) Nitrous oxide
Answer: X) X) Black carbon
Which of the following is NOT a common use for flue gas desulfurization products? W) Raw material for drywall X) Raw material for plywood Y) Fill for structural applications Z) Feed stock in cement production
W: W) Raw material for drywall
X: X) Raw material for plywood
Y: Y) Fill for structural applications
Z: Z) Feed stock in cement production
Answer: X) X) Raw material for plywood
What simple system is used to describe molecular vibrations in quantum mechanics?
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In free-radical polymerization, there are two possible termination steps. One is combination of free radicals. What is the other?
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Which of the following quark compositions does NOT have a total strangeness quantum number of zero? W) Up, down X) Up, strange Y) Strange, anti-strange Z) Down, down
W: W) Up, down
X: X) Up, strange
Y: Y) Strange, anti-strange
Z: Z) Down, down
Answer: X) X) Up, strange
A concave spherical mirror has a radius of 200 centimeters. What object distance in centimeters from this mirror is needed to form a real image that is one fourth of the size of the object? W) 100 X) 125 Y) 250 Z) 500
W: W) 100
X: X) 125
Y: Y) 250
Z: Z) 500
Answer: Z) Z) 500
Which of the following organisms were NOT extinct by the end of the Cretaceous period? W) Ichthyosaurs X) Cycliophora Y) Quetzalcoatlus Z) Plesiosaurs
W: W) Ichthyosaurs
X: X) Cycliophora
Y: Y) Quetzalcoatlus
Z: Z) Plesiosaurs
Answer: X) X) Cycliophora
The orbit of an asteroid in our solar system has a semi-major axis of 4 AU. To the nearest integer, and in years, what is its period?
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The following are examples of proteins that are not functional because of some problem. In which of the following examples does the problem result from damage primarily to the secondary structure of the protein? W) The protein has been exposed to urea, which has disrupted its hydrogen bonds X) A mutation is at the active site of a protein and the protein has lost catalytic activity Y) A mutation is at the dimer interface of a protein and prevents its dimerization Z) A protein has been exposed to an oily chemical that disrupts its hydrophobic core
W: W) The protein has been exposed to urea, which has disrupted its hydrogen bonds
X: X) A mutation is at the active site of a protein and the protein has lost catalytic activity
Y: Y) A mutation is at the dimer interface of a protein and prevents its dimerization
Z: Z) A protein has been exposed to an oily chemical that disrupts its hydrophobic core
Answer: W) W) The protein has been exposed to urea, which has disrupted its hydrogen bonds
Arrange the following six layers found in a one-year old woody sapling from most lateral to most medial: 1) Cortex; 2) Phloem fibers; 3) Pith; 4) Secondary phloem; 5) Periderm; 6) Secondary xylem.
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What is the principal value in radians for $$\arccos\!\bigl(-\tfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\bigr)$$? W) $-\tfrac{\pi}{6}$ X) $-\tfrac{\pi}{3}$ Y) $\tfrac{5\pi}{6}$ Z) $\tfrac{11\pi}{6}$
W: W) $-\tfrac{\pi}{6}$
X: X) $-\tfrac{\pi}{3}$
Y: Y) $\tfrac{5\pi}{6}$
Z: Z) $\tfrac{11\pi}{6}$
Answer: Y) Y) $\tfrac{5\pi}{6}$
Find $$\tan\bigl(\arccos(2x)\bigr)$$ in terms of \(x\).
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Roughly what percentage of the energy density of the universe is dark energy? W) 13% X) 35% Y) 72% Z) 99%
W: W) 13%
X: X) 35%
Y: Y) 72%
Z: Z) 99%
Answer: Y) Y) 72%
Which of the following does NOT help explain why the theoretical yield of cellular respiration is never actually achieved? W) Pyruvate must be actively transported out of the mitochondria X) Phosphate is actively transported into the mitochondria Y) ADP and ATP are actively exchanged across the inner mitochondrial membrane Z) The inner mitochondrial membrane leaks protons
W: W) Pyruvate must be actively transported out of the mitochondria
X: X) Phosphate is actively transported into the mitochondria
Y: Y) ADP and ATP are actively exchanged across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Z: Z) The inner mitochondrial membrane leaks protons
Answer: W) W) Pyruvate must be actively transported out of the mitochondria
What is the relationship of the organic compounds diethyl ether, n-butyl alcohol, and methyl propyl ether?
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Which of the following types of electrodes can cause problems because it is time-sensitive and its measurements result in a cumulative response? W) Enzyme X) Gas sensing Y) Solid state Z) Liquid membrane
W: W) Enzyme
X: X) Gas sensing
Y: Y) Solid state
Z: Z) Liquid membrane
Answer: W) W) Enzyme
A body with a 2 kilogram mass has position vector $$\mathbf{r}(t) = 3\,\mathbf{i} + 2t^2\,\mathbf{j}\,\text{meters}.$$ What is the velocity at \(t = 1\) second? W) \(\mathbf{1j}\) X) \(\mathbf{4j}\) Y) \(3\mathbf{i} + 4\mathbf{j}\) Z) \(1\mathbf{i} + 1\mathbf{j}\)
W: W) \(\mathbf{1j}\)
X: X) \(\mathbf{4j}\)
Y: Y) \(3\mathbf{i} + 4\mathbf{j}\)
Z: Z) \(1\mathbf{i} + 1\mathbf{j}\)
Answer: X) X) \(\mathbf{4j}\)
Two objects with masses \(m_1\) and \(m_2\) are hanging vertically by different springs of spring constants \(k_1\) and \(k_2\). If \(m_1 = 3m_2\) and \(k_1=2k_2\), what is the ratio \(x_1/x_2\) of their stretches? W) 2/3 X) 3/2 Y) 4 Z) 6
W: W) 2/3
X: X) 3/2
Y: Y) 4
Z: Z) 6
Answer: X) X) 3/2
Where do the strongest winds in Antarctica, which can reach 200 miles per hour, originate? W) Antarctic east coast X) Antarctic polar plateau Y) Antarctic circumpolar wave Z) Weddell Sea
W: W) Antarctic east coast
X: X) Antarctic polar plateau
Y: Y) Antarctic circumpolar wave
Z: Z) Weddell Sea
Answer: X) X) Antarctic polar plateau
By number, put the following four Earth events in chronological order from earliest to most recent: 1) first evidence of ice at the poles; 2) opening of the Red Sea; 3) separation of Australia and Antarctica post-Pangaea; 4) collision of India with Asia.
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In muscle cells, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle that permits the muscle cell to contract. It acts to store a particular chemical until it is electrically excited. What chemical is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
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Which of the following microscopy methods would be most appropriate for observing the distribution of GFP in a cell? W) Simple light microscope X) Atomic force microscope Y) Fluorescence light microscope Z) Transmission electron microscope
W: W) Simple light microscope
X: X) Atomic force microscope
Y: Y) Fluorescence light microscope
Z: Z) Transmission electron microscope
Answer: Y) Y) Fluorescence light microscope
Which of the following molecules has a permanent dipole moment? W) Carbon dioxide X) Methane Y) Hydrogen sulfide Z) Molecular nitrogen
W: W) Carbon dioxide
X: X) Methane
Y: Y) Hydrogen sulfide
Z: Z) Molecular nitrogen
Answer: Y) Y) Hydrogen sulfide
List the five halogens in order of increasing first ionization energy.
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Correct Order:
Solve for \(x\): $$14 - \sqrt{3 - x} = 9.$$
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A circle of radius 2 is centered at the point (2, 3). What is the slope of the line tangent to the circle at the point where \(x = 3\) and \(y > 3\)?
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What is the change in the parent atom’s atomic number upon alpha particle emission? W) It decreases by 2 X) It decreases by 1 Y) It increases by 1 Z) It increases by 2
W: W) It decreases by 2
X: X) It decreases by 1
Y: Y) It increases by 1
Z: Z) It increases by 2
Answer: W) W) It decreases by 2
Providing your answer in proper point group abbreviation, to what point group does the molecule 1,2-difluoroethane belong?
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If the tension in a stretched string is multiplied by a factor of 9, the speed of the transverse wave is multiplied by what factor? W) 1/9 X) 1/3 Y) 3 Z) 9
W: W) 1/9
X: X) 1/3
Y: Y) 3
Z: Z) 9
Answer: Y) Y) 3
Assuming the Boltzmann constant \(k = 1.38 \times 10^{-23}\,\mathrm{J/K}\), what is the average translational kinetic energy in joules of molecules of an ideal gas at \(127\,^\circ\mathrm{C}\)? W) \(2.6 \times 10^{-21}\) X) \(8.28 \times 10^{-21}\) Y) \(2.6 \times 10^{-22}\) Z) \(8.28 \times 10^{-22}\)
W: W) \(2.6 \times 10^{-21}\)
X: X) \(8.28 \times 10^{-21}\)
Y: Y) \(2.6 \times 10^{-22}\)
Z: Z) \(8.28 \times 10^{-22}\)
Answer: X) X) \(8.28 \times 10^{-21}\)
When two pyrimidine bases are adjacent on a DNA strand, exposure to UV light will commonly lead to formation of a cyclobutane ring between them, resulting in a bulky lesion in the DNA. Which of the following is an example of this lesion formed by UV exposure of neighboring pyrimidines? W) Transversion X) Cytosine deamination Y) Thymine dimer Z) Intercalation
W: W) Transversion
X: X) Cytosine deamination
Y: Y) Thymine dimer
Z: Z) Intercalation
Answer: Y) Y) Thymine dimer
Which of the following statements is true regarding the mechanism of infection in prion diseases? W) Prions invade the cell nucleus, altering DNA transcription processes X) Prions induce abnormal folding in normal protein molecules Y) Prions bind to specific sites on a ribosome, rendering them useless Z) Prions bind to mRNA, leaving the nucleus, inducing post-transcriptional changes before translation
W: W) Prions invade the cell nucleus, altering DNA transcription processes
X: X) Prions induce abnormal folding in normal protein molecules
Y: Y) Prions bind to specific sites on a ribosome, rendering them useless
Z: Z) Prions bind to mRNA, leaving the nucleus, inducing post-transcriptional changes before translation
Answer: X) X) Prions induce abnormal folding in normal protein molecules
Which of the following features forms because parts of a glacier move at varying speeds and in different directions? W) Moraines X) Moulan Y) Crevasses Z) Arêtes
W: W) Moraines
X: X) Moulan
Y: Y) Crevasses
Z: Z) Arêtes
Answer: Y) Y) Crevasses
Order the following four steps that are theorized to have occurred in the formation of our atmosphere: 1) plants evolve and oxygen increases dramatically; 2) the atmosphere gradually becomes rich in nitrogen; 3) outgassing leads to abundant water vapor; 4) photodissociation increases oxygen gradually.
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What is the scalar product of the vectors \(2\mathbf{i} - 3\mathbf{j} + 2\mathbf{k}\) and \(\mathbf{i} + 2\mathbf{j} + 2\mathbf{k}\)?
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What are the equations of all asymptotes—vertical, horizontal, or oblique—for the graph of the function $$f(x) = \frac{x^2 - 3x}{x - 1}\,?$$
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When dealing with a tank of 150 pounds of water on a platform, it is most energy intensive to do which of the following? W) Lift the 150 pounds of water 2 feet in the air X) Lower the 150 pounds of water by 2 feet Y) Decrease the temperature of the water by 2° Fahrenheit Z) Increase the temperature of the water by 1° Fahrenheit
W: W) Lift the 150 pounds of water 2 feet in the air
X: X) Lower the 150 pounds of water by 2 feet
Y: Y) Decrease the temperature of the water by 2° Fahrenheit
Z: Z) Increase the temperature of the water by 1° Fahrenheit
Answer: Y) Y) Decrease the temperature of the water by 2° Fahrenheit
What process accounts for most of the Earth’s geothermal energy?
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Which of the following is NOT a point mutation? W) Missense X) Transversion Y) Inversion Z) Transition
W: W) Missense
X: X) Transversion
Y: Y) Inversion
Z: Z) Transition
Answer: Y) Y) Inversion
The cotyledon is which of the following? W) Primary embryonic leaf X) Primary embryonic petal Y) Secondary embryonic leaf Z) Secondary embryonic petal
W: W) Primary embryonic leaf
X: X) Primary embryonic petal
Y: Y) Secondary embryonic leaf
Z: Z) Secondary embryonic petal
Answer: W) W) Primary embryonic leaf
Who was the inventor of the first electrochemical cell? W) Michael Faraday X) Alessandro Volta Y) James Maxwell Z) Benjamin Franklin
W: W) Michael Faraday
X: X) Alessandro Volta
Y: Y) James Maxwell
Z: Z) Benjamin Franklin
Answer: X) X) Alessandro Volta
A plastic undergoes deformation at \(740\,^\circ\mathrm{C}\). Given that its original cross-sectional area is \(70\,\mathrm{cm}^2\), its cross-sectional area after deformation is \(62\,\mathrm{cm}^2\), and its yield strength is \(300\,\mathrm{MPa}\), determine the percent cold work to the nearest whole number.
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What physical unit is the product of velocity, magnetic field, and length? W) Volt X) Newton meter per ampere second squared Y) Joule per second squared Z) Newton per ampere
W: W) Volt
X: X) Newton meter per ampere second squared
Y: Y) Joule per second squared
Z: Z) Newton per ampere
Answer: W) W) Volt
A 1 meter long wire lying along the x-axis carries a current of 10.0 amperes in the negative x direction. The wire is in a uniform magnetic field \(1.0 \times 10^{-3}\,\mathrm{T}\). Expressing your answer in scientific notation with one significant figure, what is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire in newtons?
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