HS Sample Set 8, Round 10 from NSB
Rank the following three acids from strongest to weakest: iodous acid; bromic acid; bromous acid.
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Like many thermodynamic quantities, the critical temperature of a substance is strongly dependent on the intermolecular forces present. Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point? W) N₂ X) H₂S Y) CO₂ Z) CH₄
W: W) N₂
X: X) H₂S
Y: Y) CO₂
Z: Z) CH₄
Answer: X) X) H₂S
What is the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic mean and the positive geometric mean of the numbers 1 and 25?
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In a collection of red, blue, and green marbles, there are 25% more red marbles than blue marbles, and there are 60% more green marbles than red marbles. If there are 50 red marbles, what is the total number of marbles in the collection?
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A stone is dropped out of a horizontally moving train. Which of the following is the shape of the path that the stone follows before hitting the ground? W) Straight line X) Circular Y) Hyperbolic Z) Parabolic
W: W) Straight line
X: X) Circular
Y: Y) Hyperbolic
Z: Z) Parabolic
Answer: Z) Z) Parabolic
If in a given DC circuit we double the voltage and halve the resistance, by what factor will the power be multiplied?
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Which of the following metamorphic products forms from impact metamorphism? W) Stishovite X) Eclogite Y) Zeolite Z) Phyllite
W: W) Stishovite
X: X) Eclogite
Y: Y) Zeolite
Z: Z) Phyllite
Answer: W) W) Stishovite
You find a white or clear mineral in massive form. What characteristic will diagnostically distinguish whether that mineral is calcite, quartz, or halite?
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Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point? W) Capric X) Stearic Y) Palmitic Z) Lauric
W: W) Capric
X: X) Stearic
Y: Y) Palmitic
Z: Z) Lauric
Answer: X) X) Stearic
An unknown gas effuses through a tiny hole at a rate half that of methane. The molar mass of methane is 16 grams per mole. What is the molar mass of the unknown gas in grams per mole to the nearest whole number?
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What is the defining functional structure of the kidney?
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Which of the following techniques would you use to determine the 3-D structure of a protein? W) Mass spectrophotometry X) Nuclear magnetic resonance Y) X-ray crystallography Z) Atomic absorption spectroscopy
W: W) Mass spectrophotometry
X: X) Nuclear magnetic resonance
Y: Y) X-ray crystallography
Z: Z) Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Answer: Y) Y) X-ray crystallography
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding solar cookers? W) Solar cookers that contain parabolic reflectors can cause fires X) Their use is limited by the weather Y) They do not reach high enough temperatures to sterilize water Z) They use no fuel
W: W) Solar cookers that contain parabolic reflectors can cause fires
X: X) Their use is limited by the weather
Y: Y) They do not reach high enough temperatures to sterilize water
Z: Z) They use no fuel
Answer: Y) Y) They do not reach high enough temperatures to sterilize water
Rank in descending order the coercive force typical for the following three materials: 1) pure iron; 2) rare earth magnet; 3) hard steel.
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During which two months is the apparent motion of the Sun in the sky greatest?
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Which of the following environments would form foliated metamorphic rock? W) At a passive margin X) In a continental craton Y) At the surface of an active volcano Z) In the accretionary wedge above a subducting plate
W: W) At a passive margin
X: X) In a continental craton
Y: Y) At the surface of an active volcano
Z: Z) In the accretionary wedge above a subducting plate
Answer: Z) Z) In the accretionary wedge above a subducting plate
Set S contains all positive integers that are the differences of squares of consecutive prime numbers. What is the smallest element of S that is greater than or equal to 10?
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If the line y = ½ x + 5 is rotated 270 degrees clockwise around its x-intercept, what is the equation of its image?
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Which of the following is NOT true when comparing the 4 steps of aerobic respiration to the 2 steps of anaerobic respiration? W) Both utilize compounds other than glucose, such as lipids, for energy X) Both recycle NADH to NAD⁺ Y) Both have steps occurring in the cytoplasm Z) Only one produces pyruvate
W: W) Both utilize compounds other than glucose, such as lipids, for energy
X: X) Both recycle NADH to NAD⁺
Y: Y) Both have steps occurring in the cytoplasm
Z: Z) Only one produces pyruvate
Answer: Z) Z) Only one produces pyruvate
Identify all of the following four choices that would NOT be visible under a standard laboratory light microscope when visualizing a plant cell: 1) nucleus; 2) mRNA; 3) cell wall; 4) chloroplast.
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The most accurate Lewis structure of phosphoric acid had one hydrogen atom bonded directly to the central phosphorus atom and two bonded to oxygen atoms. Given this information, which of the following terms best describes how phosphoric acid actually behaves in water? W) Monoprotic X) Diprotic Y) Triprotic Z) Amphiprotic
W: W) Monoprotic
X: X) Diprotic
Y: Y) Triprotic
Z: Z) Amphiprotic
Answer: X) X) Diprotic
Identify all of the following compounds that will dissolve in water in an endothermic fashion: 1) ammonium nitrate; 2) sodium hydroxide; 3) sulfuric acid.
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What is the magnitude of the force, in newtons, experienced by a 1 coulomb charge travelling 10 meters per second at a 30-degree angle with respect to a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.1 tesla? W) 0.5 X) 1 Y) 10 Z) 100
W: W) 0.5
X: X) 1
Y: Y) 10
Z: Z) 100
Answer: W) W) 0.5
Indicate, by number, all of the following three statements that explain why the actual acceleration due to gravity at any point on the Earth’s surface would be different from the value calculated for that point using Newton’s law of gravitation: 1) The earth’s mass is not uniformly distributed; 2) The earth is not perfectly spherical; 3) The earth is rotating.
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What kind of tectonic setting created the Ural Mountains?
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Why does shale split along planes? W) Compression during burial aligns mineral grains in planes X) Shale is composed of equidimensional grains Y) Shale contains large mineral grains Z) Ionic bonds between the planes are weaker than covalent bonds within the planes
W: W) Compression during burial aligns mineral grains in planes
X: X) Shale is composed of equidimensional grains
Y: Y) Shale contains large mineral grains
Z: Z) Ionic bonds between the planes are weaker than covalent bonds within the planes
Answer: W) W) Compression during burial aligns mineral grains in planes
In photosynthesis, where do electrons derived from water first enter the process? W) Photosystem II reaction center X) Photosystem I reaction center Y) Both light-harvesting complexes Z) P700 chlorophylls
W: W) Photosystem II reaction center
X: X) Photosystem I reaction center
Y: Y) Both light-harvesting complexes
Z: Z) P700 chlorophylls
Answer: W) W) Photosystem II reaction center
What location in a seed is equivalent to the embryonic leaf? W) Radicle X) Cotyledon Y) Hypocotyl Z) Epicotyl
W: W) Radicle
X: X) Cotyledon
Y: Y) Hypocotyl
Z: Z) Epicotyl
Answer: X) X) Cotyledon
Which of the following instruments would most likely be used in a lab to measure the concentration of a species in aqueous solutions? W) Infrared spectrometer X) Mass spectrometer Y) Spectrophotometer Z) Buchner funnel
W: W) Infrared spectrometer
X: X) Mass spectrometer
Y: Y) Spectrophotometer
Z: Z) Buchner funnel
Answer: Y) Y) Spectrophotometer
In a standard cell, a zinc electrode placed in a 1 M Zn²⁺ solution is connected to a nickel electrode placed in a 1 M Ni²⁺ solution. The standard reduction potential of Zn²⁺ is –0.76 V. If the standard electromotive force of this cell is +0.48 V, what is the standard reduction potential of Ni²⁺?
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Converting a power generating plant from coal to natural gas will reduce sulfur emissions by approximately which of the following percentages? W) 20% X) 50% Y) 70% Z) 90%
W: W) 20%
X: X) 50%
Y: Y) 70%
Z: Z) 90%
Answer: X) X) 50%
Identify all of the following four compounds that can be metabolized by humans to produce ATP: 1) maltose; 2) cellobiose; 3) glutamine; 4) palmitate.
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The value of \(a^2 - 2b^2 + c^2\), where \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\) are consecutive odd integers in increasing order, is a constant. What is it?
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What is the largest prime factor of the quantity \(5^{2014} + 5^{2015} + 5^{2016}\)?
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In the spring of 2013 a group of researchers from the University of Alberta were able to revive an organism that had been trapped in glacial ice for approximately 400 years. What was the organism? W) An insect X) An ameba Y) A bryophyte Z) A tardigrade
W: W) An insect
X: X) An ameba
Y: Y) A bryophyte
Z: Z) A tardigrade
Answer: Y) Y) A bryophyte
Chemoautotrophs produce energy by oxidizing inorganic substances in their surroundings. Name all of the domains that include organisms with chemoautotrophic metabolisms.
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What type of radiation, also known as braking radiation, is emitted whenever a charged particle is deflected by another charged particle?
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Which of the following was the cause of the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows suspension bridge in 1940? W) Aeroelastic flutter causing standing wave oscillations X) Too much weight passing over the center of the bridge Y) Bolt snapping due to mechanical resonance caused by marching soldiers Z) Iron beams cracking and failing
W: W) Aeroelastic flutter causing standing wave oscillations
X: X) Too much weight passing over the center of the bridge
Y: Y) Bolt snapping due to mechanical resonance caused by marching soldiers
Z: Z) Iron beams cracking and failing
Answer: W) W) Aeroelastic flutter causing standing wave oscillations
Often, investors in energy projects will use a discount rate to evaluate the net present value of future energy sales. If analysts decided to change the discount rate of a wind project from 3% to 7%, how would the net present value of future energy from the project change given constant supply and market costs? W) Decrease X) Increase Y) Stay the same Z) Depends on consumption
W: W) Decrease
X: X) Increase
Y: Y) Stay the same
Z: Z) Depends on consumption
Answer: W) W) Decrease
In the uranium fuel cycle, yellowcake uranium is converted into what gas, which is then shipped to a gaseous diffusion plant for enrichment?
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If the equation \(x^2 - 2Kx + 9 = 0\) has two equal roots, which of the following is a possible value of \(K\)? W) –3 X) –1 Y) 2 Z) 4
W: W) –3
X: X) –1
Y: Y) 2
Z: Z) 4
Answer: W) W) –3
Consider the number 144 written in base \(x\), where \(x\) is a positive integer. Indicate all of the following three values for \(x\) where 144 (base \(x\)) is a perfect square: 5, 8, 12.
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Which of the following pairs does NOT correctly match the raw material and feedstock with its primary petrochemical? W) Natural gas with methanol X) Ethane with ethylene Y) Propane with cyclopropane Z) Naphtha with benzene
W: W) Natural gas with methanol
X: X) Ethane with ethylene
Y: Y) Propane with cyclopropane
Z: Z) Naphtha with benzene
Answer: Y) Y) Propane with cyclopropane
An ideal gas is confined to an airtight piston that allows the gas to expand and contract but prevents gas from entering or exiting the piston. Initially, the temperature of the gas is 300 K, and the gas occupies a volume of 10 L when an external pressure of 1 atm is applied. The gas is then heated to 600 K, and the pressure is increased to 5 atm. To one significant figure, what is the new volume of the gas in liters?
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A decrease in which of the following would NOT result in a decrease in blood pressure? W) Heart rate X) Diameter of arterioles Y) Cardiac output Z) Stroke volume
W: W) Heart rate
X: X) Diameter of arterioles
Y: Y) Cardiac output
Z: Z) Stroke volume
Answer: X) X) Diameter of arterioles
Which of the following is true regarding the major difference between cellulose and glycogen? W) Cellulose is a polymer of galactose, while glycogen is a polymer of glucose X) Cellulose is mostly found in animal cells, while glycogen is mostly found in plant cells Y) Cellulose consists of beta glycosidic linkages, while glycogen consists of alpha glycosidic linkages Z) Cellulose is highly branched, while glycogen is linear
W: W) Cellulose is a polymer of galactose, while glycogen is a polymer of glucose
X: X) Cellulose is mostly found in animal cells, while glycogen is mostly found in plant cells
Y: Y) Cellulose consists of beta glycosidic linkages, while glycogen consists of alpha glycosidic linkages
Z: Z) Cellulose is highly branched, while glycogen is linear
Answer: Y) Y) Cellulose consists of beta glycosidic linkages, while glycogen consists of alpha glycosidic linkages