HS Sample Set 7, Round 4 from NSB
Mammals first evolved during what geologic period? W) Permian X) Triassic Y) Cretaceous Z) Paleocene
W: W) Permian
X: X) Triassic
Y: Y) Cretaceous
Z: Z) Paleocene
Answer: X) X) Triassic
What is the series used in igneous petrology that explains why certain types of minerals tend to be found together while others are almost never associated with one another?
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In DNA replication, which of the following molecules is synthesized in the same direction that the replication fork is moving? W) Leading strand X) Okazaki fragment Y) Primer Z) Lagging strand
W: W) Leading strand
X: X) Okazaki fragment
Y: Y) Primer
Z: Z) Lagging strand
Answer: W) W) Leading strand
Which of the following best describes the type of RNA that codes for a complete gene on the sense strand of a DNA molecule? W) Ribosomal RNA X) Mitochondrial RNA Y) Pre-messenger RNA Z) Transfer RNA
W: W) Ribosomal RNA
X: X) Mitochondrial RNA
Y: Y) Pre-messenger RNA
Z: Z) Transfer RNA
Answer: Y) Y) Pre-messenger RNA
The average of a and b is x. The average of b and x equals the average of a and (b + 1). Find a – b.
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What is the reciprocal of the complex number 2 + i?
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The majority of moth species forage for food energy during what stage of their life cycle? W) Egg X) Larva Y) Pupa Z) Adult
W: W) Egg
X: X) Larva
Y: Y) Pupa
Z: Z) Adult
Answer: X) X) Larva
The electrical resistance of a semiconducting wire is least likely to be reduced by a decrease in which two of the following four wire characteristics?
Choices:
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With regard to the Rosenmund reduction, which of the following functional group pairs corresponds to the reactant and product, respectively? W) Ester and alcohol X) Acyl chloride and aldehyde Y) Amide and amine Z) Ketone and alkane
W: W) Ester and alcohol
X: X) Acyl chloride and aldehyde
Y: Y) Amide and amine
Z: Z) Ketone and alkane
Answer: X) X) Acyl chloride and aldehyde
In the industrially important water-gas shift reaction, carbon monoxide and water vapor react to form carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas as products. If the system is closed and the reaction has reached equilibrium, how would the equilibrium shift if the volume is decreased?
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A human eye has three layers with refractive indices n₁, n₂, and n₃, where n₁ < n₂ and n₁ = n₃. Which of the following properties of a light ray is the same in all layers? W) Frequency only X) Speed only Y) Wavelength only Z) Frequency and speed
W: W) Frequency only
X: X) Speed only
Y: Y) Wavelength only
Z: Z) Frequency and speed
Answer: W) W) Frequency only
A door of area 3 m² and thickness 4 cm is composed of a material whose thermal conductivity is 0.10 W/(m·K). What is the heat flow, in watts, through the door when the temperature difference is 10 K?
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Which of the following volcanoes form in ocean-continent and ocean-ocean convergent plate boundaries? W) Shield X) Stratovolcanoes Y) Hot spot volcanoes Z) Basaltic volcanoes
W: W) Shield
X: X) Stratovolcanoes
Y: Y) Hot spot volcanoes
Z: Z) Basaltic volcanoes
Answer: X) X) Stratovolcanoes
Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback cycle? W) The polar climate warms, permafrost melts, microbes digest vegetation and release methane, the methane further warms polar climate X) The polar climate warms, sea ice melts, albedo lowers, and polar climate further warms Y) Global warming causes more water to evaporate from the surface, which condenses into clouds that then reflect more sunlight back to space, which cools the Earth Z) Global warming causes the southwestern U.S. to become even drier, reduced evaporation leads to fewer clouds so the Earth's albedo remains low, thus warming the climate
W: W) The polar climate warms, permafrost melts, microbes digest vegetation and release methane, the methane further warms polar climate
X: X) The polar climate warms, sea ice melts, albedo lowers, and polar climate further warms
Y: Y) Global warming causes more water to evaporate from the surface, which condenses into clouds that then reflect more sunlight back to space, which cools the Earth
Z: Z) Global warming causes the southwestern U.S. to become even drier, reduced evaporation leads to fewer clouds so the Earth's albedo remains low, thus warming the climate
Answer: Y) Y) Global warming causes more water to evaporate from the surface, which condenses into clouds that then reflect more sunlight back to space, which cools the Earth
What is the term for the type of plant that is adapted to living in a saline environment?
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Carbohydrates are best defined as which of the following? W) Inorganic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 X) Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 Y) Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1:2 Z) Inorganic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1:2
W: W) Inorganic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1
X: X) Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1
Y: Y) Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1:2
Z: Z) Inorganic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1:2
Answer: X) X) Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1
Four consecutive odd integers are added. If the smallest integer is 2m – 1, then what is their sum in terms of m?
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Given $(2^x)(3^y)(5^z) = 2700$, find the product $xyz$.
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In which of the following types of electrical equipment is high resistance most undesirable? W) Superconducting magnet X) Heater Y) Stove Z) Incandescent light bulb
W: W) Superconducting magnet
X: X) Heater
Y: Y) Stove
Z: Z) Incandescent light bulb
Answer: W) W) Superconducting magnet
Why are natural gas-fired plants typically used for peaking production? W) They are built to have high efficiency X) Fuel costs are very stable over time Y) Natural gas is more abundant than coal Z) They have relatively fast response times
W: W) They are built to have high efficiency
X: X) Fuel costs are very stable over time
Y: Y) Natural gas is more abundant than coal
Z: Z) They have relatively fast response times
Answer: Z) Z) They have relatively fast response times
Which of the following pairs of compounds, when placed in water, would be expected to yield a precipitate? W) Ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate X) Sodium acetate and lithium hydroxide Y) Potassium sulfide and copper (II) sulfate Z) Nitric acid and ammonia
W: W) Ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate
X: X) Sodium acetate and lithium hydroxide
Y: Y) Potassium sulfide and copper (II) sulfate
Z: Z) Nitric acid and ammonia
Answer: Y) Y) Potassium sulfide and copper (II) sulfate
There are two elements whose ground state electron configurations contain exactly two half-filled subshells. What are these two elements?
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A cheetah has an ability to accelerate from 0 to 30 m/s in three seconds. Assuming constant acceleration, what distance in meters can the cheetah cover in this time interval?
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A pilot in training is placed into a human centrifuge where she will experience 5 g of force pulling her inward, the acceleration at which most people will begin to lose consciousness. Given $g = 10\,\mathrm{m/s^2}$ and a radius of 8 m, how fast will the pilot be traveling in m/s?
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Tsunamis are most likely to be generated in which of the following oceans? W) Arctic X) Atlantic Y) Pacific Z) Southern
W: W) Arctic
X: X) Atlantic
Y: Y) Pacific
Z: Z) Southern
Answer: Y) Y) Pacific
What is the term for a crescent-shaped sand dune with horns pointed downwind? W) Barchan X) Traverse Y) Parabolic Z) Longitudinal
W: W) Barchan
X: X) Traverse
Y: Y) Parabolic
Z: Z) Longitudinal
Answer: W) W) Barchan
Which of the following is an example of a negative chemotactic response in bacteria? W) Marine bacteria that use carbon dioxide as a nutrient are able to sense the concentration and move toward more highly-concentrated areas X) Bacteria being viewed under a microscope move away from the light Y) In a petri dish, E. coli will move away from concentrated areas of acetate Z) Photosynthetic bacteria will move towards the light in a gradient
W: W) Marine bacteria that use carbon dioxide as a nutrient are able to sense the concentration and move toward more highly-concentrated areas
X: X) Bacteria being viewed under a microscope move away from the light
Y: Y) In a petri dish, E. coli will move away from concentrated areas of acetate
Z: Z) Photosynthetic bacteria will move towards the light in a gradient
Answer: Y) Y) In a petri dish, E. coli will move away from concentrated areas of acetate
What are the five major steps in Holozoic nutrition?
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A chunk of gold with density 19,300 kg/m³ and volume 0.3 m³ is completely submerged in water. Assuming $g=10\,\mathrm{m/s^2}$ and water density 1000 kg/m³, what is the apparent weight of the gold in newtons? W) 54,900 X) 64,900 Y) 183,000 Z) 193,000
W: W) 54,900
X: X) 64,900
Y: Y) 183,000
Z: Z) 193,000
Answer: W) W) 54,900
At the bottom of a loop-the-loop on a roller coaster, Mike’s apparent weight is three times his weight. Assuming $g=10\,\mathrm{m/s^2}$ and a loop diameter of 20 m, what is Mike’s speed as a whole number in m/s?
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If an arc of 60° on circle 1 has the same length as an arc of 45° on circle 2, what is the ratio of the area of circle 1 to the area of circle 2? W) 16:9 X) 9:16 Y) 4:3 Z) 3:4
W: W) 16:9
X: X) 9:16
Y: Y) 4:3
Z: Z) 3:4
Answer: X) X) 9:16
A tourist begins a city stroll at an intersection. He walks north one block and then flips a coin. If heads, he turns right; if tails, he turns left. He walks a total of four blocks, flipping at each corner. What is the probability that he ends at the starting point? W) 1/8 X) 1/4 Y) 1/3 Z) 1/2
W: W) 1/8
X: X) 1/4
Y: Y) 1/3
Z: Z) 1/2
Answer: X) X) 1/4
Which of the following best describes the difference between gas diffusion and gas effusion? W) Diffusion occurs at constant temperature while effusion occurs at variable temperatures X) Diffusion can occur with any gas while effusion occurs only with certain gases Y) Diffusion involves gas molecules at the same total pressure while effusion involves gases moving from high pressure to low pressure Z) Diffusion is mass dependent while effusion is mass independent
W: W) Diffusion occurs at constant temperature while effusion occurs at variable temperatures
X: X) Diffusion can occur with any gas while effusion occurs only with certain gases
Y: Y) Diffusion involves gas molecules at the same total pressure while effusion involves gases moving from high pressure to low pressure
Z: Z) Diffusion is mass dependent while effusion is mass independent
Answer: Y) Y) Diffusion involves gas molecules at the same total pressure while effusion involves gases moving from high pressure to low pressure
According to kinetic-molecular theory, what is the mathematical relationship between molar mass and average gas phase speed?
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By number, rank from greatest to least the moments of inertia for a golf club rotated about the following axes: 1) through the center of mass and parallel to the long axis; 2) through the end of the handle and perpendicular to the long axis; 3) through the center of mass and perpendicular to the long axis.
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Properly match the type of energy transfer with the following situations: A) mechanical work; B) matter transfer; C) electromagnetic radiation; D) mechanical waves; with 1) pushing a box across the floor; 2) listening to music; 3) seeing a bright light bulb; 4) filling a gas tank with fuel.
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The drug colchicine inhibits polymerization of tubulin in microtubule assembly. Which of the following cell processes would be most severely impacted by colchicine activity? W) DNA replication X) Mitosis Y) Translation Z) Cellular respiration
W: W) DNA replication
X: X) Mitosis
Y: Y) Translation
Z: Z) Cellular respiration
Answer: X) X) Mitosis
Name the two types of cell junctions that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.
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Alfred Wegener believed that which of the following caused the continents to move? W) Strong earthquakes X) Strong winds Y) The spinning of the Earth Z) The rotation of the Earth’s magnetic field
W: W) Strong earthquakes
X: X) Strong winds
Y: Y) The spinning of the Earth
Z: Z) The rotation of the Earth’s magnetic field
Answer: Y) Y) The spinning of the Earth
The dissolving ability of water is related to which of the following? W) The attraction between the water molecule’s positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms X) Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules Y) Its ability to transmit energy from water molecule to water molecule Z) Its low viscosity
W: W) The attraction between the water molecule’s positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms
X: X) Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules
Y: Y) Its ability to transmit energy from water molecule to water molecule
Z: Z) Its low viscosity
Answer: W) W) The attraction between the water molecule’s positive and negative charges and charges on other atoms
A student must enroll in 5 classes. She must take English, either Sociology or Economics, and either Chemistry, Biology, or Geology. For the other two courses, six offerings are available. How many different schedule selections are possible? W) 36 X) 90 Y) 180 Z) 360
W: W) 36
X: X) 90
Y: Y) 180
Z: Z) 360
Answer: X) X) 90
The sides of a right triangle have lengths m, m + n, and m + 2n. If n is positive, what is the ratio of m to n?
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Some prokaryotes derive energy from inorganic compounds such as sulfides, hydrogen, or ammonia. What is this type of metabolism called?
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Oxides of which two elements comprise most acid rain resulting from power generation?
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What human aneuploid syndrome is characterized by an XXY chromosome composition and sexual immaturity?
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Which of the following is a carnivorous plant? W) Mushroom X) Nightshade Y) Nepenthes Z) Datura
W: W) Mushroom
X: X) Nightshade
Y: Y) Nepenthes
Z: Z) Datura
Answer: Y) Y) Nepenthes
With regard to a graph illustrating the distribution of molecular speeds for a gas at different temperatures, which of the following occurs as temperature decreases? W) The curve flattens X) The average speed increases Y) The percentage of gas at higher speeds decreases Z) The mean free path decreases
W: W) The curve flattens
X: X) The average speed increases
Y: Y) The percentage of gas at higher speeds decreases
Z: Z) The mean free path decreases
Answer: Y) Y) The percentage of gas at higher speeds decreases
Rank the following four gases in order of increasing effusion rates: 1) Argon; 2) Helium; 3) Oxygen; 4) Chlorine.
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A metal rod with coefficient of linear expansion $1.7\times10^{-5}\,/^\circ\mathrm{C}$ and length 10.0 m is at 20 °C. What is the increase in length in millimeters when it is heated to 30 °C?
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Two pipes of diameters d₁ and d₂ are connected. What is the ratio of kinetic energy per unit volume (k₁/k₂) of water flowing through these pipes? W) (d₂/d₁)⁴ X) (d₂/d₁)² Y) (d₁/d₂)⁴ Z) (d₁/d₂)²
W: W) (d₂/d₁)⁴
X: X) (d₂/d₁)²
Y: Y) (d₁/d₂)⁴
Z: Z) (d₁/d₂)²
Answer: W) W) (d₂/d₁)⁴