HS Sample Set 8, Round 12 from NSB
Which of the following gases has the slowest rate of effusion? W) Hydrogen X) Helium Y) Oxygen Z) Neon
W: W) Hydrogen
X: X) Helium
Y: Y) Oxygen
Z: Z) Neon
Answer: Y) Y) Oxygen
The electrolysis of water is endothermic, requiring 286 kJ of energy to decompose one mole of water at 25 °C. Given that the enthalpy of formation of hydrogen peroxide is –136 kJ/mol, what is the standard enthalpy in kilojoules for the decomposition of one mole of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?
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The arrector pili muscle has what function when a mammal is cold? W) Inducing shivering X) Speeding metabolism Y) Increasing the depth of the air insulation barrier Z) Vasoconstriction
W: W) Inducing shivering
X: X) Speeding metabolism
Y: Y) Increasing the depth of the air insulation barrier
Z: Z) Vasoconstriction
Answer: Y) Y) Increasing the depth of the air insulation barrier
Someone has carelessly tossed several sets of human vertebrae into a single box. You are trying to sort out the mess and have counted 20 lumbar, 48 thoracic, and 26 cervical vertebrae. It’s now clear you are missing some bones. How many bones are you missing, and what type of vertebrae are they? W) 4 lumbar X) 2 thoracic Y) 2 cervical Z) 4 thoracic
W: W) 4 lumbar
X: X) 2 thoracic
Y: Y) 2 cervical
Z: Z) 4 thoracic
Answer: Y) Y) 2 cervical
Indicate, by number, all of the following statements that must be true for an object to be in static equilibrium: 1) All forces are balanced 2) All torques are balanced 3) Their pressures are the same
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The buildup of heavier elements in the nuclear fusion processes in stars is limited to elements below what isotope? W) Iron-56 X) Iron-58 Y) Nickel-62 Z) Lead-82
W: W) Iron-56
X: X) Iron-58
Y: Y) Nickel-62
Z: Z) Lead-82
Answer: W) W) Iron-56
Which of the following best describes the accretion properties of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way? W) Not accreting a detectable amount of matter X) Accreting an unusually small amount of matter Y) Accreting an average amount of matter Z) Accreting an unusually large amount of matter
W: W) Not accreting a detectable amount of matter
X: X) Accreting an unusually small amount of matter
Y: Y) Accreting an average amount of matter
Z: Z) Accreting an unusually large amount of matter
Answer: X) X) Accreting an unusually small amount of matter
Which of the following mountain ranges in the state of Oregon is an accreted terrain? W) Wallowa Mountains X) Cascade Volcano Range Y) Steens Mountains Z) Hart Mountains
W: W) Wallowa Mountains
X: X) Cascade Volcano Range
Y: Y) Steens Mountains
Z: Z) Hart Mountains
Answer: W) W) Wallowa Mountains
How many ways are there to get exactly 25 heads results from 26 consecutive fair coin tosses?
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A set of three positive consecutive integers has a product 33 times their sum. What is the largest element in the set?
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Name the type of reproduction in which the eggs hatch inside the female body and the embryo is retained for protection.
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What region of the human brainstem is commonly thought to be responsible for the control of cardiac, respiratory, and other autonomic functions and is connected to the thalamus via the pons?
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What choice best describes the type of reaction that is catalyzed by lyases? W) Transfer of functional groups X) Mediate isomerization Y) Addition to double bonds Z) Formation of bonds with ATP cleavage
W: W) Transfer of functional groups
X: X) Mediate isomerization
Y: Y) Addition to double bonds
Z: Z) Formation of bonds with ATP cleavage
Answer: Y) Y) Addition to double bonds
A neutral coordination compound is composed of a complex ion bound to a potassium cation. The complex ion contains a central cobalt ion bound to two ammonia ligands and four chloride ligands. What is the oxidation number of the cobalt ion?
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What is the resistance of a resistor that has a 20 mA current when connected across the terminals of a 1.5 V battery?
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A light ray passes from air (n = 1.00) to the cornea (n = 1.33) of the eye. If the angle of incidence is 30°, which of the following is true of the angle of refraction? W) Less than 30° X) Equal to 30° Y) Between 30° and 45° Z) Equal to 45°
W: W) Less than 30°
X: X) Equal to 30°
Y: Y) Between 30° and 45°
Z: Z) Equal to 45°
Answer: W) W) Less than 30°
What is the name of the landform found west of the current Yellowstone Hotspot that was made as the North American Plate moved southwest over the hotspot?
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Which of the following best approximates the number of separate cinder cones located on the flanks of Newberry Volcano? W) 4 X) 40 Y) 400 Z) 4000
W: W) 4
X: X) 40
Y: Y) 400
Z: Z) 4000
Answer: Y) Y) 400
Identify the food test used to detect the presence of a reducing sugar by the addition of a solution containing sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, and copper sulphate.
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You are conducting an experiment that involves incubating a heat-insensitive enzyme with its substrate, while slowly increasing the temperature of the test tube. The concentration of the substrate is much higher than the concentration of the enzyme. Can you use the Michaelis–Menten equation to model the enzyme kinetics of this reaction, and why or why not? W) Yes, because the conditions are changing X) No, because the conditions are changing Y) Yes, because the enzyme activity remains unchanged Z) No, because the enzyme activity remains unchanged
W: W) Yes, because the conditions are changing
X: X) No, because the conditions are changing
Y: Y) Yes, because the enzyme activity remains unchanged
Z: Z) No, because the enzyme activity remains unchanged
Answer: X) X) No, because the conditions are changing
If A and B are integers, consider the 2×2 matrix with first row 2, A and second row B, 3. For how many different values of A can the matrix be singular? W) 2 X) 4 Y) 8 Z) 10
W: W) 2
X: X) 4
Y: Y) 8
Z: Z) 10
Answer: Y) Y) 8
If A = 20° and B = 25°, what is the value of $$(1 + \tan A)(1 + \tan B)$$?
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In the U.S., ethanol is produced by a fermentation process involving corn. What is the cool season legume that can be used to produce biodiesel?
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Rank the following light bulb types in terms of luminous efficiency (watts required to generate the same amount of lumens), from MOST efficient to LEAST efficient: incandescent, compact fluorescent, halogen, LED.
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Identify all of the following three techniques that could be used to determine the size of an unknown compound: 1) Affinity chromatography 2) Mass spectrometry 3) Electron paramagnetic resonance
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Which of the following qualitative organic tests is NOT matched correctly to a functional group for which it predominantly tests? W) Biuret test and amides X) Lucas reagent and alcohols Y) Tollens’ reagent and carboxylic acids Z) Benedict’s test and reducing sugars
W: W) Biuret test and amides
X: X) Lucas reagent and alcohols
Y: Y) Tollens’ reagent and carboxylic acids
Z: Z) Benedict’s test and reducing sugars
Answer: Y) Y) Tollens’ reagent and carboxylic acids
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a detergent often used to dissolve molecules. In SDS-PAGE, what type of molecule is SDS used to dissolve?
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Beriberi is caused by deficiency in which of the following vitamins? W) Thiamine X) Retinol Y) Ascorbic acid Z) Cobalamin
W: W) Thiamine
X: X) Retinol
Y: Y) Ascorbic acid
Z: Z) Cobalamin
Answer: W) W) Thiamine
What is the form of equilibrium between pressure and gravity in a stellar interior?
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Which of the following represents a metasomatic change from a protolith? W) Granite to phyllite X) Limestone to marble Y) Shale to gneiss Z) Limestone to skarn
W: W) Granite to phyllite
X: X) Limestone to marble
Y: Y) Shale to gneiss
Z: Z) Limestone to skarn
Answer: Z) Z) Limestone to skarn
Catalysts do not get consumed in reactions; however, platinum in hydrogen fuel cells can become inactive when poisoned by which of the following compounds? W) Nitrogen X) Hydrogen Y) Hydrogen peroxide Z) Carbon monoxide
W: W) Nitrogen
X: X) Hydrogen
Y: Y) Hydrogen peroxide
Z: Z) Carbon monoxide
Answer: Z) Z) Carbon monoxide
Which of the following statements is false about photovoltaic cells? W) N-type silicon is doped with phosphorus X) Phosphorus gives the silicon a positive character, and the tendency to attract electrons Y) P-type silicon is doped with boron Z) Boron gives the silicon a positive character, and the tendency to attract electrons
W: W) N-type silicon is doped with phosphorus
X: X) Phosphorus gives the silicon a positive character, and the tendency to attract electrons
Y: Y) P-type silicon is doped with boron
Z: Z) Boron gives the silicon a positive character, and the tendency to attract electrons
Answer: X) X) Phosphorus gives the silicon a positive character, and the tendency to attract electrons
What is the absolute value of the difference between the sum of the first 2014 even counting numbers and the first 2014 odd counting numbers?
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If y is a function of x such that $\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{x}{y}$ and $y(3)=4$, then which of the following equations is true? W) $x^2 + y^2 = 25$ X) $y - x = 1$ Y) $y^2 - x^2 = 49$ Z) $y^2 - x^2 = 7$
W: W) $x^2 + y^2 = 25$
X: X) $y - x = 1$
Y: Y) $y^2 - x^2 = 49$
Z: Z) $y^2 - x^2 = 7$
Answer: Z) Z) $y^2 - x^2 = 7$
If Z = atomic number and A = mass number, the radius of an approximately spherical nucleus is proportional to which of the following? W) $Z^3$ X) $A^{1/3}$ Y) $A^3$ Z) $Z^{1/3}$
W: W) $Z^3$
X: X) $A^{1/3}$
Y: Y) $A^3$
Z: Z) $Z^{1/3}$
Answer: X) X) $A^{1/3}$
Light travelling through air strikes a transparent material of index of refraction $n = 2$ at an angle of 30° relative to the normal to the surface, and is then refracted an angle $\theta$. What is the value of $\sin(\theta)$ to two significant figures? W) 0.10 X) 0.25 Y) 0.66 Z) 1.0
W: W) 0.10
X: X) 0.25
Y: Y) 0.66
Z: Z) 1.0
Answer: X) X) 0.25
Moths are nocturnal, have a good sense of smell, and are also pollinators of a variety of plant species, many of which have evolved to better suit the needs of their primary pollinators. Which of the following traits would you expect to find in flowers of moth-pollinated plants? W) Heavy, musky odors X) Dangling flowers Y) Large, red flowers Z) Blue or purple flowers
W: W) Heavy, musky odors
X: X) Dangling flowers
Y: Y) Large, red flowers
Z: Z) Blue or purple flowers
Answer: W) W) Heavy, musky odors
If you lower the intracellular levels of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, what will happen to the rate of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, respectively? W) Gluconeogenesis speeds up, glycolysis slows down X) Gluconeogenesis slows down, glycolysis speeds up Y) Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis both slow down Z) Glycolysis speeds up and gluconeogenesis halts
W: W) Gluconeogenesis speeds up, glycolysis slows down
X: X) Gluconeogenesis slows down, glycolysis speeds up
Y: Y) Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis both slow down
Z: Z) Glycolysis speeds up and gluconeogenesis halts
Answer: W) W) Gluconeogenesis speeds up, glycolysis slows down
Which of the following statements concerning chemical kinetics is NOT true? W) Catalysts of a reaction can appear in the reaction’s rate law X) The reciprocal of concentration versus time will be linear for a first order reaction Y) For a reaction, the equilibrium constant is the forward rate constant over the reverse rate constant Z) The half-life of a zero-th order reaction is proportional to initial concentration of the reactant
W: W) Catalysts of a reaction can appear in the reaction’s rate law
X: X) The reciprocal of concentration versus time will be linear for a first order reaction
Y: Y) For a reaction, the equilibrium constant is the forward rate constant over the reverse rate constant
Z: Z) The half-life of a zero-th order reaction is proportional to initial concentration of the reactant
Answer: X) X) The reciprocal of concentration versus time will be linear for a first order reaction
Which of the following species has an unpaired electron, according to the VSEPR model? W) IF₃ X) IF₅ Y) [BrF₅]⁻ Z) [BrF₃]²⁻
W: W) IF₃
X: X) IF₅
Y: Y) [BrF₅]⁻
Z: Z) [BrF₃]²⁻
Answer: Y) Y) [BrF₅]⁻
In order to find the average size of families in a particular town, a surveyor took a simple random sample of individuals and asked each of them how many people were in his or her family. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the surveyor’s findings? W) The surveyor’s calculated average will likely be greater than the actual average X) The surveyor’s calculated average will likely be less than the actual average Y) The surveyor’s calculated average will likely be equal to the actual average Z) It is equally likely that the surveyor’s calculated average will be less than or greater than the actual average
W: W) The surveyor’s calculated average will likely be greater than the actual average
X: X) The surveyor’s calculated average will likely be less than the actual average
Y: Y) The surveyor’s calculated average will likely be equal to the actual average
Z: Z) It is equally likely that the surveyor’s calculated average will be less than or greater than the actual average
Answer: W) W) The surveyor’s calculated average will likely be greater than the actual average
Let $x = 0.123456789101112…99$, where the decimal digits are obtained by writing the integers 1 through 99 in order. What digit is in the 99th decimal place? W) 3 X) 4 Y) 5 Z) 6
W: W) 3
X: X) 4
Y: Y) 5
Z: Z) 6
Answer: X) X) 4
What group of subatomic particles, known to be emitted by the reactions that take place in the Sun, were recently confirmed to oscillate between three flavors, explaining the discrepancy between expected and observed numbers of these particles emitted by the Sun?
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An ideal refrigerator absorbs heat at –23 °C and exhausts it at 27 °C. What is its coefficient of performance?
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Which of the following minerals are present in pelitic rocks, resulting from the metamorphism of aluminous sedimentary rocks such as shales and mudrocks? W) Sphalerite X) Calcite Y) Quartz Z) Garnet
W: W) Sphalerite
X: X) Calcite
Y: Y) Quartz
Z: Z) Garnet
Answer: W) W) Sphalerite
Which of the following best describes cataclastic metamorphism? W) Ultrahigh pressures generated by impact with an extra-terrestrial body X) High temperature alteration accompanied by moderate pressures in the presence of hydrothermal fluids Y) Mechanical deformation that can result from rocks sliding along a shear zone Z) Shallow burial with temperatures exceeding 300 °C, similar to diagenesis
W: W) Ultrahigh pressures generated by impact with an extra-terrestrial body
X: X) High temperature alteration accompanied by moderate pressures in the presence of hydrothermal fluids
Y: Y) Mechanical deformation that can result from rocks sliding along a shear zone
Z: Z) Shallow burial with temperatures exceeding 300 °C, similar to diagenesis
Answer: Y) Y) Mechanical deformation that can result from rocks sliding along a shear zone