HS Sample Set 11, Round 14 from NSB
An alkyne is added to a reaction vessel containing pressurized hydrogen gas and a catalyst consisting of palladium poisoned by traces of lead(II) ions and quinoline. Which of the following is the major product of this reaction? W) Alkane X) Cis-alkene Y) Trans-alkene Z) Alcohol
W: W) Alkane
X: X) Cis-alkene
Y: Y) Trans-alkene
Z: Z) Alcohol
Answer: X) X) Cis-alkene
Identify all of the following three statements that are true concerning elimination reactions: 1) E2 is a concerted reaction; 2) E1 is substantially accelerated by strong, unhindered bases; 3) Cis-alkenes are often thermodynamically preferred to trans-alkenes.
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What protein hormone, missing in obese mice with mutations in the ob gene, is responsible for controlling satiety?
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When fasting, the liver will convert amino acids to glucose. What is the name of this process?
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Which of the following percentages is closest to the level of engine efficiency in a modern gasoline-burning automobile? W) 10% X) 25% Y) 50% Z) 90%
W: W) 10%
X: X) 25%
Y: Y) 50%
Z: Z) 90%
Answer: X) X) 25%
A family in Phoenix is considering installing a photovoltaic system on their house. Which of the following roof orientations and inclined angles relative to horizontal is best to install the panels? W) West-facing at 30 degrees X) South-facing at 30 degrees Y) South-facing at zero degrees Z) East-facing at zero degrees
W: W) West-facing at 30 degrees
X: X) South-facing at 30 degrees
Y: Y) South-facing at zero degrees
Z: Z) East-facing at zero degrees
Answer: X) X) South-facing at 30 degrees
A Wheatstone Bridge is used to measure what property of electrical circuit components?
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Using the harmonic oscillator model, and assuming the force constant is unchanged between the two molecules, what is the ratio of the fundamental vibrational frequency of hydrogen to that of deuterium?
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Given \(f^{-1}(x) = 2 - x\), what is \(f(x)\)?
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A triangle with integer side lengths has longest side that is 4 times as long as a second side, and the third side has length 20. What is the greatest possible perimeter of the triangle?
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What radioactive element was produced during nuclear-weapons testing in the mid-1900s and is commonly used by oceanographers to date the age of water masses, but will decay to normal background levels in the coming decades? W) Carbon-14 X) Radon-222 Y) Uranium-238 Z) Tritium
W: W) Carbon-14
X: X) Radon-222
Y: Y) Uranium-238
Z: Z) Tritium
Answer: Z) Z) Tritium
The key glacier structure formed through annual layering of ice through cycles of melting and snowfall is called what? W) Ogives X) Primary stratification Y) Longitudinal foliation Z) Transverse crevasses
W: W) Ogives
X: X) Primary stratification
Y: Y) Longitudinal foliation
Z: Z) Transverse crevasses
Answer: X) X) Primary stratification
Why is solar power underutilized in American households? W) It increases the price of a home by about 5-10% X) North America is mostly cloudy Y) Solar technology is currently not very effective Z) Solar cells are not effective in cold climates
W: W) It increases the price of a home by about 5-10%
X: X) North America is mostly cloudy
Y: Y) Solar technology is currently not very effective
Z: Z) Solar cells are not effective in cold climates
Answer: W) W) It increases the price of a home by about 5-10%
Nanolithography is a current research interest at Lawrence Livermore National Lab. Which of the following correctly describes nanolithography? W) The study of fluids confined to nanoscale structures X) Usage of nanoparticles as medical technology Y) Depositing residues thinner than 100 nanometers onto surfaces Z) Fabricating structures smaller than 100 nanometers
W: W) The study of fluids confined to nanoscale structures
X: X) Usage of nanoparticles as medical technology
Y: Y) Depositing residues thinner than 100 nanometers onto surfaces
Z: Z) Fabricating structures smaller than 100 nanometers
Answer: Z) Z) Fabricating structures smaller than 100 nanometers
Which of the following methods is LEAST helpful in identifying chiral isomers? W) X-ray diffraction X) Quadrupole mass spectrometry Y) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Z) Raman spectroscopy
W: W) X-ray diffraction
X: X) Quadrupole mass spectrometry
Y: Y) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Z: Z) Raman spectroscopy
Answer: X) X) Quadrupole mass spectrometry
Identify all of the following three statements that are true of a mixture of 96% ethanol and 4% water: 1) The boiling point of the mixture is greater than that of either pure ethanol or pure water; 2) The components can be separated by fractional distillation; 3) The mixture deviates from Raoult’s law.
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Kepler’s third law of planetary motion relates what two parameters of the orbiting body? W) Solar radiation and distance X) Orbital period and semi-major axis Y) Orbital eccentricity and solar mass Z) Solar mass and mass of orbiting body
W: W) Solar radiation and distance
X: X) Orbital period and semi-major axis
Y: Y) Orbital eccentricity and solar mass
Z: Z) Solar mass and mass of orbiting body
Answer: X) X) Orbital period and semi-major axis
Magnetite, pyrite, and galena are mineral examples of which of the following crystal system types? W) Tetragonal X) Cubic Y) Triclinic Z) Ortho-rhombic
W: W) Tetragonal
X: X) Cubic
Y: Y) Triclinic
Z: Z) Ortho-rhombic
Answer: X) X) Cubic
Consider a bag of 7 marbles, 5 red and 2 white. You draw marbles from the bag until you draw the last white marble, at which point you stop. What is the probability you stop drawing after the second marble is selected?
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For the arithmetic sequence with first term 7 and fourth term 19, what is the sum of the first 50 terms?
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The photoelectric effect reveals what property of photons? W) Wave-like nature X) Particle-like nature Y) Wave-particle duality Z) Masslessness
W: W) Wave-like nature
X: X) Particle-like nature
Y: Y) Wave-particle duality
Z: Z) Masslessness
Answer: X) X) Particle-like nature
In quantum mechanics, the operator for momentum is represented by a derivative with respect to what quantity?
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Identify all of the following three genera of bacteria that are Gram positive: 1) Escherichia; 2) Salmonella; 3) Vibrio.
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Identify the ploidy level for the following three plant life stages: 1) Sporophyte; 2) Gametophyte; 3) Spore.
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What is the absolute value of the complex conjugate of \(-4 + 5i\)?
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What is the limit as \(x\) approaches 3 of the fraction with numerator \(x^6 - 81\) and denominator \(x^3 - 9\)? \[ \lim_{x\to3}\frac{x^6 - 81}{x^3 - 9} \]
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A 70-kilogram student is walking at 1 meter per second. Which of the following is closest to her de Broglie wavelength, in meters? W) 10⁻³⁴ X) 10⁻³⁵ Y) 10⁻³⁶ Z) 10⁻³⁷
W: W) 10⁻³⁴
X: X) 10⁻³⁵
Y: Y) 10⁻³⁶
Z: Z) 10⁻³⁷
Answer: X) X) 10⁻³⁵
Einstein won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his description of what phenomenon?
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Porphyrin is a chelating ligand. How many bonds can it form to a metal center?
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Rank the following four compounds in terms of increasing net dipole moment: 1) Carbon dioxide; 2) Hydrogen chloride; 3) Hydrogen fluoride; 4) Carbon monoxide.
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What second messenger is produced by adenylyl cyclase?
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In a signalling pathway, a certain step requires the removal of a phosphate group from a protein. What general type of enzyme would perform this reaction?
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Researchers are using the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility to design and model peptide therapeutics. Which of the following is NOT a challenge associated with peptide therapeutics? W) They are difficult to deliver X) They have poor specificity Y) They have poor cell penetration Z) They are degraded in the circulatory system
W: W) They are difficult to deliver
X: X) They have poor specificity
Y: Y) They have poor cell penetration
Z: Z) They are degraded in the circulatory system
Answer: X) X) They have poor specificity
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Lab are studying the conditions under which planet formation occurs by doing which of the following? W) Determining the melting point of silica at gigapascal pressures X) Determining the melting point of silica in ultra high vacuum Y) Determining the boiling point of silica at gigapascal pressures Z) Determining the boiling point of alumina at gigapascal pressures
W: W) Determining the melting point of silica at gigapascal pressures
X: X) Determining the melting point of silica in ultra high vacuum
Y: Y) Determining the boiling point of silica at gigapascal pressures
Z: Z) Determining the boiling point of alumina at gigapascal pressures
Answer: W) W) Determining the melting point of silica at gigapascal pressures
How many planes of cleavage does biotite possess?
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Water-saturated surfaces can behave like liquids during earthquakes. What is the term for this phenomenon?
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Acetylene has a pKa of 25, while hydroxide ions have a pKa of about 16. Expressing your answer to the nearest power of 10, if they were mixed in equimolar amounts, one in how many molecules of acetylene would be deprotonated?
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How many unpaired electrons does high-spin \([CoF_6]^{3–}\) have?
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Which of the following is not a unit used by oceanographers to describe sea water salinity? W) Parts per thousand X) Siemen Y) Practical salinity unit Z) Grams per kilogram
W: W) Parts per thousand
X: X) Siemen
Y: Y) Practical salinity unit
Z: Z) Grams per kilogram
Answer: X) X) Siemen
Prometheus and Pan both create gaps in Saturn’s rings due to their gravitational influence. What is the term for this type of satellite?
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An octagon is dilated with scale factor \(7/4\). What is the ratio of the areas of the original octagon to the image?
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Other than 2, what is the smallest positive integer that, when divided by 3, 5, 7, or 9, has a remainder of 2?
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What enzyme is the major regulation site of glycolysis?
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In glycolysis, what enzyme catalyzes the initial phosphorylation of glucose, preventing it from leaving the cell?
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If the ratio of the lengths of two pendulums is 1:4, what is the ratio of the frequency of the longer to that of the shorter?
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Radiation from a hypothetical blue dwarf is peaked at a wavelength of 250 nanometers. A spaceship travelling away from the star at 0.6 c observes a spectrum peaked at what wavelength, in nanometers?
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