MS Sample Set 14, Round 1 from NSB

Questions in Packet

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What general series of reactions do cells use to convert the energy in sugar into ATP?

Acceptable Answers:

  • RESPIRATION
  • CELLULAR RESPIRATION

BONUS bio phrase

What type of biome is characterized by sparse vegetation and less than 25 centimeters of rainfall a year?

Acceptable Answers:

  • DESERT

TOSS-UP ess phrase

What planet in our solar system has the furthest average distance from the Sun?

Acceptable Answers:

  • NEPTUNE

BONUS ess multiselect

Identify all of the following three statements about Jupiter and Saturn that are TRUE: 1) Jupiter is more massive than Saturn; 2) Hydrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmospheres of both planets; 3) Both planets have planetary rings.

Choices:

  • Jupiter is more massive than Saturn
  • Hydrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmospheres of both planets
  • Both planets have planetary rings

Correct Answers:

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

TOSS-UP math phrase

How much longer is the circumference of a circle with radius 12 than the circumference of a circle with radius 10?

Acceptable Answers:

BONUS math phrase

The price of a shirt is marked up by 20%, and then the shirt goes on sale for 20% off the marked price. What is the percent discount on the shirt relative to the original price?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 4%

TOSS-UP energy multiple_choice

Researchers at the National Energy Technology Lab are developing membranes that absorb carbon dioxide. Which of the following terms most accurately describes dissimilar molecules sticking to one another? W) Cohesion X) Fusion Y) Adhesion Z) Erosion

W: W) Cohesion

X: X) Fusion

Y: Y) Adhesion

Z: Z) Erosion

Answer: Y) Y) Adhesion

BONUS energy multiple_choice

Brookhaven National Lab researchers are developing catalysts to break down sarin gas. Sarin is a poison that inhibits what neurotransmitter-related enzyme? W) Catalase X) Acetyl-cholin-esterase Y) ATP synthase Z) DNA polymerase

W: W) Catalase

X: X) Acetyl-cholin-esterase

Y: Y) ATP synthase

Z: Z) DNA polymerase

Answer: X) X) Acetyl-cholin-esterase

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

What volcanic rock is characterized by abundant vesicles, a low density, and a light color? W) Pumice X) Granite Y) Scoria Z) Obsidian

W: W) Pumice

X: X) Granite

Y: Y) Scoria

Z: Z) Obsidian

Answer: W) W) Pumice

BONUS ess multiselect

Identify all of the following three landforms that could be represented by closed contours on a topographic map: 1) Hill; 2) Basin; 3) Mountain range.

Choices:

  • Hill
  • Basin
  • Mountain range

Correct Answers:

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

TOSS-UP phys phrase

What is the term for matter that is made of only one kind of atom?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ELEMENT

BONUS phys phrase

What is the SI derived unit, equal to one joule per coulomb, that is used to quantify electric potential?

Acceptable Answers:

  • VOLT

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following structures is too small to be seen reliably with a basic light microscope with a 400-times objective? W) Frog egg X) Viral capsid Y) Chloroplast Z) Bacterial cell

W: W) Frog egg

X: X) Viral capsid

Y: Y) Chloroplast

Z: Z) Bacterial cell

Answer: X) X) Viral capsid

BONUS bio order

Place the following three events in order from earliest to latest in the process of generating protein from a DNA sequence in eukaryotes: 1) Translocation of mRNA to the cytoplasm; 2) Transcription; 3) Translation.

Choices:

  • Transcription
  • Translocation of mRNA to the cytoplasm
  • Translation

Correct Order:

  • 2
  • 1
  • 3

TOSS-UP ess phrase

What is the name for the regions of the Moon where most of the early Apollo missions landed, which are characterized by smooth, basaltic lowland plains?

Acceptable Answers:

  • MARIA
  • MARE

BONUS ess phrase

Mars has solid ice at its polar regions. Because of its low surface pressure, when the ice caps warm up, what type of phase change does the ice undergo?

Acceptable Answers:

  • SUBLIMATION

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Sarah launches a projectile over flat ground at 10 meters per second at an angle of 15 degrees. If Jake wants to launch a projectile the same horizontal distance, which of the following launch parameters would be appropriate? W) 5 meters per second at 45 degrees X) 5 meters per second at 75 degrees Y) 10 meters per second at 45 degrees Z) 10 meters per second at 75 degrees

W: W) 5 meters per second at 45 degrees

X: X) 5 meters per second at 75 degrees

Y: Y) 10 meters per second at 45 degrees

Z: Z) 10 meters per second at 75 degrees

Answer: Z) Z) 10 meters per second at 75 degrees

BONUS phys phrase

A circuit consists of an 18-volt battery wired in series with a 4-ohm resistor. In watts, how much power is dissipated by the resistor?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 81

TOSS-UP energy phrase

DOE-funded researchers are studying the crystalline properties of a potential solar cell material, boron arsenide. What is the chemical formula of boron arsenide?

Acceptable Answers:

  • BAs

BONUS energy phrase

Researchers at Brookhaven National Lab are seeking to better understand high-temperature superconductors made from cuprates. What two elements comprise cuprates?

Acceptable Answers:

  • COPPER AND OXYGEN

TOSS-UP math phrase

If Mr. Malone buys \(1\tfrac{5}{12}\) pounds of bananas and \(\tfrac{11}{4}\) pounds of apples, how many pounds of fruit does he buy?

Acceptable Answers:

  • \(2\tfrac{2}{3}\)
  • \(\tfrac{8}{3}\)

BONUS math phrase

A trapezoid has area 360. If its height is 12 and one base has length 12, what is the length of the second base?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 48

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following has the lowest energy wavelength? W) Radio waves X) Blue light Y) Infrared light Z) Gamma rays

W: W) Radio waves

X: X) Blue light

Y: Y) Infrared light

Z: Z) Gamma rays

Answer: W) W) Radio waves

BONUS phys phrase

When you hang a box from a spring with a spring constant of 30 newtons per meter, the spring is extended by 1.3 meters. To the nearest kilogram, what is the mass of the box?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 4

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What human organ system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?

Acceptable Answers:

  • CARDIOVASCULAR
  • CIRCULATORY

BONUS bio phrase

What is the term for the genetic interaction in which two alleles are both equally expressed, resulting in a phenotype such as AB blood type that has properties of both traits?

Acceptable Answers:

  • CODOMINANCE

DO NOT ACCEPT:

  • INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is the slope of the line that contains the points \((-1,3)\) and \((3,-5)\)?

Acceptable Answers:

  • -2

BONUS math phrase

For the universal set consisting of the integers from 1 through 10, what is the sum of the elements in the union of the set of all prime numbers and the set of all odd numbers?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 27

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which form of precipitation is typically produced in large cumulonimbus clouds when small ice pellets collect supercooled water droplets as they fall through the cloud? W) Glaze X) Sleet Y) Hail Z) Rime

W: W) Glaze

X: X) Sleet

Y: Y) Hail

Z: Z) Rime

Answer: Y) Y) Hail

BONUS ess multiple_choice

Which of the following minerals commonly has either a metallic or dull luster and produces a red streak? W) Plagioclase X) Pyroxene Y) Hematite Z) Gold

W: W) Plagioclase

X: X) Pyroxene

Y: Y) Hematite

Z: Z) Gold

Answer: Y) Y) Hematite

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Laser A has a wavelength of 400 nanometers, and laser B has a wavelength of 800 nanometers. Which of the following is NOT true? W) Light from laser A is blue, and light from laser B is near infrared X) Photons from laser A have half the energy of those from laser B Y) Light from laser A has twice the frequency of laser B Z) Light from lasers A and B travel at the same speed in vacuum

W: W) Light from laser A is blue, and light from laser B is near infrared

X: X) Photons from laser A have half the energy of those from laser B

Y: Y) Light from laser A has twice the frequency of laser B

Z: Z) Light from lasers A and B travel at the same speed in vacuum

Answer: X) X) Photons from laser A have half the energy of those from laser B

BONUS phys phrase

A 1200-kilogram car is parked on a 30-degree incline. If the car remains parked for eight hours, how much work, in joules, is done by the brakes to keep it from rolling down the incline?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ZERO

TOSS-UP math phrase

Rounded to the nearest whole number, what is 105 divided by 9?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 12

BONUS math phrase

A cylinder of radius 3 and height 5 is capped with a hemisphere on one end. What is the total volume of this solid?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 63π

TOSS-UP bio phrase

The information that encodes a protein sequence is located in what group of macromolecules, of which DNA and RNA are examples?

Acceptable Answers:

  • NUCLEIC ACIDS

BONUS bio phrase

What structure connects the middle ear to the throat?

Acceptable Answers:

  • EUSTACHIAN TUBE
  • AUDITORY TUBE
  • PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE

TOSS-UP ess phrase

In planetary formation, what is the process in which a dispersed cloud of particles coalesces into a spherical mass?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ACCRETION

BONUS ess phrase

Nicolaus Copernicus introduced what model of the solar system to explain the retrograde motion of the planets?

Acceptable Answers:

  • HELIOCENTRIC

TOSS-UP energy phrase

Researchers at Sandia National Laboratory are enhancing artificial neural networks by taking inspiration from biology. In their new system, artificial neurons transmit a yes or no status instead of a floating-point number. This corresponds to what biological function of real neurons?

Acceptable Answers:

  • SPIKING
  • FIRING
  • ACTION POTENTIAL

BONUS energy phrase

Scientists at Jefferson Lab are studying plants with PET imaging. What does PET stand for?

Acceptable Answers:

  • POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

TOSS-UP math phrase

Convert \(4\tfrac{2}{7}\) to an improper fraction.

Acceptable Answers:

  • 30/7

BONUS math phrase

A team of three factory workers tighten 1,285 bolts in 9 minutes. To the nearest whole number, what is the average number of bolts each worker tightened per minute?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 48

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following pairs is NOT a correct matching of an organism with its external symmetry classification? W) Heliozoan and spherical X) Crocodile and bilateral Y) Starfish and radial Z) Lobster and biradial

W: W) Heliozoan and spherical

X: X) Crocodile and bilateral

Y: Y) Starfish and radial

Z: Z) Lobster and biradial

Answer: Z) Z) Lobster and biradial

BONUS bio order

Place the following three locations in chronological order that a breath of air will pass through during human inhalation: 1) Larynx; 2) Pharynx; 3) Bronchi.

Choices:

  • Larynx
  • Pharynx
  • Bronchi

Correct Order:

  • 2
  • 1
  • 3

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following is the shortest amount of time? W) 5 microseconds X) 1 nanosecond Y) 2000 picoseconds Z) 15 milliseconds

W: W) 5 microseconds

X: X) 1 nanosecond

Y: Y) 2000 picoseconds

Z: Z) 15 milliseconds

Answer: X) X) 1 nanosecond

BONUS phys phrase

How much power, in watts, is used by a laptop computer with a 12-volt battery and a current draw of 5 amps?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 60