HS Sample Set 1, Round 10 from NSB

Questions in Packet

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

With which of the following does human interstitial fluid differ in concentration the most when compared with plasma? W) sodium ions X) potassium ions Y) magnesium ions Z) proteins

W: W) sodium ions

X: X) potassium ions

Y: Y) magnesium ions

Z: Z) proteins

Answer: Z) Z) proteins

BONUS bio phrase

What human organ produces the majority of immune complement proteins?

Acceptable Answers:

  • liver

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following is a diprotic acid: W) H₂C₂O₄ X) H₃PO₄ Y) HCl Z) HNO₂

W: W) H₂C₂O₄

X: X) H₃PO₄

Y: Y) HCl

Z: Z) HNO₂

Answer: W) W) H₂C₂O₄

BONUS chem multiple_choice

Which of the following statements is NOT true: W) an ideal gas cannot undergo condensation X) the less mass a particle has, the faster it will effuse Y) when a gas is compressed, its temperature always increases Z) a gas is easier to compress than a liquid

W: W) an ideal gas cannot undergo condensation

X: X) the less mass a particle has, the faster it will effuse

Y: Y) when a gas is compressed, its temperature always increases

Z: Z) a gas is easier to compress than a liquid

Answer: Y) Y) when a gas is compressed, its temperature always increases

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following BEST describes the most common functions for which most transistors are used: W) to switch on and off or amplify electronic signals X) to allow electric current to pass in only one direction while increasing or decreasing the voltage Y) to store electrical energy Z) to regulate the frequency of electrical sine waves

W: W) to switch on and off or amplify electronic signals

X: X) to allow electric current to pass in only one direction while increasing or decreasing the voltage

Y: Y) to store electrical energy

Z: Z) to regulate the frequency of electrical sine waves

Answer: W) W) to switch on and off or amplify electronic signals

BONUS phys multiple_choice

Which of the following is the abbreviated name of the most common field effect transistor in modern electronic circuitry: W) DET X) MOSFET Y) BJT Z) BFET

W: W) DET

X: X) MOSFET

Y: Y) BJT

Z: Z) BFET

Answer: X) X) MOSFET

TOSS-UP math phrase

Find the cotangent and cosecant, respectively, of a 90º angle:

Acceptable Answers:

  • cotangent = 0; cosecant = 1

BONUS math multiple_choice

Which of the following points is closest to the point (1, –2): W) (3, –5) X) (0, 3) Y) (3, 0) Z) (–5, –5)

W: W) (3, –5)

X: X) (0, 3)

Y: Y) (3, 0)

Z: Z) (–5, –5)

Answer: Y) Y) (3, 0)

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

In which of the following lakes in North America would you typically find a thriving community of halophiles and alkaliphiles: W) Lake Michigan X) Mono Lake, California Y) Great Slave Lake, Canada Z) Lake Powell, Utah/Arizona

W: W) Lake Michigan

X: X) Mono Lake, California

Y: Y) Great Slave Lake, Canada

Z: Z) Lake Powell, Utah/Arizona

Answer: X) X) Mono Lake, California

BONUS ess multiple_choice

Which of the following BEST explains why Mono Lake in California is hypersaline: W) it has no outlet and a high evaporation rate X) it is subject to extreme saltwater intrusion emanating from a vast system of underground aquifers Y) it is underlain by massive salt domes formed 250 million years ago Z) it has been subjected to periodic eruptions of volcanic ash

W: W) it has no outlet and a high evaporation rate

X: X) it is subject to extreme saltwater intrusion emanating from a vast system of underground aquifers

Y: Y) it is underlain by massive salt domes formed 250 million years ago

Z: Z) it has been subjected to periodic eruptions of volcanic ash

Answer: W) W) it has no outlet and a high evaporation rate

TOSS-UP general multiple_choice

Most VOC’s, or volatile organic compounds, are: W) hydrocarbons X) oxides Y) nitrogenous wastes Z) particulates

W: W) hydrocarbons

X: X) oxides

Y: Y) nitrogenous wastes

Z: Z) particulates

Answer: W) W) hydrocarbons

BONUS general phrase

A 25-microliter blood serum sample contains 50 micrograms of an enzyme. What is the enzyme concentration in parts per million?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 2000

TOSS-UP ess phrase

What specific class of stars was discovered by Henrietta Leavitt to have special properties that allowed it to be used in measuring long astronomical distances?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Cepheid variables

BONUS ess multiple_choice

Which of the following most directly addresses that a gas of low density, when excited, will emit light of a certain wavelength: W) Kirchhoff’s second law X) Bode’s second law Y) Wien’s law Z) Balmer’s law

W: W) Kirchhoff’s second law

X: X) Bode’s second law

Y: Y) Wien’s law

Z: Z) Balmer’s law

Answer: W) W) Kirchhoff’s second law

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following molecules would have the most peptide bonds: W) glycogen X) hemoglobin Y) lecithin Z) DNA

W: W) glycogen

X: X) hemoglobin

Y: Y) lecithin

Z: Z) DNA

Answer: X) X) hemoglobin

BONUS bio multiselect

Name all of the following 4 substances that would typically be considered exocrine products: insulin; pepsin; hemoglobin; epinephrine

Choices:

  • insulin
  • pepsin
  • hemoglobin
  • epinephrine

Correct Answers:

  • 2

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following would be LEAST applicable for determining the end point in a titration experiment: W) pH meter X) phenolphthalein solution Y) potentiometer Z) mass spectrometry

W: W) pH meter

X: X) phenolphthalein solution

Y: Y) potentiometer

Z: Z) mass spectrometry

Answer: Z) Z) mass spectrometry

BONUS chem multiple_choice

Which of the following gases will have the LOWEST freezing point: W) hydrogen X) water Y) helium Z) carbon dioxide

W: W) hydrogen

X: X) water

Y: Y) helium

Z: Z) carbon dioxide

Answer: Y) Y) helium

TOSS-UP phys phrase

By what factor will the gravitational attraction between two masses be multiplied, if the distance between their centers of mass remains the same, but the mass of one doubles?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 2

BONUS phys multiple_choice

Which of the following occurs when a glass tube is rubbed with a silk cloth: W) protons are transferred from the silk to the glass tube X) protons are transferred from the glass tube to the silk Y) electrons are transferred from the silk to the glass tube Z) electrons are transferred from the glass tube to the silk

W: W) protons are transferred from the silk to the glass tube

X: X) protons are transferred from the glass tube to the silk

Y: Y) electrons are transferred from the silk to the glass tube

Z: Z) electrons are transferred from the glass tube to the silk

Answer: Z) Z) electrons are transferred from the glass tube to the silk

TOSS-UP math phrase

What are the leading coefficient and degree, respectively, of the following polynomial: 3x² – 6x⁵ + 7

Acceptable Answers:

  • –6; 5

BONUS math phrase

The terminal side of angle θ in standard position passes through the point (–5, 12). Find the sine, cosine and tangent, in fractional form:

Acceptable Answers:

  • sin = 12/13; cos = –5/13; tan = –12/5

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following is both fluorescent and radioactive: W) calcite X) halite Y) talc Z) zircon

W: W) calcite

X: X) halite

Y: Y) talc

Z: Z) zircon

Answer: Z) Z) zircon

BONUS ess multiple_choice

Which of the following both have very similar chemical compositions but exhibit different colors: W) ruby and sapphire X) opal and pearl Y) diamond and quartz Z) amber and citrine

W: W) ruby and sapphire

X: X) opal and pearl

Y: Y) diamond and quartz

Z: Z) amber and citrine

Answer: W) W) ruby and sapphire

TOSS-UP general multiple_choice

Which of the following has the largest seasonal hypoxic zone in coastal waters of the western hemisphere: W) the Chesapeake Bay X) the Gulf of Maine Y) the Gulf of Mexico Z) Hudson Bay

W: W) the Chesapeake Bay

X: X) the Gulf of Maine

Y: Y) the Gulf of Mexico

Z: Z) Hudson Bay

Answer: Y) Y) the Gulf of Mexico

BONUS general multiple_choice

The hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico, and many other areas in the world, is largely caused by the influx of which of the following into waterways: W) phosphorous X) nitrogen Y) potassium Z) sulfur

W: W) phosphorous

X: X) nitrogen

Y: Y) potassium

Z: Z) sulfur

Answer: X) X) nitrogen

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following is NOT true of coronal mass ejections: W) they can lead to a loss in radio communications X) they can indirectly cause damage to electrical transformers Y) they typically will not damage space-based satellites Z) the next peak of ejections will likely be during the years 2010 to 2012

W: W) they can lead to a loss in radio communications

X: X) they can indirectly cause damage to electrical transformers

Y: Y) they typically will not damage space-based satellites

Z: Z) the next peak of ejections will likely be during the years 2010 to 2012

Answer: Y) Y) they typically will not damage space-based satellites

BONUS ess phrase

Choosing from upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right, where on the HR diagram would a blue Supergiant be found?

Acceptable Answers:

  • upper left

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What is the common name for the units in DNA to which phosphates are covalently linked?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ribose sugars
  • pentose sugars, sugars, deoxyribose sugars

BONUS bio multiple_choice

Which of the following is LEAST accurate regarding human genetics: W) genes from gametes are typically unchanged during their passage to the zygote X) the zygote gets 1 allele from each parental gene pair Y) all genes independently segregate Z) the number of copies of a particular gene can vary among individuals

W: W) genes from gametes are typically unchanged during their passage to the zygote

X: X) the zygote gets 1 allele from each parental gene pair

Y: Y) all genes independently segregate

Z: Z) the number of copies of a particular gene can vary among individuals

Answer: Y) Y) all genes independently segregate

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following is a substance that is very reactive with the oxygen in air and must be stored under water or some other substance to keep it from becoming incendiary: W) fullerene X) white phosphorous Y) calcium fluoride Z) calcium oxide

W: W) fullerene

X: X) white phosphorous

Y: Y) calcium fluoride

Z: Z) calcium oxide

Answer: X) X) white phosphorous

BONUS chem multiple_choice

Which of the following best describes the catalyst in the destruction of ozone by chlorofluorocarbons: W) homogeneous X) heterogeneous Y) enzymatic Z) autocatalytic

W: W) homogeneous

X: X) heterogeneous

Y: Y) enzymatic

Z: Z) autocatalytic

Answer: W) W) homogeneous

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following BEST describes how and why electrical resistance is related to temperature: W) as temperature increases, resistance decreases because electrons move faster X) as temperature increases, resistance decreases because electrons are lost from the conductor Y) as temperature increases, resistance increases because protons move faster Z) as temperature increases, resistance increases because atoms vibrate more, increasing electron scattering

W: W) as temperature increases, resistance decreases because electrons move faster

X: X) as temperature increases, resistance decreases because electrons are lost from the conductor

Y: Y) as temperature increases, resistance increases because protons move faster

Z: Z) as temperature increases, resistance increases because atoms vibrate more, increasing electron scattering

Answer: Z) Z) as temperature increases, resistance increases because atoms vibrate more, increasing electron scattering

BONUS phys phrase

A 10-kilogram hay bale is raised to 5 meters above a barn floor and is then lowered to 4 meters below the floor. Relative to its starting position on the floor, what is the final gravitational potential energy of the bale, in joules, if g is rounded to the first decimal place?

Acceptable Answers:

  • –392

TOSS-UP math phrase

Identify the type of conic section represented by the equation, x² – 16y² = 64:

Acceptable Answers:

  • hyperbola

BONUS math phrase

Giving your answer in millimeters squared, find the lateral surface area of a right pentagonal prism whose altitude is 12 millimeters and base has sides of length 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 millimeters, respectively:

Acceptable Answers:

  • 720

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Aeolian sandstones are produced primarily by sand grain motion as a result of: W) river currents X) ocean currents Y) glacial transports Z) winds

W: W) river currents

X: X) ocean currents

Y: Y) glacial transports

Z: Z) winds

Answer: Z) Z) winds

BONUS ess multiple_choice

According to the Continental Drift Theory, Australia remained attached to Antarctica until the 2 entities drifted apart about how many million years ago: W) 80 X) 120 Y) 250 Z) 350

W: W) 80

X: X) 120

Y: Y) 250

Z: Z) 350

Answer: W) W) 80

TOSS-UP general multiple_choice

From which of the following sources is the food additive carrageenan derived: W) petroleum X) seaweed Y) corn husks Z) yarrow root

W: W) petroleum

X: X) seaweed

Y: Y) corn husks

Z: Z) yarrow root

Answer: X) X) seaweed

BONUS general phrase

When emissions of nitrogen oxides and VOC’s react in the presence of sunlight, what ground-level pollutant is formed?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ozone

TOSS-UP ess phrase

What 2 planets of our solar system are most alike in elemental makeup to the solar nebula?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Jupiter; Saturn

BONUS ess order

Order the following 4 stars from the HOTTEST to the COOLEST: K-3; K-2; B-7; M-10

Choices:

  • K-3
  • K-2
  • B-7
  • M-10

Correct Order:

  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 4

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What is the specific type of protein from which spindle fibers are composed?

Acceptable Answers:

  • tubulin

BONUS bio multiselect

Name all of the following 4 diseases that are caused by protists: botulism; rabies; typhoid fever; toxoplasmosis

Choices:

  • botulism
  • rabies
  • typhoid fever
  • toxoplasmosis

Correct Answers:

  • 4

TOSS-UP chem phrase

What is the most common term for the direct addition of water to an alkene to make an alcohol?

Acceptable Answers:

  • hydration

BONUS chem phrase

Under constant temperatures, a sample of gas at a pressure of 120 kilopascals is allowed to expand from 2 liters to 8 liters. Calculate the new pressure, in kilopascals:

Acceptable Answers:

  • 30

TOSS-UP phys phrase

Which of the 4 basic forces of the universe is most directly related to the ability of various metals to be hammered and formed into various shapes?

Acceptable Answers:

  • electromagnetic

BONUS phys phrase

Given that the speed of sound at 0ºC at sea level in dry air is 331 meters per second, what is the speed of sound through dry air at sea level, giving your answer in proper SI units rounded to the nearest whole number, if the temperature of the air is 12°C?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 338 meters per second

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What class of immunoglobulins is most directly responsible for hay fever and common allergies in humans?

Acceptable Answers:

  • IgE

BONUS bio multiselect

Name all of the following 4 cells that typically possess mitochondria: erythrocytes; plasma cells; lymphocytes; neurons

Choices:

  • erythrocytes
  • plasma cells
  • lymphocytes
  • neurons

Correct Answers:

  • 2
  • 3
  • 4