HS Sample Set 3, Round 16 from NSB
Human skin pigmentation and height may vary greatly and are probably controlled by multiple genes. This is an example most specifically of: W) pleiotropy X) polygenic inheritance Y) epistasis Z) incomplete codominance
W: W) pleiotropy
X: X) polygenic inheritance
Y: Y) epistasis
Z: Z) incomplete codominance
Answer: X) X) polygenic inheritance
There are more possible antibodies to antigens than there are genes that code for these antibodies in the human genome. Which of the following BEST accounts for this: W) genes mutate constantly in B cells X) genes for antibodies are spliced together from different chromosomal loci Y) antibodies have large amounts of cross reactivity with various antigens Z) antibodies are only specific for certain parts of an antigen
W: W) genes mutate constantly in B cells
X: X) genes for antibodies are spliced together from different chromosomal loci
Y: Y) antibodies have large amounts of cross reactivity with various antigens
Z: Z) antibodies are only specific for certain parts of an antigen
Answer: X) X) genes for antibodies are spliced together from different chromosomal loci
Which of the following is NOT true about amino acids: W) amino acids exist primarily as zwitterions X) amino acids are amphoteric Y) an amino acid becomes neutral at its isoelectric point Z) tryptophan and cysteine contain sulfur atoms in their side chains
W: W) amino acids exist primarily as zwitterions
X: X) amino acids are amphoteric
Y: Y) an amino acid becomes neutral at its isoelectric point
Z: Z) tryptophan and cysteine contain sulfur atoms in their side chains
Answer: Z) Z) tryptophan and cysteine contain sulfur atoms in their side chains
Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing bond length: C−C; C=C; C≡C; C–H.
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The discovery of the cosmic background radiation was originally done with: W) the Hubble space telescope X) the Arecibo radio telescope Y) a ground-based horn-shaped microwave antenna Z) a microwave receiver in a high altitude hot air balloon
W: W) the Hubble space telescope
X: X) the Arecibo radio telescope
Y: Y) a ground-based horn-shaped microwave antenna
Z: Z) a microwave receiver in a high altitude hot air balloon
Answer: Y) Y) a ground-based horn-shaped microwave antenna
Which of the following recently gave what many think as irrefutable evidence for the existence of dark matter: W) the discovery of gravitational waves at the LIGO facility at Pacific Northwest National Lab X) Chandra X-ray images of hot gases during a violent merger of the “bullet cluster” of galaxies Y) creation of quark-gluon plasma at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Z) the finding that neutrinos account for more mass of the universe than all the stars in the universe
W: W) the discovery of gravitational waves at the LIGO facility at Pacific Northwest National Lab
X: X) Chandra X-ray images of hot gases during a violent merger of the “bullet cluster” of galaxies
Y: Y) creation of quark-gluon plasma at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Z: Z) the finding that neutrinos account for more mass of the universe than all the stars in the universe
Answer: X) X) Chandra X-ray images of hot gases during a violent merger of the “bullet cluster” of galaxies
Differentiate the following trigonometric function: $$f(x) = \sin(x^2)$$
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Which of the following is closest to the area of a triangle whose sides are \(a=10\), \(b=12\) and \(c=18\): W) 57 X) 81 Y) 90 Z) 108
W: W) 57
X: X) 81
Y: Y) 90
Z: Z) 108
Answer: W) W) 57
Reverse faults commonly form as a result of which of the following tectonic forces: W) tensional X) transform Y) shear Z) compressive
W: W) tensional
X: X) transform
Y: Y) shear
Z: Z) compressive
Answer: Z) Z) compressive
Which of the following is an ocean current that predominately travels in an easterly direction: W) the Labrador Current X) the North Equatorial Current Y) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Z) the South Equatorial Current
W: W) the Labrador Current
X: X) the North Equatorial Current
Y: Y) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Z: Z) the South Equatorial Current
Answer: Y) Y) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Which of the following is TRUE: W) neutrinos released from Fermi National Lab in Illinois have been detected by an underground facility in Minnesota X) the European Space Agency’s Planck Surveyor recently confirmed a critical postulate of string theory Y) baryonic matter accounts for most of the mass of the universe Z) the LISA detector recently detected gravitational waves from 2 colliding black holes
W: W) neutrinos released from Fermi National Lab in Illinois have been detected by an underground facility in Minnesota
X: X) the European Space Agency’s Planck Surveyor recently confirmed a critical postulate of string theory
Y: Y) baryonic matter accounts for most of the mass of the universe
Z: Z) the LISA detector recently detected gravitational waves from 2 colliding black holes
Answer: W) W) neutrinos released from Fermi National Lab in Illinois have been detected by an underground facility in Minnesota
Your boat has a true course of 88°, the variation is 18° west, and the deviation is 12° west. What is your compass course, in degrees?
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Which of the following is TRUE: W) the far side of the Moon from Earth has more large maria than the near side X) the next sunspot minimum is expected in 2008 Y) the declination of the Sun during the winter solstice is 23.5° north Z) B-type stars have strong absorption lines for neutral helium
W: W) the far side of the Moon from Earth has more large maria than the near side
X: X) the next sunspot minimum is expected in 2008
Y: Y) the declination of the Sun during the winter solstice is 23.5° north
Z: Z) B-type stars have strong absorption lines for neutral helium
Answer: Z) Z) B-type stars have strong absorption lines for neutral helium
Which of the following is the BEST description of a Cepheid variable star: W) a pulsating variable varying in brightness in a very regular time period of 1 to 50 days X) a short pulsating variable with a very regular period of 1 to 4 minutes Y) a binary star system with an eclipsing partner Z) a small K-type star with a very regular period of 1 to 3 weeks
W: W) a pulsating variable varying in brightness in a very regular time period of 1 to 50 days
X: X) a short pulsating variable with a very regular period of 1 to 4 minutes
Y: Y) a binary star system with an eclipsing partner
Z: Z) a small K-type star with a very regular period of 1 to 3 weeks
Answer: W) W) a pulsating variable varying in brightness in a very regular time period of 1 to 50 days
Which of the following was a technique invented by Meselson and Stahl in their classic experiments to support the theory of semiconservative replication: W) radiolabeling of DNA X) density gradient centrifugation Y) electrophoresis Z) autoradiography
W: W) radiolabeling of DNA
X: X) density gradient centrifugation
Y: Y) electrophoresis
Z: Z) autoradiography
Answer: X) X) density gradient centrifugation
If a solution of phospholipids were dropped into a non-polar liquid, which of the following would MOST likely happen: W) the fatty acid tails would be stripped from the phosphate heads X) the phospholipids would mix evenly in the non-polar liquid Y) micelles would form with polar heads on the outside Z) micelles would form with polar heads on the inside
W: W) the fatty acid tails would be stripped from the phosphate heads
X: X) the phospholipids would mix evenly in the non-polar liquid
Y: Y) micelles would form with polar heads on the outside
Z: Z) micelles would form with polar heads on the inside
Answer: Z) Z) micelles would form with polar heads on the inside
Which of the following fatty acids has the HIGHEST melting point: W) an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid X) an 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid Y) an 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid Z) a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid
W: W) an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid
X: X) an 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid
Y: Y) an 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid
Z: Z) a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid
Answer: W) W) an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid
Consider an acid solution whose density is 1.5 g/cm³ and which is 30% acid by mass. Find the volume, in milliliters, of the acid solution that is needed to contain 90 g of acid.
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Generally, physicists cannot use light to explore the composition of the subatomic world since light wavelengths are too long. Which of the following do they MOST often resort to as a tool of probing the nature of the atomic nucleus: W) high energy gamma-rays X) high energy charged particles Y) tunneling microscopes Z) ultrasonic analysis
W: W) high energy gamma-rays
X: X) high energy charged particles
Y: Y) tunneling microscopes
Z: Z) ultrasonic analysis
Answer: X) X) high energy charged particles
Name all of the following particles that are hadrons: 1) neutron; 2) proton; 3) positron; 4) antiproton
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Which of the following is NOT true: W) a function’s graph may intersect one of its horizontal asymptotes X) a function’s graph may intersect one of its vertical asymptotes Y) the identity function \(f(x)=x\) is its own inverse Z) the function \(f(x)=-x\) is its own inverse
W: W) a function’s graph may intersect one of its horizontal asymptotes
X: X) a function’s graph may intersect one of its vertical asymptotes
Y: Y) the identity function \(f(x)=x\) is its own inverse
Z: Z) the function \(f(x)=-x\) is its own inverse
Answer: X) X) a function’s graph may intersect one of its vertical asymptotes
If the 1st term of an arithmetic sequence is 4 and the 20th term is 156, what are the first five terms in the sequence?
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Which of the following is considered an activator of fluorescence because when present in small concentrations it usually causes a ruby crystal to fluoresce a bright deep red: W) iron X) chromium Y) nickel Z) copper
W: W) iron
X: X) chromium
Y: Y) nickel
Z: Z) copper
Answer: X) X) chromium
Termed Yedoma in Siberia, what is the name for the windblown dust that was deposited during the glacial age and covers more than 1 million km² of the north plains of Siberia and Central Alaska?
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The famous hominid skeleton called Lucy has been dated to be how many years old: W) 100 thousand years X) 500 thousand years Y) 1.6 million years Z) 3.2 million years
W: W) 100 thousand years
X: X) 500 thousand years
Y: Y) 1.6 million years
Z: Z) 3.2 million years
Answer: Z) Z) 3.2 million years
Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate: W) a U.S. barrel of crude oil is 42 gallons X) one barrel of U.S. crude oil typically yields about 20 gallons of motor gasoline Y) the distillation step in crude oil refinement typically eliminates nearly all the sulfur Z) a U.S. barrel of crude oil can yield more than 44 gallons of petroleum products
W: W) a U.S. barrel of crude oil is 42 gallons
X: X) one barrel of U.S. crude oil typically yields about 20 gallons of motor gasoline
Y: Y) the distillation step in crude oil refinement typically eliminates nearly all the sulfur
Z: Z) a U.S. barrel of crude oil can yield more than 44 gallons of petroleum products
Answer: Y) Y) the distillation step in crude oil refinement typically eliminates nearly all the sulfur
Which of the following is LEAST accurate: W) the Sun’s corona is hotter than both the photosphere and the chromosphere X) the Crab nebula is a remnant of a supernova that collapsed in the year 1054 Y) equinoxes are points on the celestial sphere where the celestial equator is intersected by the ecliptic Z) epicycles were employed by Ptolemy to explain retrograde motion in planets
W: W) the Sun’s corona is hotter than both the photosphere and the chromosphere
X: X) the Crab nebula is a remnant of a supernova that collapsed in the year 1054
Y: Y) equinoxes are points on the celestial sphere where the celestial equator is intersected by the ecliptic
Z: Z) epicycles were employed by Ptolemy to explain retrograde motion in planets
Answer: X) X) the Crab nebula is a remnant of a supernova that collapsed in the year 1054
Which of the following is LEAST likely true about gamma ray bursts: W) they are extremely powerful emissions of energy X) they are probably often associated with black holes Y) they probably result from a neutron star merging with a black hole Z) they typically last less than a hundredth of a second
W: W) they are extremely powerful emissions of energy
X: X) they are probably often associated with black holes
Y: Y) they probably result from a neutron star merging with a black hole
Z: Z) they typically last less than a hundredth of a second
Answer: Z) Z) they typically last less than a hundredth of a second
Which of the following is MOST directly involved in the motility and intercellular signaling in T-cells: W) filamentous actin X) 200-nanometer myosin fibrils Y) cathepsin-myosin complexes Z) microvilli
W: W) filamentous actin
X: X) 200-nanometer myosin fibrils
Y: Y) cathepsin-myosin complexes
Z: Z) microvilli
Answer: W) W) filamentous actin
Which of the following is NOT true of micro RNA in eukaryotes: W) they regulate gene expression X) they target homologous sequences in mRNA Y) they are small polypeptide-coding sequences Z) they are transcribed by RNA polymerase two
W: W) they regulate gene expression
X: X) they target homologous sequences in mRNA
Y: Y) they are small polypeptide-coding sequences
Z: Z) they are transcribed by RNA polymerase two
Answer: Y) Y) they are small polypeptide-coding sequences
In which of the following reversible gas reactions does the value of \(K_p = K_c\): W) \(A + B \leftrightarrow C\) X) \(2A + B \leftrightarrow C + D\) Y) \(A + B \leftrightarrow C + D\) Z) \(A \leftrightarrow B + C\)
W: W) \(A + B \leftrightarrow C\)
X: X) \(2A + B \leftrightarrow C + D\)
Y: Y) \(A + B \leftrightarrow C + D\)
Z: Z) \(A \leftrightarrow B + C\)
Answer: Y) Y) \(A + B \leftrightarrow C + D\)
How many milliliters of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid are required to neutralize 50 mL of a 0.1 M strontium hydroxide solution?
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As temperatures get higher in the early universe, Grand Unified Theories typically unify first which three of the four fundamental forces? 1) electromagnetic; 2) strong; 3) weak; 4) gravity
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Many physicists are highly critical of the rationale that seeks to explain phenomena of the universe by indicating that, if things had been otherwise, life and humans would not exist. This is MOST commonly known as what principle?
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Giving your answer as up, down, left, or right, if \(a>0\), which way does the parabola given by the equation \(x = -a(y-k)^2 + h\) open?
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Find the following indefinite integral: \(\displaystyle \int (3\sin x + 5\cos x)\,dx\)
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Most banded iron formations found today began to form about how many years ago: W) 2.5 billion years X) 500 million years Y) 5 million years Z) 100 000 years
W: W) 2.5 billion years
X: X) 500 million years
Y: Y) 5 million years
Z: Z) 100 000 years
Answer: W) W) 2.5 billion years
Also known as fall-stripes, precipitation falling from the undersurface of a cloud but not reaching the ground is known as: W) virga X) fog Y) Rossby waves Z) fans
W: W) virga
X: X) fog
Y: Y) Rossby waves
Z: Z) fans
Answer: W) W) virga
Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate: W) angina is chest pain X) catalytic converters require unleaded fuels to run properly Y) citrus canker is caused by a fungus Z) long-period comets are believed to originate in the Oort cloud
W: W) angina is chest pain
X: X) catalytic converters require unleaded fuels to run properly
Y: Y) citrus canker is caused by a fungus
Z: Z) long-period comets are believed to originate in the Oort cloud
Answer: Y) Y) citrus canker is caused by a fungus
Name all of the following pathways that are considered major risks for the movement of H5N1 virus throughout the world: 1) poultry shipments; 2) contaminated poultry equipment; 3) migratory birds; 4) infected humans
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The abundance of what element in T-Tauri stars is the best indication that they are young stars?
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Name all of the following instruments that have been used to help understand the critical density of our universe: COBE; WMAP; BOOMERANG
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What is the primary target organ of luteinizing hormone in the human male?
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Name all of the following plant types that are specifically adapted to arid environments with bright Sun: 1) C4 plants; 2) CAM plants; 3) C3 plants
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Identify, by chemical formula, the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent, respectively, for the following reaction: \(\mathrm{SiCl_4} + 2\,\mathrm{Mg} \to 2\,\mathrm{MgCl_2} + \mathrm{Si}\)
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What is the molar mass of a gas, in grams per mole to the nearest whole number, if it has a density of 0.50 g/L at 400 K and 1 atm?
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If a 100-kilogram bear climbs from the bottom to the top of a vertical 10-meter tree in 10 seconds, what is the bear’s average power output, in watts?
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Two masses are hung in a physics lab on a weightless string over a frictionless pulley. If the masses are released from rest and mass #1 = 1 kg and mass #2 = 2 kg, what is the acceleration, to the first decimal place, of mass #1 and in what direction?
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What protein is the primary component of the thick filaments seen in a cross section of a sarcomere’s myofilaments?
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To what specific protein do calcium ions bind directly leading to muscle contraction in striated human muscle?
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