HS Sample Set 8, Round 9 from NSB
The velocity of particles in the solar wind is closest to which of the following? W) 300 meters per second X) 3 kilometers per second Y) 30 kilometers per second Z) 300 kilometers per second
W: W) 300 meters per second
X: X) 3 kilometers per second
Y: Y) 30 kilometers per second
Z: Z) 300 kilometers per second
Answer: Z) Z) 300 kilometers per second
Which of the following has a shale protolith? W) Quartzite X) Serpentinite Y) Gneiss Z) Gabbro
W: W) Quartzite
X: X) Serpentinite
Y: Y) Gneiss
Z: Z) Gabbro
Answer: Y) Y) Gneiss
In a particular bird population, individuals that lay too many or too few eggs are less likely to survive and reproduce. Which of the following terms best describes this pattern of natural selection? W) Directional selection X) Stabilizing selection Y) Disruptive selection Z) Negative-frequency-dependent selection
W: W) Directional selection
X: X) Stabilizing selection
Y: Y) Disruptive selection
Z: Z) Negative-frequency-dependent selection
Answer: X) X) Stabilizing selection
Spongiform encephalopathies, such as scrapie, mad cow disease, and kuru, are produced after exposure to what general group of infectious agents?
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How many 4-digit numbers contain the same digits as 2014?
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Convert 120 in base 10 to hexadecimal.
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What would be the total kinetic energy of an object rolling down a ramp with no slippage? W) ½ M V² X) ½ I ω² Y) ½ M V² + ½ I ω² Z) 0
W: W) ½ M V²
X: X) ½ I ω²
Y: Y) ½ M V² + ½ I ω²
Z: Z) 0
Answer: Y) Y) ½ M V² + ½ I ω²
What general type of nuclear reactor generates more fissile material than it consumes?
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What values in quantum systems are used to describe conserved quantities that tend to take on integer or half-integer values, examples of which are spin, azimuthal, and parity?
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A cannonball is shot vertically upward from ground level with an initial speed of 100 m/s. Approximating g as 10 m/s² and ignoring air resistance, what is the maximum height, in meters, that the cannonball reaches?
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Which of the following acts as a Lewis acid in the presence of water to form carbonic acid? W) Carbon dioxide X) Methane Y) Methanol Z) Formic acid
W: W) Carbon dioxide
X: X) Methane
Y: Y) Methanol
Z: Z) Formic acid
Answer: W) W) Carbon dioxide
Identify all of the following four compounds that would function as soluble electrolytes when added to water: 1) Sodium chloride 2) Decane 3) Acetic acid 4) Barium sulfate
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Spectroscopic binaries are easiest to detect when W) The stars are of the same spectral class X) The orbit is viewed edge-on Y) The orbit is wide Z) The orbit is viewed face-on
W: W) The stars are of the same spectral class
X: X) The orbit is viewed edge-on
Y: Y) The orbit is wide
Z: Z) The orbit is viewed face-on
Answer: X) X) The orbit is viewed edge-on
The largest supermassive black holes are found in W) Irregular galaxies X) Spiral galaxies Y) Elliptical galaxies Z) Lenticular galaxies
W: W) Irregular galaxies
X: X) Spiral galaxies
Y: Y) Elliptical galaxies
Z: Z) Lenticular galaxies
Answer: Y) Y) Elliptical galaxies
Which of the following is an isotope that has attracted recent interest in terms of developing a new generation of cleaner, proliferation-resistant nuclear power? W) Uranium-235 X) Thorium-232 Y) Plutonium-239 Z) Uranium-238
W: W) Uranium-235
X: X) Thorium-232
Y: Y) Plutonium-239
Z: Z) Uranium-238
Answer: X) X) Thorium-232
What is the efficiency of a Carnot engine transferring heat from a reservoir at 500 K to a cold reservoir at 200 K?
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A basketball player makes 6 baskets during a game, each worth 2 or 3 points. How many different possible values exist for the total points scored by the player?
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In a universe with strange and unforeseen geometric relationships, the area of a circle is given by \(\displaystyle \frac{(1 + r)^2}{\pi}\), with \(\pi = 2\). In the universe described, what is the radius of a circle with an area of 200?
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Venturi tubes measure the speed of gas flow via application of what rule or principle of fluid dynamics?
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How many total degrees of freedom does a diatomic gas have?
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Which of the following would be least likely to be a life history trait of an r-selected organism? W) Strong competitive ability X) Rapid development Y) Early reproductive age Z) Found in disturbed habitats
W: W) Strong competitive ability
X: X) Rapid development
Y: Y) Early reproductive age
Z: Z) Found in disturbed habitats
Answer: W) W) Strong competitive ability
What is the term for a fluid-filled cavity formed within the mesoderm in triploblastic animals?
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Rank, by name or number, the following three ionic compounds in terms of increasing lattice energy, from the lowest to the highest: 1) Magnesium oxide 2) Sodium chloride 3) Sodium fluoride
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Of the nonradioactive halides found in natural abundance, which is the strongest reducing agent?
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What is the name of the type of curve that is formed when a piece of rope is hung between two points?
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Provide all of the following three points that lie on the graph of the function \(y = 2\sin\bigl(\tfrac{x}{2}\bigr)\): 1) \((0,2)\) 2) \((\pi,2)\) 3) \((2\pi,0)\)
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A truck moving at 50 m/s begins to brake, which applies a constant force of 1000 N. The truck rolls 20 m before stopping. In joules, what is the initial kinetic energy of the truck?
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Which of the following quarks does NOT have an electric charge of +2/3? W) Up X) Strange Y) Charm Z) Top
W: W) Up
X: X) Strange
Y: Y) Charm
Z: Z) Top
Answer: X) X) Strange
Which of the following is not a polymorph of silica? W) Cristobalite X) Stishovite Y) Wadsleyite Z) Quartz
W: W) Cristobalite
X: X) Stishovite
Y: Y) Wadsleyite
Z: Z) Quartz
Answer: Y) Y) Wadsleyite
Clays such as kaolinite form when H⁺ ions combine with which of the following? W) Sulfur compounds X) Pre-existing minerals, such as feldspars Y) Carbon dioxide Z) Primordial water emitted directly from volcanic eruptions
W: W) Sulfur compounds
X: X) Pre-existing minerals, such as feldspars
Y: Y) Carbon dioxide
Z: Z) Primordial water emitted directly from volcanic eruptions
Answer: X) X) Pre-existing minerals, such as feldspars
The solubility of a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent is typically expressed in units of concentration. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the solubility of a gas in a liquid? W) Volume of the liquid X) Temperature of the liquid Y) Pressure of the gas Z) Polarity of solvent and solute molecules
W: W) Volume of the liquid
X: X) Temperature of the liquid
Y: Y) Pressure of the gas
Z: Z) Polarity of solvent and solute molecules
Answer: W) W) Volume of the liquid
How many moles of O₂ are required to completely combust 1 mole of pentane?
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Which of the following animal respiratory pigments does not contain iron? W) Hemoglobin X) Hemoerythrin Y) Myoglobin Z) Hemocyanin
W: W) Hemoglobin
X: X) Hemoerythrin
Y: Y) Myoglobin
Z: Z) Hemocyanin
Answer: Z) Z) Hemocyanin
Which of the following functions is least important in the open circulatory system of insects? W) Delivery of nutrients X) Delivery of oxygen Y) Circulation of immune cells Z) Movement of signaling molecules
W: W) Delivery of nutrients
X: X) Delivery of oxygen
Y: Y) Circulation of immune cells
Z: Z) Movement of signaling molecules
Answer: X) X) Delivery of oxygen
In general, there are three types of compensation agreements for electricity generated using distributed generation, such as solar photovoltaic. All of the following are examples, except: W) Rate allocation X) Feed-in tariff (FIT) Y) Net metering Z) Power purchase agreement
W: W) Rate allocation
X: X) Feed-in tariff (FIT)
Y: Y) Net metering
Z: Z) Power purchase agreement
Answer: W) W) Rate allocation
Quartz clocks use a crystal oscillator that generates regularly timed electric pulses to keep track of time. What is the name of the effect through which crystals such as quartz can accumulate electric charges?
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Which of the following is NOT true about geothermal gradients? W) The gradient beneath continent crust is less steep than under oceanic crust X) They vary with tectonic environments Y) They are largely determined by the way that pressure and temperature vary in the Earth Z) The “normal” geothermal gradient in the upper part of Earth is 25 °C/km
W: W) The gradient beneath continent crust is less steep than under oceanic crust
X: X) They vary with tectonic environments
Y: Y) They are largely determined by the way that pressure and temperature vary in the Earth
Z: Z) The “normal” geothermal gradient in the upper part of Earth is 25 °C/km
Answer: W) W) The gradient beneath continent crust is less steep than under oceanic crust
The blue color found in a blue schist rock occurs due to what mineral?
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If the equations 2x + 8 = 4 and ax – 30 = –22 have the same solution for x, what is the value of a?
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What value of x satisfies the equation \[ 27^{6 - x} = 9^{x - 1}\,? \]
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What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of bicarbonate and hydronium ions from CO₂ and H₂O? W) Carbonic anhydrase X) Carbonic carboxylase Y) Carbonic decarboxylase Z) Carbonic dehydrogenase
W: W) Carbonic anhydrase
X: X) Carbonic carboxylase
Y: Y) Carbonic decarboxylase
Z: Z) Carbonic dehydrogenase
Answer: W) W) Carbonic anhydrase
Which of the following brain regions is incorrectly matched with its function? W) Medulla oblongata regulates breathing X) Pons regulates breath holding Y) Cerebellum integrates sensory systems Z) Hippocampus allows two brain hemispheres to communicate with each other
W: W) Medulla oblongata regulates breathing
X: X) Pons regulates breath holding
Y: Y) Cerebellum integrates sensory systems
Z: Z) Hippocampus allows two brain hemispheres to communicate with each other
Answer: Z) Z) Hippocampus allows two brain hemispheres to communicate with each other
The standard enthalpy and entropy of a hypothetical reaction are both positive. Assuming these values are constant with temperature, which of the following statements describes the temperature dependence of the spontaneity of the reaction? W) Spontaneous at all temperatures X) Nonspontaneous at all temperatures Y) Spontaneous at high temperatures but nonspontaneous at low temperatures Z) Spontaneous at low temperatures but nonspontaneous at high temperatures
W: W) Spontaneous at all temperatures
X: X) Nonspontaneous at all temperatures
Y: Y) Spontaneous at high temperatures but nonspontaneous at low temperatures
Z: Z) Spontaneous at low temperatures but nonspontaneous at high temperatures
Answer: Y) Y) Spontaneous at high temperatures but nonspontaneous at low temperatures
Identify all of the following three reactions that would result in a precipitate: 1) Addition of barium nitrate and sodium sulfate 2) Addition of aluminum nitrate and zinc sulfate 3) Addition of sodium hydroxide and ammonium sulfate
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A gold leaf electroscope is negatively charged by touching it with a negatively charged conductor. You then bring a positively charged glass rod close to, but not touching, the top of the electroscope. Which of the following occurs? W) The leaves do not move X) The leaves spread further apart Y) The leaves get closer together Z) The leaves first spread further apart, then move closer together
W: W) The leaves do not move
X: X) The leaves spread further apart
Y: Y) The leaves get closer together
Z: Z) The leaves first spread further apart, then move closer together
Answer: Y) Y) The leaves get closer together
Indicate, by number, all of the following four particles that are acted upon by gravity: 1) Electron 2) Photon 3) Neutrino 4) Top quark
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