HS Sample Set 7, Round 11 from NSB
Different cell junctions are used to connect neighboring cells as needed for their functions. Which of the following options describes a situation that is utilizing desmosomes? W) In developing embryos, ions can travel through a pore connecting the two membranes of adjacent cells to permit rapid cell communication X) Muscle cells are joined to form a sturdy sheet Y) Skin cells are joined to make a barrier impervious to even water Z) In a plant cell, small solutes in the cytoplasm will travel from cell to cell
W: W) In developing embryos, ions can travel through a pore connecting the two membranes of adjacent cells to permit rapid cell communication
X: X) Muscle cells are joined to form a sturdy sheet
Y: Y) Skin cells are joined to make a barrier impervious to even water
Z: Z) In a plant cell, small solutes in the cytoplasm will travel from cell to cell
Answer: X) X) Muscle cells are joined to form a sturdy sheet
During DNA replication, which of the following enzymes is mismatched to its function? W) DNA helicase: unwinds DNA strands X) DNA primase: creates DNA primer to start replication Y) DNA polymerase: joins nucleotides together Z) Single strand binding protein: prevents parental DNA strands from re-annealing
W: W) DNA helicase: unwinds DNA strands
X: X) DNA primase: creates DNA primer to start replication
Y: Y) DNA polymerase: joins nucleotides together
Z: Z) Single strand binding protein: prevents parental DNA strands from re-annealing
Answer: X) X) DNA primase: creates DNA primer to start replication
The following gases are all at standard temperature and pressure. Which of the following gases will have the fastest root mean square speed? W) Helium X) Molecular nitrogen Y) Molecular oxygen Z) Sulfur dioxide
W: W) Helium
X: X) Molecular nitrogen
Y: Y) Molecular oxygen
Z: Z) Sulfur dioxide
Answer: W) W) Helium
If the pKa of a weak acid is 4.74, what is the pKb of its conjugate base?
Acceptable Answers:
Find the sum of the infinite geometric series with first three terms 1/4, 1/16, and 1/64.
Acceptable Answers:
The series with nth term \((-1)^n / n\) is which of the following? W) Divergent and unbounded X) Divergent and bounded from above only Y) Divergent and bounded Z) Convergent and bounded
W: W) Divergent and unbounded
X: X) Divergent and bounded from above only
Y: Y) Divergent and bounded
Z: Z) Convergent and bounded
Answer: Z) Z) Convergent and bounded
Volatile fossil fuels tend to have low carbon to hydrogen ratios. Which of the following fossil fuels is the most volatile? W) Coal X) Ethane Y) Methane Z) Petroleum
W: W) Coal
X: X) Ethane
Y: Y) Methane
Z: Z) Petroleum
Answer: Y) Y) Methane
Rank the following four fuels in terms of carbon dioxide intensity, from least to greatest: 1) coal, 2) natural gas, 3) ethanol, 4) biomass.
Choices:
Correct Order:
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Gulf of Maine? W) It is highly fertile X) A gyre circulates nutrients and pollution through the Gulf Y) It is among the deepest gulfs in the world Z) It is sub-arctic, but has a wide range in water temperature
W: W) It is highly fertile
X: X) A gyre circulates nutrients and pollution through the Gulf
Y: Y) It is among the deepest gulfs in the world
Z: Z) It is sub-arctic, but has a wide range in water temperature
Answer: Y) Y) It is among the deepest gulfs in the world
Which of the following natural phenomena are associated with a patterned seasonal occurrence that ranges from May 15 to November 30? W) East Pacific Ocean hurricane season X) Continental U.S. tornado season Y) North Indian Ocean typhoon season Z) American Southwest monsoon season
W: W) East Pacific Ocean hurricane season
X: X) Continental U.S. tornado season
Y: Y) North Indian Ocean typhoon season
Z: Z) American Southwest monsoon season
Answer: W) W) East Pacific Ocean hurricane season
Which of the following is NOT a step in balancing a redox reaction in an acidic solution? W) Write the unbalanced net ionic equation X) Determine which atoms are oxidized and which atoms are reduced Y) Balance each half-reaction for O by adding hydroxide (OH⁻) to the side with less oxygen Z) Balance each half-reaction for H by adding H⁺ to the side with less H
W: W) Write the unbalanced net ionic equation
X: X) Determine which atoms are oxidized and which atoms are reduced
Y: Y) Balance each half-reaction for O by adding hydroxide (OH⁻) to the side with less oxygen
Z: Z) Balance each half-reaction for H by adding H⁺ to the side with less H
Answer: Y) Y) Balance each half-reaction for O by adding hydroxide (OH⁻) to the side with less oxygen
When a certain powder is mixed into a solution of silver nitrate, a white precipitate forms. When the powder is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide, bubbles form, which produce a noxious odor. These bubbles, when bubbled into a solution of nickel (II) hydroxide, produce a drastic color change from green to dark blue. What is the identity of this powder?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is NOT an example of substrate-level phosphorylation in cellular respiration? W) ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP during chemiosmosis X) GDP is phosphorylated as succinyl and CoA is converted to succinate Y) Phosphofructokinase phosphorylates ADP Z) Pyruvate kinase phosphorylates ADP
W: W) ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP during chemiosmosis
X: X) GDP is phosphorylated as succinyl and CoA is converted to succinate
Y: Y) Phosphofructokinase phosphorylates ADP
Z: Z) Pyruvate kinase phosphorylates ADP
Answer: W) W) ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP during chemiosmosis
Beta-lactams, the class of antibiotics to which penicillin belongs, interfere with bacterial synthesis of what cellular structure in bacteria?
Acceptable Answers:
Two cars of unequal mass crash and stick together in a head-on collision. Which of the following statements is true? W) The car with the larger mass experiences the larger magnitude impulse X) The car with the smaller mass experiences the larger magnitude impulse Y) Both cars experience the same magnitude impulse in the same direction Z) Both cars experience the same magnitude impulse in opposite directions
W: W) The car with the larger mass experiences the larger magnitude impulse
X: X) The car with the smaller mass experiences the larger magnitude impulse
Y: Y) Both cars experience the same magnitude impulse in the same direction
Z: Z) Both cars experience the same magnitude impulse in opposite directions
Answer: Z) Z) Both cars experience the same magnitude impulse in opposite directions
Two balls are thrown perfectly horizontally off a cliff on Mars, where the acceleration due to gravity is 3.7 m/s². If ball 1 lands 30 meters further than ball 2, which of the following statements is correct about their initial velocities? W) The velocity of ball 1 is 30 m/s greater than the velocity of ball 2 X) The velocity of ball 2 is 30 m/s greater than the velocity of ball 1 Y) The velocity of ball 1 is 30 times larger than the velocity of ball 2 Z) The exact relationship cannot be determined without knowing the height of the cliff
W: W) The velocity of ball 1 is 30 m/s greater than the velocity of ball 2
X: X) The velocity of ball 2 is 30 m/s greater than the velocity of ball 1
Y: Y) The velocity of ball 1 is 30 times larger than the velocity of ball 2
Z: Z) The exact relationship cannot be determined without knowing the height of the cliff
Answer: Z) Z) The exact relationship cannot be determined without knowing the height of the cliff
What is the area of a rhombus with diagonals of lengths 6 and 8?
Acceptable Answers:
A curve is given by the equation: x³ + 3y² = 4. What is the slope of the tangent line at the point with coordinates (1, 1)? W) -2 X) -1/2 Y) 1/2 Z) 2
W: W) -2
X: X) -1/2
Y: Y) 1/2
Z: Z) 2
Answer: X) X) -1/2
In which direction do protons drag water in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell?
Acceptable Answers:
The three ways to protect yourself from radiation are time, shielding, and what?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following statements is NOT true about upwelling? W) It is associated with good fishing X) Water that rises to the surface as a result of upwelling is typically colder and richer in nutrients Y) It is caused when offshore wind causes surface water to build up along a coastline Z) It occurs in the open ocean and along coastlines
W: W) It is associated with good fishing
X: X) Water that rises to the surface as a result of upwelling is typically colder and richer in nutrients
Y: Y) It is caused when offshore wind causes surface water to build up along a coastline
Z: Z) It occurs in the open ocean and along coastlines
Answer: Y) Y) It is caused when offshore wind causes surface water to build up along a coastline
What law mathematically expresses the amount of radiation emitted by a blackbody at a given temperature?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is NOT a property of all amino acids? W) They contain both carboxylic acid and amine functional groups X) They are chiral Y) They are considered organic molecules Z) They are generally referred to by their common name
W: W) They contain both carboxylic acid and amine functional groups
X: X) They are chiral
Y: Y) They are considered organic molecules
Z: Z) They are generally referred to by their common name
Answer: X) X) They are chiral
What is the pH of a 0.001 M solution of hydrochloric acid?
Acceptable Answers:
If you are doing a western blot, what kind of macromolecule are you trying to detect? W) DNA X) RNA Y) Protein Z) Carbohydrate
W: W) DNA
X: X) RNA
Y: Y) Protein
Z: Z) Carbohydrate
Answer: Y) Y) Protein
In adult humans, how many bones articulate with the occipital bone?
Acceptable Answers:
An Atwood’s machine is built with a massless and frictionless pulley with a mass of 1 kg on one side and a mass of 4 kg on the other side. Assuming g = 10 m/s², which is the speed of the masses in m/s three seconds after being released? W) 5 X) 6 Y) 15 Z) 18
W: W) 5
X: X) 6
Y: Y) 15
Z: Z) 18
Answer: Z) Z) 18
You sit on a pier and look straight down into the pond below. The apparent depth of the pond from the surface of the water is 5.0 meters. Given that the refractive indexes of air and water are 1.0 and 1.3, respectively, what is the real depth of the pond in meters? W) 0.3 X) 3.8 Y) 5.0 Z) 6.7
W: W) 0.3
X: X) 3.8
Y: Y) 5.0
Z: Z) 6.7
Answer: Z) Z) 6.7
A point rotates around a circle at the rate of 40° per second. Convert this to revolutions per minute.
Acceptable Answers:
Given: $$x^2 + y^2 = 34$$ in the first quadrant and $$\frac{dx}{dt} = 5$$, find $$\frac{dy}{dt}$$ when $$x = 3$$.
Acceptable Answers:
Acid rain is unusually acidic precipitation containing elevated levels of hydrogen ions. Which of the following emissions is NOT an emission from a power plant that would contribute to acid rain? W) Carbon dioxide X) Hydroxide Y) Nitrogen oxide Z) Sulfur dioxide
W: W) Carbon dioxide
X: X) Hydroxide
Y: Y) Nitrogen oxide
Z: Z) Sulfur dioxide
Answer: X) X) Hydroxide
Which of the following does NOT increase line losses from so-called “corona” effects? W) Voltage X) Elevation Y) Precipitation Z) Latitude
W: W) Voltage
X: X) Elevation
Y: Y) Precipitation
Z: Z) Latitude
Answer: Z) Z) Latitude
Pangaea formed by the end of what geologic period? W) Paleocene X) Paleozoic Y) Permian Z) Pennsylvanian
W: W) Paleocene
X: X) Paleozoic
Y: Y) Permian
Z: Z) Pennsylvanian
Answer: Y) Y) Permian
Which of the terrestrial planets in our solar system has the strongest magnetic field?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following best explains the difference between real gases and ideal gases? W) At low pressure, intermolecular attractions become significant X) At high pressure, intermolecular attractions become significant Y) As pressure decreases, the volume of the gas itself also decreases Z) As pressure increases, the volume of the gas itself also increases
W: W) At low pressure, intermolecular attractions become significant
X: X) At high pressure, intermolecular attractions become significant
Y: Y) As pressure decreases, the volume of the gas itself also decreases
Z: Z) As pressure increases, the volume of the gas itself also increases
Answer: X) X) At high pressure, intermolecular attractions become significant
For a d orbital, which of the following is NOT an allowed value for the magnetic quantum number \(m_\ell\)? W) -1 X) 0 Y) 2 Z) 3
W: W) -1
X: X) 0
Y: Y) 2
Z: Z) 3
Answer: Z) Z) 3
Which of the following is an example of catabolism in the cell? W) Energy is extracted from the fat in avocado X) New DNA is synthesized Y) Glutamic acid is made from alpha-ketoglutarate in the citric acid cycle Z) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate from glycolysis is converted to a precursor for lipid synthesis
W: W) Energy is extracted from the fat in avocado
X: X) New DNA is synthesized
Y: Y) Glutamic acid is made from alpha-ketoglutarate in the citric acid cycle
Z: Z) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate from glycolysis is converted to a precursor for lipid synthesis
Answer: W) W) Energy is extracted from the fat in avocado
The helix-turn-helix motif is characteristic of a large group of proteins. Which of the following is a common function of the helix-turn-helix motif? W) Insertion into the cell membrane X) Lipid hydrolysis Y) DNA binding Z) Glycosidic bond formation
W: W) Insertion into the cell membrane
X: X) Lipid hydrolysis
Y: Y) DNA binding
Z: Z) Glycosidic bond formation
Answer: Y) Y) DNA binding
Providing your answer in scientific notation with one significant digit, what is the value of 1 erg in joules?
Acceptable Answers:
A light wave travels a distance of \(3\times10^{-7}\) m in a medium of refractive index \(n\approx1.5\). How much time does this trip take? W) \(1.5\times10^{-6}\) nanoseconds X) \(4.5\times10^{-6}\) nanoseconds Y) \(1.5\times10^{-6}\) seconds Z) \(4.5\times10^{-6}\) seconds
W: W) \(1.5\times10^{-6}\) nanoseconds
X: X) \(4.5\times10^{-6}\) nanoseconds
Y: Y) \(1.5\times10^{-6}\) seconds
Z: Z) \(4.5\times10^{-6}\) seconds
Answer: W) W) \(1.5\times10^{-6}\) nanoseconds
A hypersphere is described by a set of points such that \(w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 36\). Which of the following statements is NOT true? W) (1, 2, 3, 1) lies inside the hypersphere X) (1, 5, 5, 1) lies outside the hypersphere Y) (3, 3, 3, 3) lies on the hypersphere Z) (1, 2, 5, 1) lies outside the hypersphere
W: W) (1, 2, 3, 1) lies inside the hypersphere
X: X) (1, 5, 5, 1) lies outside the hypersphere
Y: Y) (3, 3, 3, 3) lies on the hypersphere
Z: Z) (1, 2, 5, 1) lies outside the hypersphere
Answer: Z) Z) (1, 2, 5, 1) lies outside the hypersphere
Evaluate \(\sin 15^\circ\).
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is the most abundant sediment in the oceans? W) Hydrogenous X) Terrigenous Y) Biogenous Z) Cosmogenous
W: W) Hydrogenous
X: X) Terrigenous
Y: Y) Biogenous
Z: Z) Cosmogenous
Answer: X) X) Terrigenous
Which of the following is true about the Antarctic ice sheet? W) It covers all land features in Antarctica X) It is over 4.2 kilometers thick in some areas Y) It is approximately 10 times as large in area as the Greenland ice sheet Z) It is nearly as large as the contiguous U.S.
W: W) It covers all land features in Antarctica
X: X) It is over 4.2 kilometers thick in some areas
Y: Y) It is approximately 10 times as large in area as the Greenland ice sheet
Z: Z) It is nearly as large as the contiguous U.S.
Answer: X) X) It is over 4.2 kilometers thick in some areas
What is the hybridization of the central oxygen atom in water? W) sp X) sp² Y) sp³ Z) sp³d
W: W) sp
X: X) sp²
Y: Y) sp³
Z: Z) sp³d
Answer: Y) Y) sp³
A system consists of two gases inside a piston. The two gases react to form a solid product. During the reaction, 150 J of heat are released and the surroundings do 50 J of work on the system. What is the change in internal energy in joules of the system? W) -200 X) -100 Y) +100 Z) +200
W: W) -200
X: X) -100
Y: Y) +100
Z: Z) +200
Answer: X) X) -100
The extracellular matrix protein, collagen, is composed of intertwined helices. How many protein helices come together to form collagen?
Acceptable Answers:
Hemophilia A and Duchenne muscular dystrophy are examples of inherited genetic disorders that show which specific pattern of inheritance?
Acceptable Answers:
DO NOT ACCEPT:
If a light ray passes from air (n = 1.00) to acetone (n = 1.36), what is the critical angle? W) 47° X) 67° Y) 87° Z) There is no total internal reflection
W: W) 47°
X: X) 67°
Y: Y) 87°
Z: Z) There is no total internal reflection
Answer: Z) Z) There is no total internal reflection
In a science lab, a sphere rolls on a horizontal flat surface until it eventually comes to rest, but not as a result of a frictional force. Which of the following is the best explanation of why the sphere comes to rest? W) The spherical shape and/or flat surface must not be ideal and the sphere will stop where a defect makes that location a minimum potential-energy position X) Some other force, like fluid friction, must be acting on the sphere Y) Angular momentum between the rolling sphere and the spinning Earth must be conserved Z) The force of gravity must not be constant even though the surface is flat
W: W) The spherical shape and/or flat surface must not be ideal and the sphere will stop where a defect makes that location a minimum potential-energy position
X: X) Some other force, like fluid friction, must be acting on the sphere
Y: Y) Angular momentum between the rolling sphere and the spinning Earth must be conserved
Z: Z) The force of gravity must not be constant even though the surface is flat
Answer: W) W) The spherical shape and/or flat surface must not be ideal and the sphere will stop where a defect makes that location a minimum potential-energy position