HS Sample Set 2, Round 11 from NSB
If 23.90 grams of water have a heat capacity of 100 joules per Kelvin, how many joules of thermal energy are required to raise the temperature of this water from 290 K to 295 K?
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Which of the following substances is soluble in carbon tetrachloride? W) Formaldehyde X) Bromine Y) Ammonia Z) Sodium chloride
W: W) Formaldehyde
X: X) Bromine
Y: Y) Ammonia
Z: Z) Sodium chloride
Answer: X) X) Bromine
What is the name of the white blood cells that develop into macrophages and dendritic cells?
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Which of the following human vitamin or mineral requirements is NOT matched correctly with its symptoms of deficiency? W) Vitamin B₁₂ and beriberi X) Vitamin C and scurvy Y) Vitamin A and blindness, impaired immunity, and skin disorders Z) Vitamin K and defective blood clotting
W: W) Vitamin B₁₂ and beriberi
X: X) Vitamin C and scurvy
Y: Y) Vitamin A and blindness, impaired immunity, and skin disorders
Z: Z) Vitamin K and defective blood clotting
Answer: W) W) Vitamin B₁₂ and beriberi
How many Btus are required to raise 3 pounds of water from 60 °F to 130 °F? W) 63 X) 70 Y) 210 Z) 390
W: W) 63
X: X) 70
Y: Y) 210
Z: Z) 390
Answer: Y) Y) 210
If my current annual heating bill is \$900 and my old furnace has an efficiency rating of 75%, which of the following best approximates my new bill if I install a 95% efficient furnace? W) \$675 X) \$690 Y) \$710 Z) \$840
W: W) \$675
X: X) \$690
Y: Y) \$710
Z: Z) \$840
Answer: Y) Y) \$710
All except which of the following are factors that could lead to the mechanical weathering of rocks? W) Wind abrasion X) Chelation Y) Freezing and melting of water Z) Penetration by plant roots
W: W) Wind abrasion
X: X) Chelation
Y: Y) Freezing and melting of water
Z: Z) Penetration by plant roots
Answer: X) X) Chelation
The metallicity of globular clusters is generally which of the following? W) Less than that of the Sun X) Comparable to that of the Sun Y) Greater than that of the Sun Z) Too variable between globular clusters to make any definitive conclusions
W: W) Less than that of the Sun
X: X) Comparable to that of the Sun
Y: Y) Greater than that of the Sun
Z: Z) Too variable between globular clusters to make any definitive conclusions
Answer: W) W) Less than that of the Sun
When a ray of light traveling through the air reflects off the surface of a puddle of pure water, it undergoes which of the following changes in phase? W) 360° X) 180° Y) 90° Z) 0°
W: W) 360°
X: X) 180°
Y: Y) 90°
Z: Z) 0°
Answer: X) X) 180°
A force displaces an object. The force vector is 3i + 2j + k N and the displacement vector is 2i + 6j − 5k m. Find the work done in joules.
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Solve the following equation for x: $$ (x - 9)^{\tfrac{2}{3}} = 16. $$ W) 73 X) ± 73 Y) 73 and − 55 Z) − 64/9
W: W) 73
X: X) ± 73
Y: Y) 73 and − 55
Z: Z) − 64/9
Answer: Y) Y) 73 and − 55
Giving your answer with $r$ positive and $\theta$ in radians, what are the equivalent polar coordinates to the rectangular coordinates $(-3\sqrt{3}, -3)$?
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Cocaine has a tertiary amine group with a pKb of 5.6. What is the pKa of cocaine’s conjugate acid in an aqueous solution at 25 °C?
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What are the names of the following four acids: 1) HNO₂; 2) H₂S; 3) HIO₄; 4) H₂Cr₂O₇?
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In a frog blastula, the animal pole is composed of which one of the three embryonic germ layers?
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Identify all of the following four reactions performed by marine organisms that would require oxygen: 1) Sulfur oxidation; 2) Nitrification; 3) Photosynthesis; 4) Nitrogen fixation.
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Approximately how many square miles of photovoltaic panels would be required to provide power for the entire U.S. during daylight hours? W) 2,500 X) 10,000 Y) 40,000 Z) 100,000
W: W) 2,500
X: X) 10,000
Y: Y) 40,000
Z: Z) 100,000
Answer: X) X) 10,000
At 120 V, which of the following is the approximate amperage through a circuit that consists of resistors of 5 Ω, 10 Ω, and 20 Ω in series, followed by the same resistors in parallel? W) 3.16 X) 3.42 Y) 4.66 Z) 35
W: W) 3.16
X: X) 3.42
Y: Y) 4.66
Z: Z) 35
Answer: W) W) 3.16
Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is NOT true? W) Anthropogenic activities have contributed to an increase in greenhouse gases, especially CO₂, compared to pre-industrial levels X) Greenhouse gases efficiently trap ultraviolet radiation to warm the Earth’s lower atmosphere Y) The global warming potential for each greenhouse gas is different Z) The greenhouse effect is a natural process without which the Earth’s temperature would be at least 25 °C colder
W: W) Anthropogenic activities have contributed to an increase in greenhouse gases, especially CO₂, compared to pre-industrial levels
X: X) Greenhouse gases efficiently trap ultraviolet radiation to warm the Earth’s lower atmosphere
Y: Y) The global warming potential for each greenhouse gas is different
Z: Z) The greenhouse effect is a natural process without which the Earth’s temperature would be at least 25 °C colder
Answer: X) X) Greenhouse gases efficiently trap ultraviolet radiation to warm the Earth’s lower atmosphere
What is the coolest spectral class of stars around which H II regions are generally seen?
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Which of the following is true about the magnetic field inside an ideal infinite solenoid? W) It increases linearly as the radius of the solenoid increases X) It is zero Y) It is uniform Z) It decreases continuously along its axis
W: W) It increases linearly as the radius of the solenoid increases
X: X) It is zero
Y: Y) It is uniform
Z: Z) It decreases continuously along its axis
Answer: Y) Y) It is uniform
An ambulance is approaching the scene of an accident with a speed of 30 m/s. Its siren has a frequency of 1500 Hz. Providing your answer with two significant figures, find the frequency heard by a stationary person, given the speed of sound is 340 m/s.
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Express $$i^{443}$$ in simplest form.
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Solve the system of equations: $$x + y = 1,$$ $$x^2 + 3y^2 = 21.$$
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Uranium-235 can be used in nuclear power plants. If this isotope is at sub-critical mass and is bombarded by a neutron, which of the following is most likely to occur? W) The result depends on the amount of uranium and temperature X) An explosion Y) A controllable source of energy will be formed Z) No reaction
W: W) The result depends on the amount of uranium and temperature
X: X) An explosion
Y: Y) A controllable source of energy will be formed
Z: Z) No reaction
Answer: Y) Y) A controllable source of energy will be formed
What is the electron configuration of an atom of gallium in the ground state?
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What is the term for the cell that produces hydrochloric acid in the human stomach?
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Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding ticks and transmitted diseases? W) Female black-legged ticks are only slightly better at transmitting Lyme disease than their male counterparts X) The disease-causing agent in Lyme disease is the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi Y) The dog tick serves as a vector for Rickettsia rickettsia, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Z) The Lone Star Tick serves as a vector for disease-causing Rickettsia
W: W) Female black-legged ticks are only slightly better at transmitting Lyme disease than their male counterparts
X: X) The disease-causing agent in Lyme disease is the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi
Y: Y) The dog tick serves as a vector for Rickettsia rickettsia, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Z: Z) The Lone Star Tick serves as a vector for disease-causing Rickettsia
Answer: W) W) Female black-legged ticks are only slightly better at transmitting Lyme disease than their male counterparts
On what day of the year does local sidereal time coincide with local mean time? W) Autumnal equinox X) January 1 Y) Vernal equinox Z) Summer solstice
W: W) Autumnal equinox
X: X) January 1
Y: Y) Vernal equinox
Z: Z) Summer solstice
Answer: W) W) Autumnal equinox
Which of the following are the three main factors that control the type and rate of mass wasting at Earth’s surface? W) Adhesion, slope stability, and overburden thickness X) Slope gradient, slope consolidation, and water Y) Slope gradient, cohesion, and lithology Z) Water, adhesion, and construction
W: W) Adhesion, slope stability, and overburden thickness
X: X) Slope gradient, slope consolidation, and water
Y: Y) Slope gradient, cohesion, and lithology
Z: Z) Water, adhesion, and construction
Answer: X) X) Slope gradient, slope consolidation, and water
Which of the following actions would increase the magnetic force between two parallel current-carrying wires? W) Decreasing the length of both wires X) Decreasing the current flowing through either wire Y) Decreasing the distance between them Z) Increasing the distance between them
W: W) Decreasing the length of both wires
X: X) Decreasing the current flowing through either wire
Y: Y) Decreasing the distance between them
Z: Z) Increasing the distance between them
Answer: Y) Y) Decreasing the distance between them
A water hose has inner radius 4 cm and its nozzle radius is 1 cm. The speed of water inside the hose is 3 m/s. Find the speed of water coming out of the nozzle in m/s.
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Expressing your answer in interval notation, what is the largest possible real domain of the function $$f(x) = \frac{\sqrt{x^2 - 16}}{\lvert x + 9\rvert}\;?$$
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In square centimeters and in terms of π, find the area of a circle with an inscribed triangle of side lengths 10 cm, 24 cm, and 26 cm.
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How do bases interact with the π* orbital of ketones and aldehydes? W) Deprotonation at the alpha position X) 1,2-addition Y) 1,2-substitution Z) Deprotonation at the beta position
W: W) Deprotonation at the alpha position
X: X) 1,2-addition
Y: Y) 1,2-substitution
Z: Z) Deprotonation at the beta position
Answer: W) W) Deprotonation at the alpha position
Rank the following four ions in order of increasing size for the dominant ionic form: 1) fluoride; 2) chloride; 3) sodium; 4) magnesium.
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If a bacterium that is sensitive to the antibiotic ampicillin becomes resistant to that antibiotic, it would be an example of which of the following? W) Microevolution X) Macroevolution Y) Speciation Z) Extinction
W: W) Microevolution
X: X) Macroevolution
Y: Y) Speciation
Z: Z) Extinction
Answer: W) W) Microevolution
While looking through a microscope at a few drops of water squeezed from a fistful of moss, you notice an eight-legged animal with claws. Which of the following is it most likely to be? W) Daphnia X) Rotifer Y) Tardigrade Z) Collembola
W: W) Daphnia
X: X) Rotifer
Y: Y) Tardigrade
Z: Z) Collembola
Answer: Y) Y) Tardigrade
Which of the following elements is a main component of fuels because its oxidation releases a large amount of thermal energy? W) Sulfur X) Nitrogen Y) Carbon Z) Hydrogen
W: W) Sulfur
X: X) Nitrogen
Y: Y) Carbon
Z: Z) Hydrogen
Answer: Y) Y) Carbon
By number, identify all of the following four statements that accurately describe processes in aerobic ATP production: 1) Although prokaryotic cells lack mitochondria and cristae, they use a proton pump to produce ATP. 2) Energy is liberated when the chemical bond between ATP and its phosphate subgroup is formed. 3) Oxygen is used in the last step of aerobic respiration to produce water. 4) Chemiosmosis produces more ATP molecules than oxidative phosphorylation.
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Calomel is an important reference electrode. In a calomel electrode, what salt solution is used to maintain constant ionic strength?
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How many structural isomers are there for a compound with the formula C₇H₁₆?
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An airplane traveling faster than the speed of sound passes over a stationary observer on the ground. When does the observer hear the sonic boom? W) Only before the plane breaks the sound barrier X) When the plane is directly overhead Y) After the plane has passed by Z) As the plane is approaching the area
W: W) Only before the plane breaks the sound barrier
X: X) When the plane is directly overhead
Y: Y) After the plane has passed by
Z: Z) As the plane is approaching the area
Answer: Y) Y) After the plane has passed by
During planetary formation, a spinning gas disk contracted due to gravity. Which ensuing effect occurred? W) It rotated faster X) It disintegrated due to gravitational forces Y) It bulged out to form spheres Z) It stopped rotating
W: W) It rotated faster
X: X) It disintegrated due to gravitational forces
Y: Y) It bulged out to form spheres
Z: Z) It stopped rotating
Answer: W) W) It rotated faster
Solve the following equation over the complex numbers: $$(x + 3)^2 + 16 = 0.$$
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Determine the value of the following: $$\sum_{n=1}^{17} (3n - 5).$$
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Which of the following dominates in the innermost kiloparsec of a galaxy? W) Hot gas X) Stars Y) The galaxy’s supermassive black hole Z) Dark matter
W: W) Hot gas
X: X) Stars
Y: Y) The galaxy’s supermassive black hole
Z: Z) Dark matter
Answer: X) X) Stars
Why does Eureka, California generally have a smaller yearly temperature range than Omaha, Nebraska, even though both are at 41° N latitude? W) Land is a poor absorber and a poor conductor of heat energy X) Land changes temperature rapidly, due to its high specific heat and lack of transparency Y) Ocean water is a good absorber and a good conductor of heat energy Z) Ocean water changes temperature slowly, due to the high specific heat and transparency of water
W: W) Land is a poor absorber and a poor conductor of heat energy
X: X) Land changes temperature rapidly, due to its high specific heat and lack of transparency
Y: Y) Ocean water is a good absorber and a good conductor of heat energy
Z: Z) Ocean water changes temperature slowly, due to the high specific heat and transparency of water
Answer: Z) Z) Ocean water changes temperature slowly, due to the high specific heat and transparency of water
Which of the following animals possesses a kidney that hosts unusually long and elaborate loops of Henle? W) Kangaroo rat X) Siren salamander Y) Black-billed magpie Z) Great white shark
W: W) Kangaroo rat
X: X) Siren salamander
Y: Y) Black-billed magpie
Z: Z) Great white shark
Answer: W) W) Kangaroo rat
If an alien population always inherits green skin with menacing horns, the genes for these phenotypes would be classified as which of the following? W) Recombinant X) Hardy-Weinberg Y) Mendelian Z) Linked
W: W) Recombinant
X: X) Hardy-Weinberg
Y: Y) Mendelian
Z: Z) Linked
Answer: Z) Z) Linked