MS Sample Set 13, Round 12 from NSB

Questions in Packet

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is 23% of 4?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 0.92
  • 23/25

BONUS math phrase

A ball is dropped from the top of a 45-meter-tall building. After each bounce, it reaches one-third of the height from which it previously fell. In meters, what is the total vertical distance the ball has traveled when it hits the ground for the 3rd time?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 85

TOSS-UP ess phrase

How many seismograph locations are typically needed to locate the focus of an earthquake?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3

BONUS ess multiple_choice

What is the ratio of iron to oxygen in the mineral hematite? W) 1 to 2 X) 1 to 3 Y) 2 to 3 Z) 3 to 2

W: W) 1 to 2

X: X) 1 to 3

Y: Y) 2 to 3

Z: Z) 3 to 2

Answer: Y) Y) 2 to 3

TOSS-UP phys phrase

A cup of black coffee has a pH of 5, and a solution of ammonia has a pH of 11. How many times as acidic is the coffee compared to the ammonia?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 1000000

BONUS phys multiselect

Identify all of the following three bonds in which the carbon atom will typically be the positive dipole: 1) C–H; 2) C–N; 3) C–O.

Choices:

  • C–H
  • C–N
  • C–O

Correct Answers:

  • 2
  • 3

TOSS-UP energy phrase

In order to indirectly measure the average kinetic energy of atoms in a given location, physicists at Oak Ridge National Lab have developed a device that will produce a nanometer-resolution map of what property of a crystal?

Acceptable Answers:

  • TEMPERATURE

BONUS energy phrase

Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab at the IceCube experiment are studying high-energy neutrinos. Most high-energy neutrinos are produced by high-energy cosmic interactions, while low-energy neutrinos detected on Earth are primarily produced from nuclear reactors and what other major source?

Acceptable Answers:

  • SUN

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What is the term for an organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live?

Acceptable Answers:

  • OBLIGATE AEROBE

BONUS bio phrase

What is the term for an organism whose mouth develops from the blastopore?

Acceptable Answers:

  • PROTOSTOME

TOSS-UP ess phrase

Which of Kepler’s Laws would be most helpful for determining the orbital period of a binary star system?

Acceptable Answers:

  • THIRD

BONUS ess phrase

What planet has a mean density about 70 percent that of Earth, and surface acceleration due to gravity about 40 percent that of Earth?

Acceptable Answers:

  • MARS

TOSS-UP math multiple_choice

Which of the following statements is logically equivalent to “If T is a leopard, then T has spots”? W) If T has spots, then T is a leopard. X) If T is not a leopard, then T does not have spots. Y) If T does not have spots, then T is not a leopard. Z) If T does not have spots, then T is a leopard.

W: W) If T has spots, then T is a leopard.

X: X) If T is not a leopard, then T does not have spots.

Y: Y) If T does not have spots, then T is not a leopard.

Z: Z) If T does not have spots, then T is a leopard.

Answer: Y) Y) If T does not have spots, then T is not a leopard.

BONUS math phrase

A pyramid with 36 edges has how many vertices?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 19

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Solvated electrons appear a vibrant blue in solution. Which of the following colors of light is being absorbed? W) Violet X) Orange Y) Green Z) Blue

W: W) Violet

X: X) Orange

Y: Y) Green

Z: Z) Blue

Answer: X) X) Orange

BONUS phys phrase

Suppose that a 50-kilogram cart and a 70-kilogram cart, both traveling at 5 meters per second in opposite directions, collide and stick together. In meters per second with one significant figure, what is the speed of the final composite object?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 0.8

TOSS-UP energy phrase

Researchers at Princeton Plasma Physics Lab are attempting to understand fluid flow in the non-laminar regime. This regime of flow, in which fluid velocity and pressure change chaotically, is called what?

Acceptable Answers:

  • TURBULENCE

BONUS energy multiple_choice

Ames National Lab researchers are studying alane, or aluminum hydride. This substance is generally used in synthetic chemistry labs to perform what chemical role? W) Reducing agent X) Oxidizing agent Y) Combustion catalyst Z) Heterogeneous catalyst

W: W) Reducing agent

X: X) Oxidizing agent

Y: Y) Combustion catalyst

Z: Z) Heterogeneous catalyst

Answer: W) W) Reducing agent

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following metamorphic rocks exhibits foliation? W) Schist X) Marble Y) Quartzite Z) Amphibolite

W: W) Schist

X: X) Marble

Y: Y) Quartzite

Z: Z) Amphibolite

Answer: W) W) Schist

BONUS ess order

Rank the following three elements in increasing order in terms of their mass abundance in the ocean: 1) Chlorine; 2) Hydrogen; 3) Sodium.

Choices:

  • Chlorine
  • Hydrogen
  • Sodium

Correct Order:

  • 3
  • 1
  • 2

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What is the term for a treatment that has no active effect, but rather is used as a control during therapeutic trials?

Acceptable Answers:

  • PLACEBO

BONUS bio phrase

What organ is the end target of vasopressin, which is also known as “anti-diuretic hormone”?

Acceptable Answers:

  • KIDNEY

TOSS-UP energy phrase

Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Lab are studying blue-green algae, which are actually part of what domain?

Acceptable Answers:

  • BACTERIA
  • EUBACTERIA

BONUS energy phrase

Scientists at Idaho National Lab are developing uranium silicide fuel pellets for next-generation nuclear reactors to replace current uranium dioxide fuel pellets. What is the oxidation state of uranium metal in uranium dioxide?

Acceptable Answers:

  • +4
  • 4

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

As seen from Earth, which of the following stellar objects has the most similar angular diameter to the Sun? W) The Moon X) Alpha Centauri Y) Jupiter Z) Betelgeuse

W: W) The Moon

X: X) Alpha Centauri

Y: Y) Jupiter

Z: Z) Betelgeuse

Answer: W) W) The Moon

BONUS ess multiple_choice

Which of the following types of asteroids is most abundant in our solar system? W) S-type X) M-type Y) V-type Z) C-type

W: W) S-type

X: X) M-type

Y: Y) V-type

Z: Z) C-type

Answer: Z) Z) C-type

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is the tenth term in the geometric sequence with first term \(-6\) and common ratio \(-1\)?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 6

BONUS math phrase

What are all single-digit base-10 positive integer values of \(B\) for which the base-\(B\) number “three-one” is a perfect square?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 5, 8

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding chloroplasts? W) Chloroplasts possess inner and outer membranes X) Thylakoids contain chlorophylls and carotenoids Y) Pigment molecules and proteins associate to form photosystems Z) The stroma is characterized by surface area-increasing folds called cristae

W: W) Chloroplasts possess inner and outer membranes

X: X) Thylakoids contain chlorophylls and carotenoids

Y: Y) Pigment molecules and proteins associate to form photosystems

Z: Z) The stroma is characterized by surface area-increasing folds called cristae

Answer: Z) Z) The stroma is characterized by surface area-increasing folds called cristae

BONUS bio multiple_choice

Mollusks possess a flexible, tongue-shaped feeding structure called what? W) Radula X) Mantle Y) Siphon Z) Viscera

W: W) Radula

X: X) Mantle

Y: Y) Siphon

Z: Z) Viscera

Answer: W) W) Radula

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following quantities is dimensionless? W) The volume of an internal combustion engine X) The perimeter of the Earth Y) The number of molecules in 1 gram of water Z) The mass of one mole of sodium atoms

W: W) The volume of an internal combustion engine

X: X) The perimeter of the Earth

Y: Y) The number of molecules in 1 gram of water

Z: Z) The mass of one mole of sodium atoms

Answer: Y) Y) The number of molecules in 1 gram of water

BONUS phys phrase

How many milliliters of a 0.1 molar hydrochloric acid solution contain the same amount of acid as 2 milliliters of a 12-molar hydrochloric acid solution?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 240

TOSS-UP math phrase

When \(x^2 - 2x + 3\) is divided by \(x - 2\), what is the remainder?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3

BONUS math phrase

To the nearest whole number, 111 kilometers per hour is how many meters per second?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 31

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What type of virus has an RNA genome that it converts into DNA once it enters the host cell?

Acceptable Answers:

  • RETROVIRUS

BONUS bio phrase

In a woody stem, what is the term for the old xylem that no longer conducts fluid, causing it to darken with age?

Acceptable Answers:

  • HEARTWOOD

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Consider a satellite for which the magnitude of the gravitational force on it is constant at all points on its orbit. What shape does this imply the orbit is? W) Parabola X) Hyperbola Y) Eccentric ellipse Z) Circle

W: W) Parabola

X: X) Hyperbola

Y: Y) Eccentric ellipse

Z: Z) Circle

Answer: Z) Z) Circle

BONUS phys phrase

Based on Fermat’s principle, refraction is a consequence of light taking a path that minimizes what quantity?

Acceptable Answers:

  • TIME
  • OPTICAL LENGTH

DO NOT ACCEPT:

  • LENGTH

TOSS-UP math phrase

What fraction is halfway between \(1/8\) and \(1/10\)?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 9/80

BONUS math phrase

To the nearest integer, what is the length of a space diagonal in a right rectangular prism with edges of length 4, 9, and 12?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 16

TOSS-UP ess phrase

What is the name of the ocean-warming phase of the Southern Oscillation?

Acceptable Answers:

  • EL NIÑO

BONUS ess phrase

What continent has the lowest amount of annual rainfall per unit area?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ANTARCTICA

TOSS-UP phys phrase

What is the name given to a solid, like polyethylene, if it lacks the long-range ordering seen in crystals?

Acceptable Answers:

  • AMORPHOUS

BONUS phys phrase

According to VSEPR theory, what is the molecular geometry of a molecule of formaldehyde?

Acceptable Answers:

  • TRIGONAL PLANAR

TOSS-UP bio phrase

To what genus do brown bears belong?

Acceptable Answers:

  • URSUS

BONUS bio phrase

In the normal human eye, how many distinct types of cone cells are there?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3