HS Sample Set 14, Round 9 from NSB
What is the period of the function with equation $$y = 3\sin\bigl(12\pi x + 4\bigr) - 7$$?
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Simplify the following sum of two fractions: $$\frac{1}{\log_{3}6} + \frac{1}{\log_{12}6}$$.
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Permanent magnets made from rare-earth lanthanoid elements have partially occupied shells of what type? W) S X) P Y) D Z) F
W: W) S
X: X) P
Y: Y) D
Z: Z) F
Answer: Z) Z) F
Identify all of the following four choices that are products of the water oxidation half-reaction: 1) Protons; 2) Molecular oxygen; 3) Molecular hydrogen; 4) Heavy water.
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Identify all of the following three acids that are diprotic acids: 1) Hydrochloric acid; 2) Sulfuric acid; 3) Phosphoric acid.
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What is the product of the reaction of ethylene and hydrogen bromide?
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When $$\mathrm{CO_2}$$ from the atmosphere dissolves in ocean water, it quickly reacts with water to create what neutral acidic species?
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Identify all of the following three regions that are typically at low atmospheric pressures due to global atmospheric circulation patterns: 1) ITCZ; 2) Horse latitudes; 3) Polar front.
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What is the term for the plant growth response to touch stimuli?
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Steroid hormones are produced in the gonads as well as what other organ?
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Truth, beauty, and charm are flavors of what type of particle?
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A 1-$\Omega$ resistor and a 2-$\Omega$ resistor are connected in parallel to an 8-V battery with internal resistance of 2 $\Omega$. In amperes, how much current flows through the 1-$\Omega$ resistor?
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With an apparent magnitude of 3.4, what is the most distant celestial object that is reliably visible with the naked eye?
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The Little Ice Age in the 17th century coincided with the Maunder minimum, a period of time defined by the observation of very few of what astronomical phenomena?
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What gaseous hormone promotes ripening of fruit in many plants?
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Identify all of the following four cell types that are considered white blood cells: 1) T cells; 2) Erythrocytes; 3) Thrombocytes; 4) Neutrophils.
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Identify all of the following three forces that play a role in the interparticle interactions for hydrogen chloride: 1) Hydrogen bonding; 2) London dispersion; 3) Dipole-dipole.
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Rank the following three atoms in terms of increasing magnitude of their electron affinities: 1) Lithium; 2) Boron; 3) Carbon.
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Birefringence is a phenomenon seen in materials whose index of refraction is dependent on the direction of travel and what other property of light?
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An asteroid with linear momentum is gravitationally captured by a planet. Which of the following best explains where the linear momentum of the asteroid went? W) Converted into angular momentum X) Conserved in the asteroid’s orbital velocity Y) Dissipated by frictional forces Z) Translating the planet-asteroid system
W: W) Converted into angular momentum
X: X) Conserved in the asteroid’s orbital velocity
Y: Y) Dissipated by frictional forces
Z: Z) Translating the planet-asteroid system
Answer: Z) Z) Translating the planet-asteroid system
What is the partial derivative with respect to $$y$$ of the expression $$x^3 y^7$$?
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Other than 5, what is the smallest positive integer that, when divided by 6, 8, 10, or 14, has a remainder of 5?
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Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Lab are studying the relationship between soil carbon and microbial activity in soils. Most soil carbon is stored inorganically as part of what large group of minerals?
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Fermi National Accelerator scientists are looking for physics beyond the Standard Model in the form of decay pathways that do not conserve lepton flavor. Which of the following particles has already been observed violating this conservation principle? W) Electrons X) Neutrinos Y) Protons Z) Bosons
W: W) Electrons
X: X) Neutrinos
Y: Y) Protons
Z: Z) Bosons
Answer: X) X) Neutrinos
How many electrons in one atom of elemental sulfur are located in s-orbitals?
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What gas, whose monomethyl derivative is a component of rocket fuel, is formed by bubbling ammonia gas through hypochlorite solution?
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Which of the following is closest to the most probable radius, in angstroms, of an electron in the ground state of a hydrogen atom? W) 0.05 X) 0.5 Y) 5 Z) 50
W: W) 0.05
X: X) 0.5
Y: Y) 5
Z: Z) 50
Answer: X) X) 0.5
A parallel circuit consisting of three paths has an equivalent resistance of 4 $\Omega$. If one of the paths containing a 12 $\Omega$ resistor is disconnected from the circuit, then in ohms, what is the new equivalent resistance?
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The Earth’s core contains approximately one-third of the Earth’s mass. Which of the following percentages is closest to the percentage of the core’s mass that is contained within the outer core? W) 5 X) 30 Y) 65 Z) 95
W: W) 5
X: X) 30
Y: Y) 65
Z: Z) 95
Answer: Z) Z) 95
Which of the following statements is TRUE of lateral and medial moraines? W) A lateral moraine is a type of medial moraine X) A medial moraine is a type of lateral moraine Y) Two lateral moraines can merge to form a medial moraine Z) Medial moraines are only present at the maximum extent of a glacier, while lateral moraines are present along the entirety of a glacier’s flow path.
W: W) A lateral moraine is a type of medial moraine
X: X) A medial moraine is a type of lateral moraine
Y: Y) Two lateral moraines can merge to form a medial moraine
Z: Z) Medial moraines are only present at the maximum extent of a glacier, while lateral moraines are present along the entirety of a glacier’s flow path.
Answer: Y) Y) Two lateral moraines can merge to form a medial moraine
Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Lab are supercooling liquid water to 136 K, at which it undergoes a phase transition to a glass-like substance. Which of the following quantities is positive for the freezing of supercooled liquid water? W) Change in enthalpy of the water X) Change in entropy of the water Y) Change in Gibbs free energy of the water Z) Change in entropy of the universe
W: W) Change in enthalpy of the water
X: X) Change in entropy of the water
Y: Y) Change in Gibbs free energy of the water
Z: Z) Change in entropy of the universe
Answer: Z) Z) Change in entropy of the universe
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Lab are studying the nuclear fusion reactions occurring in the Sun using the Titan supercomputer. What is the primary fusion pathway that occurs in the Sun?
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Which of the following organisms is haploid? W) Female grasshopper X) Male grasshopper Y) Female ant Z) Male ant
W: W) Female grasshopper
X: X) Male grasshopper
Y: Y) Female ant
Z: Z) Male ant
Answer: Z) Z) Male ant
The metal-ligating section of chlorophyll is based on what group of organic macrocycles that contain four pyrrole rings?
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The Chandra Observatory observes radiation in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum?
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Place the following three natural satellites in order of increasing size: 1) Moon; 2) Phobos; 3) Deimos.
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A geometric sequence has second term –5 and third term 3. What is its first term?
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To the nearest integer, what is $$\displaystyle\int_{0}^{4} x\sqrt{x^2 + 9}\,dx$$?
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Consider a planet that is orbiting the Sun in uniform circular motion and has total mechanical energy $$E$$. What is the total mechanical energy, in terms of $$E$$, of a planet orbiting at twice the radius, also in uniform circular motion?
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To the nearest kilojoule, how much work is done by three moles of an ideal gas being heated at constant pressure from 43 °C to 83 °C?
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Identify all of the following three techniques that could determine the optical purity of a sample: 1) Polarimetry; 2) Thin-layer chromatography; 3) Mass spectrometry.
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Consider a solution of one-molar calcium chloride. At a temperature of 60 °C and in atmospheres to one significant figure, what is the osmotic pressure of this solution?
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In alcohol fermentation, pyruvate is first decarboxylated to form what molecule?
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The unsaturated fatty acids present in the cell membrane primarily possess what stereochemistry on their double bond?
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What is the greatest integer that is less than or equal to $$\log_{2}2019$$?
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If the sides of a triangle have lengths 5, 6, and 9, what is the cosine of the largest angle?
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