HS Sample Set 12, Round 12 from NSB
In orbital mechanics, what are the points called where a small object can maintain a constant position relative to two larger massive bodies?
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Order the following four materials from most negative to most positive in terms of their charge affinity when they undergo triboelectric contact charging: 1) Paper; 2) Silver; 3) Rabbit fur; 4) PVC plastic.
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Which of the following is closest to the average speed of the Earth’s tectonic plates in centimeters of relative motion per year? W) 0.1 X) 3 Y) 50 Z) 200
W: W) 0.1
X: X) 3
Y: Y) 50
Z: Z) 200
Answer: X) X) 3
The ocean floor can be mapped by altimeters on satellites. Which of the following best describes how this method functions? W) The altimeter maps the ocean surface with radar, which is affected by underlying topography X) The altimeter maps the floor using sonar beams attached to the body of the altimeter Y) The altimeter communicates with an underwater remotely operated vehicle, which maps the ocean floor beneath it Z) The altimeter communicates with a manned submersible, which maps the ocean floor beneath it
W: W) The altimeter maps the ocean surface with radar, which is affected by underlying topography
X: X) The altimeter maps the floor using sonar beams attached to the body of the altimeter
Y: Y) The altimeter communicates with an underwater remotely operated vehicle, which maps the ocean floor beneath it
Z: Z) The altimeter communicates with a manned submersible, which maps the ocean floor beneath it
Answer: W) W) The altimeter maps the ocean surface with radar, which is affected by underlying topography
Los Alamos National Lab scientists recently observed a special type of Bose–Einstein condensate in a two-dimensional lattice. This room-temperature condensate was composed of what quasiparticles that carry vibrational energy in the lattice?
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Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab recently constructed a genome-wide map of more than 80,000 cis-acting DNA elements relevant to human heart development. What is the name of these eukaryotic DNA elements that are outside gene promoters and contain binding sites for transcription factors?
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What is the molecular geometry of phosphorus pentachloride?
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Identify all of the following three hydrogen atoms that could be deprotonated by sodium amide: 1) Hydrogen on terminal alkyne; 2) Hydrogen alpha to ketone; 3) Hydrogen on tri-substituted alkene.
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Which of the following equations is that of a line perpendicular to the line with equation \(4x - 5y = 20\)? W) \(4x - 5y = 40\) X) \(4x + 5y = 40\) Y) \(5x - 4y = 40\) Z) \(5x + 4y = 40\)
W: W) \(4x - 5y = 40\)
X: X) \(4x + 5y = 40\)
Y: Y) \(5x - 4y = 40\)
Z: Z) \(5x + 4y = 40\)
Answer: Z) Z) \(5x + 4y = 40\)
What is the area of a triangle with sides of length 17, 12, and 11?
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What stage in animal development follows the blastula and is associated with the embryo folding inward?
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In the Meselson–Stahl experiment, cells containing heavy DNA were replicated in a medium containing light DNA, leading to a generation with all intermediate-weight DNA. Identify all of the following weights of DNA that would be found in cells in the next generation: 1) Heavy; 2) Intermediate; 3) Light.
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Sustained periods of organic carbon burial over geologic time will most likely lead to which of the following? W) Ocean acidification X) Increased atmospheric O₂ Y) Increased surface temperature Z) Increased ocean upwelling
W: W) Ocean acidification
X: X) Increased atmospheric O₂
Y: Y) Increased surface temperature
Z: Z) Increased ocean upwelling
Answer: X) X) Increased atmospheric O₂
Identify all of the following three statements that are true of valley formation: 1) Glacial valleys are typically V-shaped; 2) Mountain river valleys are typically U-shaped; 3) Hanging valleys result from glacial processes.
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One of the goals of Fermilab scientists participating in the Dark Energy Survey is to use the data to find dwarf galaxies. Identify all of the following three statements that are true about these dwarf galaxies: 1) Several dwarf galaxies orbit the Milky Way; 2) Some dwarf galaxies contain 100 billion stars; 3) Dwarf galaxies can contain dark matter.
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Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are researching ways to generate electricity from waste heat. What is the name of the effect they are taking advantage of? W) Compton Effect X) Hall Effect Y) Photoelectric Effect Z) Seebeck Effect
W: W) Compton Effect
X: X) Hall Effect
Y: Y) Photoelectric Effect
Z: Z) Seebeck Effect
Answer: Z) Z) Seebeck Effect
An object is placed 17 cm to the left of the vertex of a concave spherical mirror with a radius of curvature of 30 cm. Which of the following pairs of properties describe the image formed? W) Real and upright X) Real and inverted Y) Virtual and upright Z) Virtual and inverted
W: W) Real and upright
X: X) Real and inverted
Y: Y) Virtual and upright
Z: Z) Virtual and inverted
Answer: X) X) Real and inverted
A softball player exerts a constant 10-newton force to accelerate a 180-gram ball from rest to 30 meters per second. In seconds, how long does she take to throw the ball?
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For a twice-differentiable function \(f(x)\), \(f(4)=5\), \(f'(4)=0\), and \(f''(4)=-6\). Which of the following is true of the graph of \(y=f(x)\) at the point \((4,5)\)? W) There is a local minimum X) There is a local maximum Y) There is an inflection point Z) The graph is concave up
W: W) There is a local minimum
X: X) There is a local maximum
Y: Y) There is an inflection point
Z: Z) The graph is concave up
Answer: X) X) There is a local maximum
One dimension of a cube is increased by 3, another is decreased by 3, and the other is left unchanged. If the new solid has a volume 45 less than that of the original cube, what was the volume of the original cube?
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Chlorine gas is prepared via the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride. This process also produces what strong base?
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Rank the following three elements in increasing order of first ionization energy: 1) Beryllium; 2) Boron; 3) Carbon.
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Generation of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation is driven by a chemiosmotic gradient of what substance?
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What specific type of glial cell serves as the immune response in the central nervous system?
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Which of the following distributions best describes the emission spectrum of cosmic microwave background radiation? W) Gaussian X) Fermi-Dirac Y) Maxwell-Boltzmann Z) Blackbody
W: W) Gaussian
X: X) Fermi-Dirac
Y: Y) Maxwell-Boltzmann
Z: Z) Blackbody
Answer: Z) Z) Blackbody
A 5-kilogram block is stationary on an inclined plane that is tilted 30° from the horizontal. Increasing the incline by any amount causes the block to slip. To the nearest tenth, what is the coefficient of static friction between the block and the plane?
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If the standard change in Gibbs free energy of a reaction is negative, which of the following MUST be true at standard temperature and pressure? W) Q is greater than one X) K is greater than one Y) Q is less than one Z) K is less than one
W: W) Q is greater than one
X: X) K is greater than one
Y: Y) Q is less than one
Z: Z) K is less than one
Answer: X) X) K is greater than one
Identify all of the following three functional groups that are present in nucleotides: 1) Ether; 2) Alcohol; 3) Thiol.
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true of primary lithium cells: 1) The negative electrode is lithium; 2) They can be recharged; 3) They require no electrolyte.
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Physicists at the SLAC National Accelerator Facility recently provided limited evidence for the hypothesis that the gamma ray, positron, and antiproton excesses from the galactic center were due to annihilation of particles of what theoretical substance?
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A college class contains 25 freshmen, 35 sophomores, and 28 juniors. One of the students receives a phone call during the middle of the class. What is the probability that the ringing phone belongs to a junior?
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What is the sixteenth power of \(1 + i\)?
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What rock is transitional between igneous and metamorphic rocks, in which the felsic minerals have melted and recrystallized but the mafic minerals have not?
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Identify all of the following three oxide minerals in which all of the iron is in the three plus oxidation state: 1) Ferrihydrite; 2) Magnetite; 3) Goethite.
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Chromatin is a complex structure consisting of DNA wrapped around what proteins?
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The somatosensory cortex is located in what lobe of the human cerebral cortex?
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If an exterior angle adjacent to a base angle of an isosceles triangle measures 124 degrees, what is the degree measure of the vertex angle?
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What is the remainder when \(2x^3 + 5x^2 - 6x + 2\) is divided by the binomial \(x + 3\)?
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If the moon is setting around midnight, then it is closest to what phase of the moon?
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Due to tidal interactions, the orbital periods of Ganymede, Europa, and Io form a geometric sequence. When in this order, what is the common ratio of the sequence?
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What is the term for copolymers that contain continuous segments of single monomers, rather than a random assortment of single monomers one after another?
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The osmotic pressure of a 0.5 molar solution of glucose is measured to be 12 atmospheres. To the nearest whole atmosphere, what is the osmotic pressure of a 2-molar solution of glucose?
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In beta plus decay, what specific virtual particle mediates the conversion of a proton into a neutron, positron, and neutrino?
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Two objects each carry one coulomb of excess charge, with one being positive and the other being negative. To the nearest integer multiple of one thousand meters, how far apart must they be so that they have a 22.5-newton attraction between them?
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Identify all of the following three types of genetic material that viruses are known to carry: 1) dsDNA; 2) ssDNA; 3) dsRNA.
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true of G3P and DHAP, the products of aldolase acting upon fructose-1,6-bisphosphate: 1) They are diastereomers of each other; 2) They are both 4-carbon sugars; 3) G3P is used for the next step of glycolysis.
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