HS Sample Set 5, Round 11 from NSB

Questions in Packet

TOSS-UP chem phrase

The following gaseous phase reaction is in equilibrium: $$\displaystyle \mathrm{CO} + 2\mathrm{H}_2 \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{OH}.$$ If you decrease the volume of the container holding the gas, what happens to the equilibrium?

Acceptable Answers:

  • SHIFTS TO THE RIGHT
  • MORE METHANOL IS PRODUCED
  • MORE PRODUCT IS PRODUCED

BONUS chem multiselect

By name or number, identify all of the following four motions that describe how atoms in a methylene group can vibrate: 1) rocking; 2) symmetrical stretching; 3) see-sawing; 4) twisting.

Choices:

  • rocking
  • symmetrical stretching
  • see-sawing
  • twisting

Correct Answers:

  • 1
  • 2
  • 4

TOSS-UP math phrase

At what value of x is the tangent to the curve $$\displaystyle f(x) = 3x^2 - 2x + 1$$ a horizontal line?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 1/3

BONUS math phrase

If $$\displaystyle f(x) = \sqrt{x}$$ over the domain of all nonnegative real numbers and if $$\displaystyle g(x) = \cos x$$ over the domain of the closed interval $$[-\pi,\pi],$$ then what is the domain of $$f\circ g$$?

Acceptable Answers:

  • \([-\,\pi/2,\,\pi/2]\)

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following is TRUE about the electric field just outside the surface of a charged spherical conductor? W) It is zero X) It is infinitely large Y) It is directed perpendicularly to the surface Z) It is directed parallel to the surface

W: W) It is zero

X: X) It is infinitely large

Y: Y) It is directed perpendicularly to the surface

Z: Z) It is directed parallel to the surface

Answer: Y) Y) It is directed perpendicularly to the surface

BONUS phys phrase

A projectile is launched over level ground with a velocity of 100 m/s at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. Given that the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s², what will be the horizontal range of this projectile rounded to the nearest meter?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 866

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following processes would leukocytes employ to destroy bacteria in interstitial spaces? W) Pinocytosis X) Phagocytosis Y) Erythrophagocytosis Z) Efferocytosis

W: W) Pinocytosis

X: X) Phagocytosis

Y: Y) Erythrophagocytosis

Z: Z) Efferocytosis

Answer: X) X) Phagocytosis

BONUS bio phrase

Which pluripotent cell in eukaryotic animals is similar to meristematic cells in higher plants?

Acceptable Answers:

  • EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
  • EMBRYONIC GERM CELLS

DO NOT ACCEPT:

  • STEM CELLS

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following pairs does NOT correctly match the element and its oxidation number? W) Oxygen in H₂O₂ and –2 X) Bromine in Br₂ and 0 Y) Sodium in NaCl and +1 Z) Sulfur in SO₃²⁻ and +4

W: W) Oxygen in H₂O₂ and –2

X: X) Bromine in Br₂ and 0

Y: Y) Sodium in NaCl and +1

Z: Z) Sulfur in SO₃²⁻ and +4

Answer: W) W) Oxygen in H₂O₂ and –2

BONUS chem multiselect

Identify by name or number all of the following five factors upon which the rate of a gaseous phase reaction substantially depends: 1) reactant concentration; 2) molecule size; 3) number of distinct products and reactants; 4) activation energy; 5) pressure.

Choices:

  • reactant concentration
  • molecule size
  • number of distinct products and reactants
  • activation energy
  • pressure

Correct Answers:

  • 1
  • 4
  • 5

TOSS-UP phys phrase

How much work, in joules, is done on a 2000-kg car by applying a 1000-N force to move it 20 m?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 20 000

BONUS phys phrase

A 50-kg person in an elevator is moving upward at a velocity of 2 m/s. Given \(g = 9.8\) m/s², and providing your answer to the nearest ten, how much force, in newtons, is she exerting on the elevator floor?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 490

TOSS-UP ess phrase

What type of reflecting telescope uses a concave primary mirror and a flat diagonal secondary mirror to reflect the image at a 90° angle to an eyepiece mounted on the side of the telescope?

Acceptable Answers:

  • NEWTONIAN

BONUS ess order

According to Bowen’s reaction series, by name or number, which of the following four minerals would be the FIRST and LAST, respectively, to crystallize out of mafic molten rock: 1) plagioclase; 2) olivine; 3) pyroxene; 4) quartz?

Choices:

  • plagioclase
  • olivine
  • pyroxene
  • quartz

Correct Order:

  • 2
  • 4

TOSS-UP phys phrase

A thermodynamic process that takes place at a constant pressure can be described by what adjective?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ISOBARIC

BONUS phys phrase

Using \(g = 9.8\) m/s² and expressing your answer in scientific notation to one significant digit, what is the water pressure, in N/m², at a depth of 2 m in a swimming pool?

Acceptable Answers:

  • \(2\times10^4\)

TOSS-UP energy multiple_choice

Crates A and B have equal mass and travel the same distance on a horizontal track while a constant force \(F\) acts on A and a constant force \(2F\) acts on B. Both crates start from rest. Which of the following equations represents the velocities \(V_A\) and \(V_B\) of A and B at the end of the displacement? W) \(V_B = V_A/2\) X) \(V_B = 2V_A\) Y) \(V_B = \sqrt{2}\,V_A\) Z) \(V_B = 4V_A\)

W: W) \(V_B = V_A/2\)

X: X) \(V_B = 2V_A\)

Y: Y) \(V_B = \sqrt{2}\,V_A\)

Z: Z) \(V_B = 4V_A\)

Answer: X) X) \(V_B = 2V_A\)

BONUS energy phrase

A 100-kg roller coaster starts from rest at a height of 500 m. Given \(g=10\) m/s² and no friction, what speed in m/s will it achieve at the bottom?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 100

TOSS-UP math phrase

Providing your answer as an improper fraction in simplest form, what is the slope of the line tangent to the graph of $$\displaystyle \sqrt[3]{x^2}$$ at the point with coordinates \(\bigl(-\tfrac{1}{8},\tfrac{1}{4}\bigr)\)?

Acceptable Answers:

  • \(-4/3\)

BONUS math phrase

Evaluate the integral: $$\displaystyle \int_{-6}^{0} \sqrt{36 - x^2}\,dx.$$

Acceptable Answers:

  • \(9\pi\)

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the rotation rate of the Sun at its surface? W) It is the same everywhere on the Sun X) It decreases with increasing latitude Y) It increases with increasing latitude Z) It is greatest in two bands at mid-latitude

W: W) It is the same everywhere on the Sun

X: X) It decreases with increasing latitude

Y: Y) It increases with increasing latitude

Z: Z) It is greatest in two bands at mid-latitude

Answer: X) X) It decreases with increasing latitude

BONUS ess phrase

What is the second most prevalent gaseous component of Venus’s atmosphere?

Acceptable Answers:

  • NITROGEN
  • N₂
  • MOLECULAR NITROGEN

TOSS-UP phys phrase

An electric field does 6 J of work on a charged particle, moving it from 1 V to 3 V. What is the charge of the particle in coulombs?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3
  • –3

BONUS phys phrase

Given \(g=10\) m/s² and the speed of sound as 331 m/s, if you dropped a pebble down a well and heard a splash 3 s later, approximately how far down, in meters rounded to the nearest ten, was the water?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 40

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs? W) They are fast moving X) They attract or repel ordinary particles with electrical forces Y) They are more massive than neutrinos Z) They interact with the strong nuclear force

W: W) They are fast moving

X: X) They attract or repel ordinary particles with electrical forces

Y: Y) They are more massive than neutrinos

Z: Z) They interact with the strong nuclear force

Answer: Y) Y) They are more massive than neutrinos

BONUS ess phrase

What is the primary limiting nutrient in oligotrophic lakes?

Acceptable Answers:

  • PHOSPHORUS

TOSS-UP energy multiple_choice

Transformer efficiency is lowered, primarily due to power loss, at which of the following locations? W) The load X) The source Y) The core Z) The grounding point

W: W) The load

X: X) The source

Y: Y) The core

Z: Z) The grounding point

Answer: Y) Y) The core

BONUS energy phrase

For many household appliances, a step-down transformer is used. If such a transformer has an input of 120 V and 0.6 A, and an output of 24 V, what is the maximum possible output current in amperes?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following best explains why a Gram-negative bacterial infection would be more difficult to treat than a Gram-positive one? W) The cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria functions as an endotoxin X) Gram-positive bacteria are facultative anaerobes Y) Gram-positive bacteria have a cell membrane and a secondary lipopolysaccharide layer Z) Gram-negative bacteria have a cell membrane and a secondary lipopolysaccharide layer

W: W) The cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria functions as an endotoxin

X: X) Gram-positive bacteria are facultative anaerobes

Y: Y) Gram-positive bacteria have a cell membrane and a secondary lipopolysaccharide layer

Z: Z) Gram-negative bacteria have a cell membrane and a secondary lipopolysaccharide layer

Answer: Z) Z) Gram-negative bacteria have a cell membrane and a secondary lipopolysaccharide layer

BONUS bio phrase

A protist is found that has an amoeba-like appearance, fuses to form multinucleate structures, lacks chlorophyll, and has sporangia that produce flagellated spores. To what phylum does it belong?

Acceptable Answers:

  • MYXOMYCOTA

TOSS-UP math phrase

If $$f(x,y) = xy + 3xy^2,$$ what is the partial derivative of \(f\) with respect to \(y\)?

Acceptable Answers:

  • \(x + 6xy\)

BONUS math phrase

Approximate the area under \(f(x) = x^2 + 1\) from \(x = 0\) to \(x = 8\) using a midpoint Riemann sum with four equal subintervals.

Acceptable Answers:

  • 176

TOSS-UP bio phrase

Name the class of mollusks in which many larval stages undergo torsion.

Acceptable Answers:

  • GASTROPODA

BONUS bio multiple_choice

Which of the following BEST describes the problem that torsion creates for gastropods? W) More energy is needed to develop a coiled shell X) Waste is expelled above the organism’s head and mouth Y) It limits the amount of space the organism has for growth Z) To eat, an organism must extend its body outside of its protective shell

W: W) More energy is needed to develop a coiled shell

X: X) Waste is expelled above the organism’s head and mouth

Y: Y) It limits the amount of space the organism has for growth

Z: Z) To eat, an organism must extend its body outside of its protective shell

Answer: X) X) Waste is expelled above the organism’s head and mouth

TOSS-UP energy phrase

What kind of chemical reaction is used to produce methane from algae decomposition?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
  • GASIFICATION
  • PYROLYSIS

BONUS energy phrase

You’re designing a battery pack filled with many cell-phone lithium-ion batteries capable of storing 500 MWh of energy. If the battery operates at a constant voltage of 3.6 V, providing your answer in scientific notation with two significant figures, what capacity in ampere-hours would you need to store 500 MWh of energy?

Acceptable Answers:

  • \(1.4\times10^8\)

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

A bucket of hot oil weighing 50 N is lifted at constant velocity up a castle wall that is 10 m high. It takes 20 s to raise the bucket up the wall. How much power was used to raise the bucket? W) 25 W X) 25 J Y) 500 J Z) 500 W

W: W) 25 W

X: X) 25 J

Y: Y) 500 J

Z: Z) 500 W

Answer: W) W) 25 W

BONUS phys phrase

A 3.5 A current is maintained in a simple circuit with a total resistance of 1500 Ω. In coulombs, what net charge passes through any point in the circuit during a 30-s interval?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 105

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following is NOT a response of liver cells to glucagon? W) Decrease of glucose breakdown X) Increase of gluconeogenesis Y) Increase of release of calcium ions Z) Increase of fat synthesis

W: W) Decrease of glucose breakdown

X: X) Increase of gluconeogenesis

Y: Y) Increase of release of calcium ions

Z: Z) Increase of fat synthesis

Answer: Z) Z) Increase of fat synthesis

BONUS bio phrase

What compound is secreted into the digestive system to reduce gastric acidity?

Acceptable Answers:

  • SODIUM BICARBONATE

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is the limit of $$\frac{3x^2 + 6x}{5 + 3x + x^2}$$ as \(x\) goes to infinity?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3

BONUS math phrase

Given $$f(x) = \frac{\tan x}{\sec x},$$ find \(f'(2\pi/3)\).

Acceptable Answers:

  • –1/2

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following compounds is generally considered soluble in water? W) Sodium nitrate X) Magnesium carbonate Y) Silver chloride Z) Barium sulfate

W: W) Sodium nitrate

X: X) Magnesium carbonate

Y: Y) Silver chloride

Z: Z) Barium sulfate

Answer: W) W) Sodium nitrate

BONUS chem multiple_choice

Nitrous acid plus calcium hydroxide yield calcium nitrite plus water. Which of the following represents the coefficients for the compounds, in the order listed, when the reaction is correctly balanced? W) 1, 2, 1, 1 X) 1, 1, 1, 1 Y) 2, 2, 1, 2 Z) 2, 1, 1, 2

W: W) 1, 2, 1, 1

X: X) 1, 1, 1, 1

Y: Y) 2, 2, 1, 2

Z: Z) 2, 1, 1, 2

Answer: Z) Z) 2, 1, 1, 2

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Plate divergence is responsible for all of the following formations, EXCEPT: W) East African Rift Valley X) Iceland Y) East Pacific Rise Z) Indonesian Islands

W: W) East African Rift Valley

X: X) Iceland

Y: Y) East Pacific Rise

Z: Z) Indonesian Islands

Answer: Z) Z) Indonesian Islands

BONUS ess multiselect

By name or number, identify all of the following five geologic formations that are commonly formed at convergent boundaries where one oceanic plate is subducted below another oceanic plate: 1) trench; 2) backarc; 3) basin and range; 4) accretionary wedge; 5) rift zone.

Choices:

  • trench
  • backarc
  • basin and range
  • accretionary wedge
  • rift zone

Correct Answers:

  • 1
  • 2
  • 4

TOSS-UP chem phrase

Name two of the elements that are common exceptions to the octet rule, because they are frequently found in compounds in which they have only six valence electrons.

Acceptable Answers:

  • Any two of BORON; ALUMINUM; BERYLLIUM
  • BORON
  • ALUMINUM
  • BERYLLIUM

BONUS chem multiple_choice

Regarding butylene’s alkene isomers, which of the following statements is correct? W) Some are cis-trans isomers X) Some are chiral Y) Some are enantiomers Z) Some are atropisomers

W: W) Some are cis-trans isomers

X: X) Some are chiral

Y: Y) Some are enantiomers

Z: Z) Some are atropisomers

Answer: W) W) Some are cis-trans isomers

TOSS-UP bio phrase

When a plant cell is placed into a hypertonic solution, the cytoplasm in the plant cell shrinks away from the cell wall. What is the term that describes this phenomenon?

Acceptable Answers:

  • PLASMOLYSIS

DO NOT ACCEPT:

  • OSMOSIS
  • LYSIS

BONUS bio phrase

What is the adjective used to describe animals that produce live offspring that, prior to birth, were nourished via a placenta?

Acceptable Answers:

  • VIVIPAROUS