HS Sample Set 8, Round 7 from NSB
A sloppy chemist forgets to label two beakers. One contains barium chloride solution, and the other contains magnesium chloride solution. The chemist decides to add a third solution to each beaker in order to distinguish the two. Which of the following reagents would form a precipitate in only one of the two beakers? W) Sodium sulfate X) Sodium carbonate Y) Silver nitrate Z) Ammonium chloride
W: W) Sodium sulfate
X: X) Sodium carbonate
Y: Y) Silver nitrate
Z: Z) Ammonium chloride
Answer: W) W) Sodium sulfate
Rank, by name or number, the following three molecules or polyatomic ions from the one containing oxygen atoms in the least negative oxidation state, to the one containing oxygen atoms in the most negative oxidation state: 1) ozonide; 2) peroxide; 3) oxygen gas.
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In photorespiration, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase binds what molecule instead of carbon dioxide?
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Which of the following would you NOT expect to experience during fasting or starvation? W) Increase in ketone body formation X) Decrease in plasma fatty acid levels Y) Depletion of glycogen Z) Increased use of ketones for ATP production in the brain
W: W) Increase in ketone body formation
X: X) Decrease in plasma fatty acid levels
Y: Y) Depletion of glycogen
Z: Z) Increased use of ketones for ATP production in the brain
Answer: X) X) Decrease in plasma fatty acid levels
What is the SI unit used to measure capacitance, or the ability of a body to store an electrical charge?
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Which of the following foods has the highest energy density? W) Lean meat of a rabbit X) Cell wall of celery Y) Pericarp of an apple Z) Butter churned from milk
W: W) Lean meat of a rabbit
X: X) Cell wall of celery
Y: Y) Pericarp of an apple
Z: Z) Butter churned from milk
Answer: Z) Z) Butter churned from milk
Over a 720 minute period, through what angle in degrees does the Earth rotate?
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Which of the following measures of natural disasters reflects only properties associated with the natural phenomenon and not damage to the human built environment? W) Moment Magnitude Scale X) Fujita Scale Y) Modified Mercalli Scale Z) Saffir–Simpson Scale
W: W) Moment Magnitude Scale
X: X) Fujita Scale
Y: Y) Modified Mercalli Scale
Z: Z) Saffir–Simpson Scale
Answer: W) W) Moment Magnitude Scale
What is the smallest possible value for the sum of a positive number and its own reciprocal?
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If \(a^2 - 2ab + b^2 = x\), where \(a\) is an odd integer and \(b\) is an even integer, which of the following MUST be true about \(x\)? W) \(x\) is a prime number X) \(x\) is divisible by 3 Y) \(x\) is an even perfect square Z) \(x\) is an odd perfect square
W: W) \(x\) is a prime number
X: X) \(x\) is divisible by 3
Y: Y) \(x\) is an even perfect square
Z: Z) \(x\) is an odd perfect square
Answer: Z) Z) \(x\) is an odd perfect square
What general class of animal tissue is characterized by the presence of collagen?
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Which of the following steroid hormones is the precursor to all of the others listed in the answer choices? W) Estrone X) Testosterone Y) Progesterone Z) Androstenedione
W: W) Estrone
X: X) Testosterone
Y: Y) Progesterone
Z: Z) Androstenedione
Answer: Y) Y) Progesterone
You take an IR spectrum that has a long, broad peak just below 3000 cm⁻¹. Which of the following is the likely identification of the molecule? W) Nonane X) Methylcyclopentane Y) Hexene Z) Pentanol
W: W) Nonane
X: X) Methylcyclopentane
Y: Y) Hexene
Z: Z) Pentanol
Answer: Z) Z) Pentanol
Which of the following compounds is most thermodynamically unstable? W) Nitrogen trifluoride X) Nitrogen trichloride Y) Nitrogen tribromide Z) Nitrogen triiodide
W: W) Nitrogen trifluoride
X: X) Nitrogen trichloride
Y: Y) Nitrogen tribromide
Z: Z) Nitrogen triiodide
Answer: Z) Z) Nitrogen triiodide
How much energy, in joules, does a circuit containing a 9 volt battery and a 6 Ω resistor dissipate over 8 seconds?
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If the radius of a body is smaller than its Schwarzschild radius, the body becomes what?
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Which of the following statements is true about kaolinite? W) It has an inosilicate structure X) It has a high cation exchange capacity Y) It is a magnesium-rich silicate Z) It is a non-expanding clay
W: W) It has an inosilicate structure
X: X) It has a high cation exchange capacity
Y: Y) It is a magnesium-rich silicate
Z: Z) It is a non-expanding clay
Answer: Z) Z) It is a non-expanding clay
Which of the following meteorological sensors is not part of the suite of sensors on the Mars Rover Curiosity? W) Anemometer X) Thermometer Y) Barometer Z) Psychrometer
W: W) Anemometer
X: X) Thermometer
Y: Y) Barometer
Z: Z) Psychrometer
Answer: Z) Z) Psychrometer
Which of the following animal cell junctions is most similar in function to plant cell plasmodesmata? W) Gap junction X) Tight junction Y) Desmosome Z) Adherens junction
W: W) Gap junction
X: X) Tight junction
Y: Y) Desmosome
Z: Z) Adherens junction
Answer: W) W) Gap junction
Luke Skywalker is looking for evidence about whether Darth Vader was his father. Luke has blood type A, and medical records show that his mother had blood type AB. What are all the possible blood types that Luke’s father could be?
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Determine \(\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{x+1}{x}.\)
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Consider a circle in which a square is inscribed. Inscribed within that square is another circle. If the innermost circle has circumference of \(12\pi\), what is the area of the outermost circle? W) \(64\pi\) X) \(72\pi\) Y) \(88\pi\) Z) \(96\pi\)
W: W) \(64\pi\)
X: X) \(72\pi\)
Y: Y) \(88\pi\)
Z: Z) \(96\pi\)
Answer: X) X) \(72\pi\)
What is the power generated by a circuit with a total current of 6 A running through two resistors in parallel of 2 Ω and 6 Ω? W) 40 W X) 54 W Y) 66 W Z) 70 W
W: W) 40 W
X: X) 54 W
Y: Y) 66 W
Z: Z) 70 W
Answer: X) X) 54 W
Consider a Carnot engine operating between two reservoirs of different temperatures. If the temperatures in Kelvin of both reservoirs are doubled, by what factor is the efficiency multiplied?
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Which of the following would be the most appropriate SN2 leaving group? W) Hydroxyl X) O-Trifluoromethanesulfonate Y) O-Ethyl Z) O-Acyl
W: W) Hydroxyl
X: X) O-Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Y: Y) O-Ethyl
Z: Z) O-Acyl
Answer: X) X) O-Trifluoromethanesulfonate
What is a chief difference between an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell? W) Galvanic cells convert electrical energy into chemical energy; electrolytic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy X) Galvanic cells spontaneously produce an electrical current; an external voltage must be applied to an electrolytic cell Y) Oxidation occurs at the anode for a galvanic cell and at the cathode for an electrolytic cell Z) Reduction occurs at the anode for a galvanic cell and at the cathode for an electrolytic cell
W: W) Galvanic cells convert electrical energy into chemical energy; electrolytic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy
X: X) Galvanic cells spontaneously produce an electrical current; an external voltage must be applied to an electrolytic cell
Y: Y) Oxidation occurs at the anode for a galvanic cell and at the cathode for an electrolytic cell
Z: Z) Reduction occurs at the anode for a galvanic cell and at the cathode for an electrolytic cell
Answer: X) X) Galvanic cells spontaneously produce an electrical current; an external voltage must be applied to an electrolytic cell
Which of the following animals transfers oxygen to blood via a process called countercurrent exchange? W) Goldfish X) Tarantula Y) Hummingbird Z) Mole
W: W) Goldfish
X: X) Tarantula
Y: Y) Hummingbird
Z: Z) Mole
Answer: W) W) Goldfish
In a human, breathing air with too much carbon dioxide would lead to all of the following except: W) A reduction in oxygen carrying capacity X) A decrease in oxygen affinity for hemoglobin Y) Facilitation of oxygen to tissues Z) A rightward shift of the oxygen equilibrium curve
W: W) A reduction in oxygen carrying capacity
X: X) A decrease in oxygen affinity for hemoglobin
Y: Y) Facilitation of oxygen to tissues
Z: Z) A rightward shift of the oxygen equilibrium curve
Answer: W) W) A reduction in oxygen carrying capacity
Which of the following is responsible for auroras occurring mainly in the polar regions? W) The moon X) Low temperatures Y) The geomagnetic field Z) The earth’s equatorial bulge
W: W) The moon
X: X) Low temperatures
Y: Y) The geomagnetic field
Z: Z) The earth’s equatorial bulge
Answer: Y) Y) The geomagnetic field
Below the carbonate compensation depth, what sort of deep ocean ooze can no longer form?
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In an adiabatic process, in which direction does heat flow between the system and surroundings? W) Out of the system X) Into the system Y) No heat flow into or out of the system Z) Through the system’s boundaries
W: W) Out of the system
X: X) Into the system
Y: Y) No heat flow into or out of the system
Z: Z) Through the system’s boundaries
Answer: Y) Y) No heat flow into or out of the system
In a solar power tower system, what are the names of the mirrors that focus sunlight onto a pipe located at the focal line, heating up fluid inside and producing steam that drives a turbine?
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A car leaves its original location traveling due west at a speed of 60 mph and arrives at its destination in 3 hours. Later that day, the car returns to its original location. At what speed, in miles per hour, did it travel to cover the same distance in 2 hours?
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Simplify: \(\frac{\log_b\bigl(b^{a^b}\bigr)}{\bigl(\log_a(a^b)\bigr)^a}.\)
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Two objects collide in a perfectly inelastic collision. Which of the following quantities is not conserved in the collision? W) Kinetic energy X) Momentum Y) Potential energy Z) Total energy
W: W) Kinetic energy
X: X) Momentum
Y: Y) Potential energy
Z: Z) Total energy
Answer: W) W) Kinetic energy
A Carnot engine takes 2000 J of heat from a reservoir at 500 K, does some work, and then discards some heat to a reservoir at 300 K. How much heat, in joules, is discarded by the Carnot engine?
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What disadvantage does the presence of introns and exons give eukaryotes when compared to other organisms? W) The ability to produce more proteins from the same primary transcript X) Greater stability during reproduction Y) Lower error rate during replication Z) Mutations are harder to detect
W: W) The ability to produce more proteins from the same primary transcript
X: X) Greater stability during reproduction
Y: Y) Lower error rate during replication
Z: Z) Mutations are harder to detect
Answer: Z) Z) Mutations are harder to detect
Over time, a large mountain range forms, separating two populations of squirrels for multiple generations. Which of the following pairs of terms best describes this speciation event? W) Anagenesis and allopatric speciation X) Cladogenesis and allopatric speciation Y) Anagenesis and sympatric speciation Z) Cladogenesis and sympatric speciation
W: W) Anagenesis and allopatric speciation
X: X) Cladogenesis and allopatric speciation
Y: Y) Anagenesis and sympatric speciation
Z: Z) Cladogenesis and sympatric speciation
Answer: X) X) Cladogenesis and allopatric speciation
Lithium dialkylcuprates can be used in carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions and are usually known as what named reagent? W) Grignard X) Gilman Y) Wittig Z) Birch
W: W) Grignard
X: X) Gilman
Y: Y) Wittig
Z: Z) Birch
Answer: X) X) Gilman
Identify the enzyme that cleaves the first peptide bond at the C-terminal end of a peptide or protein and the organ where the enzyme is synthesized.
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Differentiate the following expression with respect to \(x\), provided \(x\neq0\): \(\frac{x}{|x|}.\)
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If \(f(x)=\frac{1+x}{x}\), which of the following is equivalent to \(f(x)\)? W) \(f(-x)\) X) \(f\bigl(\tfrac1x\bigr)\) Y) \(f\bigl(-\tfrac1x\bigr)\) Z) \(\tfrac1x\,f\bigl(\tfrac1x\bigr)\)
W: W) \(f(-x)\)
X: X) \(f\bigl(\tfrac1x\bigr)\)
Y: Y) \(f\bigl(-\tfrac1x\bigr)\)
Z: Z) \(\tfrac1x\,f\bigl(\tfrac1x\bigr)\)
Answer: Z) Z) \(\tfrac1x\,f\bigl(\tfrac1x\bigr)\)
The statement that all points on a wavefront will serve as point sources for secondary wavelets is based on what principle?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true of the cosmic microwave background radiation: 1) The temperature of the radiation can be approximated by a black body; 2) The thermal black body spectrum is at a temperature of approximately 6 K; 3) The radiation is strongest in the radio and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Which of the following is true about the Labrador Sea Water mass (LSW)? W) It is formed in the western Labrador Sea in the late spring X) It travels south along the western edge of the North Atlantic Basin Y) It has decreased in temperature in recent decades Z) It does not enter the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic
W: W) It is formed in the western Labrador Sea in the late spring
X: X) It travels south along the western edge of the North Atlantic Basin
Y: Y) It has decreased in temperature in recent decades
Z: Z) It does not enter the subtropical gyre of the North Atlantic
Answer: X) X) It travels south along the western edge of the North Atlantic Basin
Which of the following volcanic hazards occurred from Mount Nyiragongo in 1977, killing 70 people in nearby villages? W) Eruption of a pyroclastic flow X) Draining of a lava lake Y) Eruption of a noxious gas cloud Z) Creation of a large lahar
W: W) Eruption of a pyroclastic flow
X: X) Draining of a lava lake
Y: Y) Eruption of a noxious gas cloud
Z: Z) Creation of a large lahar
Answer: X) X) Draining of a lava lake