HS Sample Set 9, Round 12 from NSB
If the radius of a right circular cylinder is doubled, by what factor must the height be multiplied in order to keep the volume the same?
Acceptable Answers:
Find an antiderivative with respect to x for the fraction with numerator \(e^{2x}\) and denominator \(1 + e^{4x}\).
Acceptable Answers:
In order for a process to have no change in entropy, which of the following properties must it possess? W) Spontaneous X) Reversible Y) Endothermic Z) Exothermic
W: W) Spontaneous
X: X) Reversible
Y: Y) Endothermic
Z: Z) Exothermic
Answer: X) X) Reversible
A circular coil consisting of 100 loops has a cross-sectional area of 0.005 m² and a resistance of 3 Ω. If a time-varying magnetic field \(B\) is oriented parallel to the axis of the coil, what is the magnitude of \(\frac{dB}{dt}\) that induces a 2.0 A current in the wire?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is a cloud type that, by definition, produces precipitation? W) Stratocumulus X) Altostratus Y) Nimbostratus Z) Altocumulus
W: W) Stratocumulus
X: X) Altostratus
Y: Y) Nimbostratus
Z: Z) Altocumulus
Answer: Y) Y) Nimbostratus
Which of the following explains why the number and intensity of wave cyclones is greatest during the late fall, winter, and spring months? W) Air is drier X) Density of the air is greatest Y) Temperature contrasts are greater Z) Temperatures are below freezing
W: W) Air is drier
X: X) Density of the air is greatest
Y: Y) Temperature contrasts are greater
Z: Z) Temperatures are below freezing
Answer: Y) Y) Temperature contrasts are greater
Which of the following is not true of oxalic acid? W) It is a diprotic acid X) It can be oxidized to carbon dioxide Y) It contains three oxygen atoms per molecule Z) It contains two carbon atoms per molecule
W: W) It is a diprotic acid
X: X) It can be oxidized to carbon dioxide
Y: Y) It contains three oxygen atoms per molecule
Z: Z) It contains two carbon atoms per molecule
Answer: Y) Y) It contains three oxygen atoms per molecule
If the equilibrium constant \(K\) for the reaction \(A \to B\) is \(2.0\times10^{-5}\), what is the equilibrium constant for the reaction \(2B \to 2A\)?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chordates? W) Notochord X) Pharyngeal slits Y) Radial symmetry Z) Post-anal tail
W: W) Notochord
X: X) Pharyngeal slits
Y: Y) Radial symmetry
Z: Z) Post-anal tail
Answer: Y) Y) Radial symmetry
What type of enzyme, produced as part of bacterial immunity against viruses, recognizes palindromic sites on foreign DNA and cleaves them?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a sparkless fuel-injection piston engine and can be found in certain types of automobiles?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the name given to organisms that can use either fermentation or respiration to produce enough ATP to survive?
Acceptable Answers:
A Diophantine equation is a polynomial equation in two or more variables such that the solutions are what type of number?
Acceptable Answers:
If \(x\) is measured in radians, find all values of \(x\) between 0 and \(2\pi\) that satisfy \[ \sin^2 x = 2\cos^4 x. \]
Acceptable Answers:
The half-life of substance X is 45 years and it decomposes to substance Y. A sample of substance Z contained 1.5% of X and 13.5% of Y by mass. If Y is not normally found in Z, estimate the age of Z in years. W) 45 X) 100 Y) 140 Z) 270
W: W) 45
X: X) 100
Y: Y) 140
Z: Z) 270
Answer: Y) Y) 140
What substance, first postulated by Fritz Zwicky, is thought to be responsible for aberrations between theorized and observed orbital velocities of galaxies?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the name for the non-dimensional, unitless quantity that indicates how well a surface reflects solar energy?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the ocean floor? W) Continental shelves generally overlay oceanic crust X) The continental shelf tends to be fairly featureless Y) Continental shelves represent less than 10% of the total ocean area Z) Continental shelves are saturated with water
W: W) Continental shelves generally overlay oceanic crust
X: X) The continental shelf tends to be fairly featureless
Y: Y) Continental shelves represent less than 10% of the total ocean area
Z: Z) Continental shelves are saturated with water
Answer: W) W) Continental shelves generally overlay oceanic crust
Which of the following statements is true for an ideal solution? W) The enthalpy of solution is exothermic X) The vapor pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the molality of the solvent Y) Solvent particles interact more strongly with solute particles than other solvent particles Z) Raoult’s Law is obeyed
W: W) The enthalpy of solution is exothermic
X: X) The vapor pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the molality of the solvent
Y: Y) Solvent particles interact more strongly with solute particles than other solvent particles
Z: Z) Raoult’s Law is obeyed
Answer: Z) Z) Raoult’s Law is obeyed
The rate-limiting step for a reaction involving reactant X is \(X + X \to Y\). Which of the following quantities plotted against time would produce a straight line? W) \(1/[\text{X}]\) X) \([\text{X}]\) Y) \(\ln[\text{X}]\) Z) \([\text{X}]^2\)
W: W) \(1/[\text{X}]\)
X: X) \([\text{X}]\)
Y: Y) \(\ln[\text{X}]\)
Z: Z) \([\text{X}]^2\)
Answer: W) W) \(1/[\text{X}]\)
Identify all of the following three choices that represent dangers to biodiversity: 1) Allowing fallow farmland to regrow with weeds 2) Importing an Australian moth to deal with pests on farmland 3) Relocating mountain lions that have moved into human habitats
Choices:
Correct Answers:
In which of the following organisms would you most likely be able to find contractile vacuoles? W) Cytomegalovirus X) E. coli Y) Paramecium Z) Xenopus
W: W) Cytomegalovirus
X: X) E. coli
Y: Y) Paramecium
Z: Z) Xenopus
Answer: Y) Y) Paramecium
For what values of \(x\) does the function \(f(x)=\frac{x-2}{x^2-4}\) have a vertical asymptote?
Acceptable Answers:
Evaluate the following definite integral: \[ \displaystyle \int_{-3}^{0} \sqrt{9 - x^2}\,dx. \]
Acceptable Answers:
What type of early particle accelerator, invented in the 1930s, consists of an evacuated chamber inside a uniform magnetic field in which particles orbit circularly in and out of D-shaped conductors?
Acceptable Answers:
An ideal refrigerator absorbs heat at \(-23^\circ\)C and exhausts it at \(27^\circ\)C. Find its coefficient of performance (COP) to the nearest integer.
Acceptable Answers:
Detecting signatures of gravitational waves on the cosmic microwave background would lend support to what theory first proposed by Alan Guth?
Acceptable Answers:
What causes clouds of matter to flatten during the development of a protostar? W) Rotation X) Energy release Y) Gravity Z) Diffusion
W: W) Rotation
X: X) Energy release
Y: Y) Gravity
Z: Z) Diffusion
Answer: W) W) Rotation
What is the energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist called?
Acceptable Answers:
What type of compression, found in the Rankine and Otto cycles, compresses the gas without removing any heat from it?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is true concerning a chemical system at a state of dynamic equilibrium? W) Forward and reverse rate constants are both equal to one X) Change in enthalpy for the reaction at standard state is zero Y) Change in Gibbs free energy is zero Z) Molar entropy of products minus molar entropy of reactants is zero
W: W) Forward and reverse rate constants are both equal to one
X: X) Change in enthalpy for the reaction at standard state is zero
Y: Y) Change in Gibbs free energy is zero
Z: Z) Molar entropy of products minus molar entropy of reactants is zero
Answer: Y) Y) Change in Gibbs free energy is zero
Approximating copper(II) chloride’s molar mass as 133 g/mol, and assuming that the boiling-point elevation constant for water is 0.5 °C per molal, calculate the boiling point (°C) to one decimal place of a solution prepared by dissolving 80 g of copper(II) chloride in 1 kg of water.
Acceptable Answers:
If the difference between two prime numbers is 11, what is their sum?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the largest prime factor of the quantity \(4^{2013} + 4^{2014} + 4^{2015}\)?
Acceptable Answers:
Complete beta oxidation of odd-numbered saturated fatty acids requires what vitamin that is not required for the beta oxidation of even-numbered saturated fatty acids?
Acceptable Answers:
Identify all of the following three pieces of evidence that lend credence to the endosymbiotic theory: 1) Chloroplasts contain their own genomes 2) Mitochondria contain bacteria-like ribosomes 3) All mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the nucleus
Choices:
Correct Answers:
Identify all of the following three statements that explain why the actual acceleration due to gravity at any point on the Earth’s surface would be different from the value calculated via Newton’s Law of Gravitation: 1) The Earth’s mass is not uniformly distributed 2) The Earth is not perfectly spherical 3) The Earth is rotating
Choices:
Correct Answers:
A rollercoaster cart slides down a frictionless track and then goes around the inside of a loop-the-loop with radius \(R\). In terms of \(R\), what is the minimum height the cart must start at in order to just make it around the loop?
Acceptable Answers:
The breakdown of glycogen as a source of energy involves conversion of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate monomers, which then enter glycolysis. What intermediate is produced by the breakdown of glycogen that is then converted to glucose-6-phosphate?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is NOT true of the citric acid cycle? W) FADH₂ is produced by the oxidation of succinate X) The conversion of malate to oxaloacetate produces NADH Y) The production of succinate results in the release of Coenzyme A Z) The citric acid cycle produces 4 NADH and 1 FADH₂ per turn
W: W) FADH₂ is produced by the oxidation of succinate
X: X) The conversion of malate to oxaloacetate produces NADH
Y: Y) The production of succinate results in the release of Coenzyme A
Z: Z) The citric acid cycle produces 4 NADH and 1 FADH₂ per turn
Answer: Z) Z) The citric acid cycle produces 4 NADH and 1 FADH₂ per turn
What are the mating structures of basidiomycetes called?
Acceptable Answers:
What largely parasympathetic nerve innervates the heart and is responsible for slowing heart rate and lowering ventricular contractility in a “rest and digest” state?
Acceptable Answers:
Pompeii was destroyed by what volcanic phenomenon, sometimes called “glowing avalanches”?
Acceptable Answers:
What soil horizon is the loosest and is characterized by partly decayed organic matter?
Acceptable Answers:
What group 14 element has the highest melting point?
Acceptable Answers:
Identify all of the following three statements concerning electrochemistry that are true: 1) A Faraday is the number of coulombs of charge generated by 1 mole of electrons 2) The oxidation of copper into copper(II) ions can spontaneously drive the reduction of protons into hydrogen gas at standard state 3) The oxidation of zinc into zinc(II) ions can spontaneously drive the reduction of protons into hydrogen gas at standard state
Choices:
Correct Answers: