HS Sample Set 8, Round 13 from NSB
In 2014, January 1st fell on a Wednesday. What is the next year that January 1st will fall on a Wednesday? W) 2015 X) 2019 Y) 2020 Z) 2025
W: W) 2015
X: X) 2019
Y: Y) 2020
Z: Z) 2025
Answer: Y) Y) 2020
The sums of three whole numbers taken in pairs are 11, 13, and 16. What is the product of these three numbers?
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During which of the following phases of an action potential do voltage-gated sodium channels begin to close? W) Rising phase X) Falling phase Y) After hyperpolarization Z) Refractory period
W: W) Rising phase
X: X) Falling phase
Y: Y) After hyperpolarization
Z: Z) Refractory period
Answer: X) X) Falling phase
In humans, in addition to transferring antibodies, colostrum also stimulates the development of the neonatal gut through the transference of which of the following? W) Pheromones X) Non-heritable mutations Y) Beta-galactose Z) Growth factors
W: W) Pheromones
X: X) Non-heritable mutations
Y: Y) Beta-galactose
Z: Z) Growth factors
Answer: Z) Z) Growth factors
Halogenation will occur fastest between methane and the radical of which of the following elements? W) Chlorine X) Iodine Y) Fluorine Z) Bromine
W: W) Chlorine
X: X) Iodine
Y: Y) Fluorine
Z: Z) Bromine
Answer: Y) Y) Fluorine
In terms of the ideal gas constant \(R\), what is the constant-pressure heat capacity, per mole, of a monatomic ideal gas?
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An antihydrogen atom is made of what two components? W) An antiproton and a positron X) An antiproton and an electron Y) A proton and a positron Z) A proton and a neutrino
W: W) An antiproton and a positron
X: X) An antiproton and an electron
Y: Y) A proton and a positron
Z: Z) A proton and a neutrino
Answer: W) W) An antiproton and a positron
A capillary tube with an inner radius of 0.1 mm is partially dipped in a liquid with surface tension 0.1 N/m and contact angle ≈ 0°. The liquid’s density is that of water. Calculate the liquid rise in the tube. W) 2 mm X) 2 cm Y) 20 cm Z) 2 m
W: W) 2 mm
X: X) 2 cm
Y: Y) 20 cm
Z: Z) 2 m
Answer: Y) Y) 20 cm
At a latitude of 45°, which of the following is closest to the percentage of astronomical sources that are circumpolar? W) 0% X) 30% Y) 50% Z) 100%
W: W) 0%
X: X) 30%
Y: Y) 50%
Z: Z) 100%
Answer: X) X) 30%
A poikiloblastic texture is characterized by which of the following? W) Idioblasts embedded within a fine matrix X) Homogeneously xenoblastic with little to no alteration minerals Y) Fine, phyllitic foliation accompanied by porphyroblasts Z) Inclusions from other minerals enveloped during porphyroblast growth
W: W) Idioblasts embedded within a fine matrix
X: X) Homogeneously xenoblastic with little to no alteration minerals
Y: Y) Fine, phyllitic foliation accompanied by porphyroblasts
Z: Z) Inclusions from other minerals enveloped during porphyroblast growth
Answer: Z) Z) Inclusions from other minerals enveloped during porphyroblast growth
Which of the following phases of meiosis is longest? W) Prophase I X) Prophase II Y) Metaphase I Z) Anaphase II
W: W) Prophase I
X: X) Prophase II
Y: Y) Metaphase I
Z: Z) Anaphase II
Answer: W) W) Prophase I
Arrange the following three steps of cell respiration from lowest to highest in terms of net NADH produced per glucose: 1) Glycolysis; 2) Electron transport chain; 3) Krebs cycle.
Choices:
Correct Order:
What major rock type is the medium for fracking? W) Schist X) Shale Y) Basalt Z) Limestone
W: W) Schist
X: X) Shale
Y: Y) Basalt
Z: Z) Limestone
Answer: X) X) Shale
What substance was the primary fuel source for NASA space shuttles? W) Propane X) Helium gas Y) Liquid hydrogen Z) Methane
W: W) Propane
X: X) Helium gas
Y: Y) Liquid hydrogen
Z: Z) Methane
Answer: Y) Y) Liquid hydrogen
Which of the following is the full list of products produced by the mild heating of sodium bicarbonate at about 80 °C? W) Sodium oxide and carbon dioxide X) Sodium peroxide and carbon dioxide Y) Sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide Z) Sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide
W: W) Sodium oxide and carbon dioxide
X: X) Sodium peroxide and carbon dioxide
Y: Y) Sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide
Z: Z) Sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide
Answer: Y) Y) Sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide
What rule is used to predict the aromaticity of conjugated alkenes?
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Which of the following does not interact with a magnetic field? W) A magnet at rest X) Moving electric charges Y) A moving magnet Z) Electric charges at rest
W: W) A magnet at rest
X: X) Moving electric charges
Y: Y) A moving magnet
Z: Z) Electric charges at rest
Answer: Z) Z) Electric charges at rest
The closest distance at which Gina can properly focus is 100 cm; her normal vision distance is 0.25 m. What power (in diopters) must her converging lens have? W) –3 X) –0.03 Y) 0.03 Z) 3
W: W) –3
X: X) –0.03
Y: Y) 0.03
Z: Z) 3
Answer: Z) Z) 3
Which structure would most likely have been absent from the last common ancestor of osteichthyans and chondrichthyans? W) Teeth X) Gills Y) Scales Z) Swim bladder
W: W) Teeth
X: X) Gills
Y: Y) Scales
Z: Z) Swim bladder
Answer: Z) Z) Swim bladder
Place the following four animals in order of lowest to highest energy cost per unit body weight for temperature regulation: 1) Python; 2) Canary; 3) Human; 4) Poodle.
Choices:
Correct Order:
Which of the following composes most of the insoluble residues of limestones? W) Calcite matrix X) Crystalline quartz Y) Chert nodules Z) Clay minerals
W: W) Calcite matrix
X: X) Crystalline quartz
Y: Y) Chert nodules
Z: Z) Clay minerals
Answer: Y) Y) Chert nodules
Long-term preservation of deep-sea carbonates is rare because: W) Most ocean crust and overlying sediments are subducted X) Carbonates readily dissolve along the ocean floor when exposed to seawater Y) There is little carbonate-forming material in ocean water Z) Carbonates react with silicates in the deep ocean
W: W) Most ocean crust and overlying sediments are subducted
X: X) Carbonates readily dissolve along the ocean floor when exposed to seawater
Y: Y) There is little carbonate-forming material in ocean water
Z: Z) Carbonates react with silicates in the deep ocean
Answer: W) W) Most ocean crust and overlying sediments are subducted
The van der Waals equation for real gases contains parameters \(a\) and \(b\). Which state function from the ideal gas law does \(a\) modify?
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Which statement about the particle-in-a-box model is false? W) The potential well is approximated to be infinitely deep X) The ground state energy increases with the length of the box Y) The energy levels are quantized Z) The energy of level \(n\) is proportional to \(n^2\)
W: W) The potential well is approximated to be infinitely deep
X: X) The ground state energy increases with the length of the box
Y: Y) The energy levels are quantized
Z: Z) The energy of level \(n\) is proportional to \(n^2\)
Answer: X) X) The ground state energy increases with the length of the box
If \(\displaystyle \frac{2x}{3} - \frac{x}{6}\) is an integer, which of the following MUST be true about \(x\)? W) \(x\) is negative X) \(x\) is a multiple of two Y) \(x\) is a multiple of three Z) \(x\) is odd
W: W) \(x\) is negative
X: X) \(x\) is a multiple of two
Y: Y) \(x\) is a multiple of three
Z: Z) \(x\) is odd
Answer: X) X) \(x\) is a multiple of two
What is the smallest positive integer that can be added to 2500 to get a perfect square?
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A 100-mile, 765 kV line carrying 1000 MW can have losses of 0.5–1.1%. Which best approximates the ratio of those losses to the 1.0% losses of a 345 kV line over the same distance? W) 1/10 X) 1/4 Y) 4/1 Z) 10/1
W: W) 1/10
X: X) 1/4
Y: Y) 4/1
Z: Z) 10/1
Answer: Y) Y) 4/1
If a distribution line has 1 Ω per 1000 m and carries 50 A, what is the voltage drop over 10 km?
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Identify all of the following neurotransmitters that have only excitatory actions: 1) Acetylcholine; 2) GABA; 3) Glutamate.
Choices:
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Which specific stomach cell type produces hydrochloric acid in response to gastrin?
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Which of the following organic functional groups does NOT exhibit sp² hybridization? W) Ketones X) Aldehydes Y) Amides Z) Amines
W: W) Ketones
X: X) Aldehydes
Y: Y) Amides
Z: Z) Amines
Answer: Z) Z) Amines
Which is true of the alkaline earth elements? W) Compounds of beryllium have the most covalent character X) Melting point increases down the group Y) Atomic radius decreases down the group Z) Barium gives a red flame test
W: W) Compounds of beryllium have the most covalent character
X: X) Melting point increases down the group
Y: Y) Atomic radius decreases down the group
Z: Z) Barium gives a red flame test
Answer: W) W) Compounds of beryllium have the most covalent character
Which of the following statements is TRUE? W) \(-7\) is not a prime number X) \(e^{i\pi} = -e^{-i\pi}\) Y) Perpendicular lines in the plane have slopes that are negative reciprocals Z) There is no number \(a\) such that \(\log(-a)\) exists
W: W) \(-7\) is not a prime number
X: X) \(e^{i\pi} = -e^{-i\pi}\)
Y: Y) Perpendicular lines in the plane have slopes that are negative reciprocals
Z: Z) There is no number \(a\) such that \(\log(-a)\) exists
Answer: W) W) \(-7\) is not a prime number
A circle is divided into 8 sectors whose central angles are integers forming an arithmetic sequence with first term 3. What is the common difference?
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Assuming the heat of fusion of water is 80 cal/g, what is the increase in entropy (cal/K) when a 273 g block of ice at 0 °C melts?
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An \(\alpha\)-particle and a proton, both starting at rest, are accelerated through 10⁵ kV. What is the ratio \(K_\alpha/K_p\) of their kinetic energies? W) 1/4 X) 1/2 Y) 2 Z) 4
W: W) 1/4
X: X) 1/2
Y: Y) 2
Z: Z) 4
Answer: Y) Y) 2
What happens if a white dwarf in a binary exceeds its Roche lobe? W) Its companion transfers mass to it until it shrinks below its Roche lobe X) It forms a planetary nebula Y) It continues to expand and ablate onto its companion Z) It transfers matter to its companion until it shrinks below its Roche lobe
W: W) Its companion transfers mass to it until it shrinks below its Roche lobe
X: X) It forms a planetary nebula
Y: Y) It continues to expand and ablate onto its companion
Z: Z) It transfers matter to its companion until it shrinks below its Roche lobe
Answer: Z) Z) It transfers matter to its companion until it shrinks below its Roche lobe
Which describes the carbonate compensation depth (CCD)? W) Occurs between 2,000–3,000 m X) Varies by latitude: deeper at equator, shallower at poles Y) Restricted to polar waters Z) Depth where carbonate formation rate doubles that in shallower water
W: W) Occurs between 2,000–3,000 m
X: X) Varies by latitude: deeper at equator, shallower at poles
Y: Y) Restricted to polar waters
Z: Z) Depth where carbonate formation rate doubles that in shallower water
Answer: X) X) Varies by latitude: deeper at equator, shallower at poles
Which best describes the elementary kinetic step where a proton transfers directly between an ammonium ion and water? W) Unimolecular X) Bimolecular Y) Trimolecular Z) Tetramolecular
W: W) Unimolecular
X: X) Bimolecular
Y: Y) Trimolecular
Z: Z) Tetramolecular
Answer: X) X) Bimolecular
One liter of saturated Ag₂CrO₄ solution contains 2.0×10⁻⁴ mol Ag⁺ and 3.0×10⁻⁵ mol CrO₄²⁻. To two significant figures and in scientific notation, what is \(K_{sp}\) of silver chromate?
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Which vitamin deficiency causes the condition “Pellagra”? W) Vitamin B₃ X) Vitamin B₆ Y) Vitamin B₂ Z) Vitamin B₁
W: W) Vitamin B₃
X: X) Vitamin B₆
Y: Y) Vitamin B₂
Z: Z) Vitamin B₁
Answer: W) W) Vitamin B₃
How many ATP molecules are needed to synthesize two glucose molecules in the Calvin cycle?
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Energy radiates from a surface as a function of temperature to what power? W) 1 X) 3 Y) 2 Z) 4
W: W) 1
X: X) 3
Y: Y) 2
Z: Z) 4
Answer: Z) Z) 4
Which rare earth element is used to produce magnets for wind turbines? W) Europium X) Gadolinium Y) Scandium Z) Neodymium
W: W) Europium
X: X) Gadolinium
Y: Y) Scandium
Z: Z) Neodymium
Answer: Z) Z) Neodymium
A torus of sulfur and sodium has been detected along the orbit of which of Jupiter’s moons?
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Telescope A has a 1 m aperture and telescope B a 2 m aperture. Both reach the same depth under diffraction-limited imaging. What is the relationship between their smallest resolved angle and integration time? W) A’s angle is twice B’s and its integration time is four times B’s X) A’s angle is half B’s and its integration time is four times B’s Y) A’s angle is half B’s and its integration time is twice B’s Z) A’s angle is twice B’s and its integration time is half B’s
W: W) A’s angle is twice B’s and its integration time is four times B’s
X: X) A’s angle is half B’s and its integration time is four times B’s
Y: Y) A’s angle is half B’s and its integration time is twice B’s
Z: Z) A’s angle is twice B’s and its integration time is half B’s
Answer: W) W) A’s angle is twice B’s and its integration time is four times B’s