MS Sample Set 12, Round 17 from NSB
What kingdom of organisms is primarily responsible for converting biomass into ethanol commercially?
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Scientists at SLAC are using the Linac Coherent Light Source to study protein crystal structures. Which of the following best describes a main challenge to this approach? W) Protein crystallography is low-resolution X) Protein crystallography cannot study ligand binding Y) Some proteins crystallize into structures too large to study Z) Some proteins cannot be crystallized
W: W) Protein crystallography is low-resolution
X: X) Protein crystallography cannot study ligand binding
Y: Y) Some proteins crystallize into structures too large to study
Z: Z) Some proteins cannot be crystallized
Answer: Z) Z) Some proteins cannot be crystallized
What is the range of the function $$y = \sqrt{x - 16}$$? W) All real numbers X) All real numbers greater than zero Y) All real numbers greater than or equal to zero Z) All real numbers greater than or equal to 4
W: W) All real numbers
X: X) All real numbers greater than zero
Y: Y) All real numbers greater than or equal to zero
Z: Z) All real numbers greater than or equal to 4
Answer: Y) Y) All real numbers greater than or equal to zero
A 5-digit palindrome has 3 different digits and is divisible by 9. What is the largest such number?
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Which of the following would be most effective for treating a human collagen deficiency? W) Vitamin A X) Vitamin B-1 Y) Vitamin B-2 Z) Vitamin C
W: W) Vitamin A
X: X) Vitamin B-1
Y: Y) Vitamin B-2
Z: Z) Vitamin C
Answer: Z) Z) Vitamin C
What type of cellular receptor is the most common and is characterized by 7 alpha helices? W) Tyrosine kinase X) Repressors Y) CAR Z) GPCR
W: W) Tyrosine kinase
X: X) Repressors
Y: Y) CAR
Z: Z) GPCR
Answer: Z) Z) GPCR
Which of the following types of mirrors is curved outward? W) Plane X) Concave Y) Parabolic Z) Convex
W: W) Plane
X: X) Concave
Y: Y) Parabolic
Z: Z) Convex
Answer: Z) Z) Convex
What is the term for the non-conducting material that is typically found between the plates of a capacitor?
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Which of these would directly lead to the formation of an ignimbrite? W) Mudslide X) Pyroclastic flow Y) Transform faulting Z) Sea floor spreading
W: W) Mudslide
X: X) Pyroclastic flow
Y: Y) Transform faulting
Z: Z) Sea floor spreading
Answer: X) X) Pyroclastic flow
Which of the following describes a typical profile of dissolved oxygen concentration with increasing depth in the North Atlantic ocean? W) Low at the surface, increases with depth X) High at the surface, decreases with depth, then increases with depth Y) High at the surface, decreases with depth Z) Low at the surface, little change with depth
W: W) Low at the surface, increases with depth
X: X) High at the surface, decreases with depth, then increases with depth
Y: Y) High at the surface, decreases with depth
Z: Z) Low at the surface, little change with depth
Answer: X) X) High at the surface, decreases with depth, then increases with depth
Lignin is currently difficult to reduce into its component sugars. Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab recently discovered a way to reduce the amount of lignin produced in plants by using a molecule that binds to the lignin-precursor site of the HCT enzyme. What type of inhibition is acting in this case?
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Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab are using x-ray imaging to understand the 3D structure of plant transport systems. What is the name for the general class of techniques in which many 2D images are combined to form a 3D reconstruction?
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What is $$112 - 82$$?
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What is the coefficient of the $$a^2 b$$ term in the binomial expansion of $$(5a - 8b)^3$$?
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In a worm, gene X regulates the phenotypic expression of gene Z. What type of inheritance pattern does gene Z demonstrate? W) Multiple alleles X) Epistasis Y) Polygenic inheritance Z) Codominance
W: W) Multiple alleles
X: X) Epistasis
Y: Y) Polygenic inheritance
Z: Z) Codominance
Answer: X) X) Epistasis
Signaling pathways that affect gene expression work by modulating the activity of what DNA-binding proteins?
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What instrument is used to measure the heat capacity of a material?
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Transition metals are characterized as elements with partially-filled configurations of what electron subshell?
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To what crystal system does halite belong? W) Triclinic X) Monoclinic Y) Orthorhombic Z) Cubic
W: W) Triclinic
X: X) Monoclinic
Y: Y) Orthorhombic
Z: Z) Cubic
Answer: Z) Z) Cubic
Identify all of the following three rocks that might exhibit foliation: 1) Schist; 2) Gabbro; 3) Gneiss.
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DOE scientists are studying nanowires as a potential high-surface–area conductor in lithium-ion batteries. The high surface area makes these materials most suitable for what part of the battery? W) Cathode X) Cladding Y) Salt bridge Z) Electrolyte
W: W) Cathode
X: X) Cladding
Y: Y) Salt bridge
Z: Z) Electrolyte
Answer: W) W) Cathode
DOE researchers are studying the conducting properties of nanowires made of a metal oxide that is also commonly used for the industrial production of sulfuric acid. What is the name of this metal oxide?
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Solve the following system of two equations for x and y: x + y = 5, x – 4y = 20.
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How many diagonals does a convex 17-sided polygon have?
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What family of structural proteins is a major component of wool, hair, fingernails, and epithelial cells?
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How many nucleotides are in a codon for an amino acid?
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Some ground-based telescopes have mirrors that actively monitor and adjust themselves to account for distortions caused by turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere. What is the term for this technology?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true of stars: 1) Population one stars contain less metal than population two stars 2) Population two stars tend to have more elliptical orbits around the galactic center 3) Population two stars are older, on average, than population one stars
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Your scores on your first 4 math tests are 81, 86, 91, and 95. What do you need to score on the fifth test in order to average 90 on the 5 tests?
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To the nearest integer, what is the length of a space diagonal in a right rectangular prism with edges of length 5, 7, and 12?
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To control cross-pollination in his experiments, Gregor Mendel removed what pollen-producing organ of the flower? W) Stamen X) Pistil Y) Sepal Z) Petal
W: W) Stamen
X: X) Pistil
Y: Y) Sepal
Z: Z) Petal
Answer: W) W) Stamen
Which of the following structures is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in humans? W) Cerebrum X) Cerebellum Y) Thalamus Z) Hypothalamus
W: W) Cerebrum
X: X) Cerebellum
Y: Y) Thalamus
Z: Z) Hypothalamus
Answer: Z) Z) Hypothalamus
Which of the following enables scientists to estimate the strength of the magnetic field associated with sunspots? W) Zeeman effect X) Stark effect Y) Sunspot shape Z) Prominence height
W: W) Zeeman effect
X: X) Stark effect
Y: Y) Sunspot shape
Z: Z) Prominence height
Answer: W) W) Zeeman effect
Rank the following three nuclei in increasing order of minimum ignition temperature before they would begin fusing inside a star: 1) Oxygen; 2) Helium; 3) Carbon.
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Correct Order:
The removal of silver tarnish by placing it in a bowl containing aluminum foil and a base is an example of which of the following types of reaction? W) Double replacement X) Decomposition Y) Redox Z) Synthesis
W: W) Double replacement
X: X) Decomposition
Y: Y) Redox
Z: Z) Synthesis
Answer: Y) Y) Redox
Alkaline dry cells are a commonly-used type of voltaic cell. What is the electrolyte in an alkaline dry cell?
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If the two diagonals of a rhombus have lengths 10 and 6, what is the length of a side of the rhombus?
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Jack must create a 4-character password for his account using the following criteria: It must begin with 3 lower-case English letters, followed by one digit. The letters cannot be repeated, and the digit cannot be zero. How many different passwords are possible?
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Sister chromatids separate during what stage of meiosis?
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Identify all of the following three disorders that are likely to be caused by non-disjunction events: 1) Down syndrome; 2) Tay-Sachs; 3) Turner syndrome.
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What is the general term for a circuit that only has one linear path for the electric current to travel through?
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An object fully immersed in water weighs 25% less than what it weighs in vacuum. What is the specific gravity of the object?
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Which of the following sedimentary structures is caused by drying of soft sediments? W) Graded-beds X) Ripples Y) Cross-bedding Z) Mudcracks
W: W) Graded-beds
X: X) Ripples
Y: Y) Cross-bedding
Z: Z) Mudcracks
Answer: Z) Z) Mudcracks
Place the following three descriptions of Earth’s atmosphere in chronological order: 1) Primarily nitrogen and oxygen; 2) Dominated by outgassing of gases trapped in Earth's interior; 3) Primarily nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
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Correct Order:
What is the simplest saturated hydrocarbon containing two carbon atoms?
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Identify all of the following three statements that describe the light emitted by a typical continuous wave laser: 1) It is uniformly polarized; 2) It is of single frequency; 3) It is all in the same phase.
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