MS Sample Set 11, Round 8 from NSB

Questions in Packet

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

From what source does the energy required for photosynthesis come? W) Water X) Oxygen Y) Carbon Dioxide Z) Sunlight

W: W) Water

X: X) Oxygen

Y: Y) Carbon Dioxide

Z: Z) Sunlight

Answer: Z) Z) Sunlight

BONUS bio phrase

What compartment of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

Acceptable Answers:

  • RIGHT VENTRICLE

TOSS-UP energy phrase

Most ethanol in the U.S. is produced from what crop?

Acceptable Answers:

  • CORN

BONUS energy multiple_choice

Which of the following types of coal is produced in the smallest amount in the U.S.? W) Anthracite [AN-thrah-site] X) Bituminous [bih-TOOM-in-us] Y) Lignite Z) Subbituminous [sub-bih-TOOM-in-us]

W: W) Anthracite [AN-thrah-site]

X: X) Bituminous [bih-TOOM-in-us]

Y: Y) Lignite

Z: Z) Subbituminous [sub-bih-TOOM-in-us]

Answer: W) W) Anthracite [AN-thrah-site]

TOSS-UP ess phrase

The often brackish feature formed where a river meets the sea is called what?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ESTUARY

BONUS ess phrase

What is the term for the production of usable energy directly from inorganic molecules?

Acceptable Answers:

  • CHEMOSYNTHESIS

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What scientist posited the idea of natural selection in his book On the Origin of Species?

Acceptable Answers:

  • CHARLES DARWIN
  • DARWIN

BONUS bio phrase

What is the structure capable of transporting water only upward in plants?

Acceptable Answers:

  • XYLEM

TOSS-UP math phrase

A map has a scale of 2 cm to 9 kilometers. What is the distance, in kilometers, between two cities that are 12 cm apart on the map?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 54

BONUS math phrase

Solve the following equation for $x$: $$(4x - 3)^2 = 25$$

Acceptable Answers:

  • –\tfrac{1}{2} or 2
  • –0.5

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Of the following choices, where would one most likely find a charge-coupled device? W) Mass spectrometer [spek-TRAW-meter] X) Camera Y) Multimeter [multi-meter] Z) Motor

W: W) Mass spectrometer [spek-TRAW-meter]

X: X) Camera

Y: Y) Multimeter [multi-meter]

Z: Z) Motor

Answer: X) X) Camera

BONUS phys phrase

A 5-kilogram mass was held in place at a height of 2 meters above the ground. To the nearest newton, what force was required to hold it there?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 49 N

TOSS-UP ess phrase

What scientist developed the theory of continental drift?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ALFRED WEGENER

BONUS ess phrase

What two planets in our solar system do not have natural satellites?

Acceptable Answers:

  • VENUS AND MERCURY

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following properties best determines the difference between a liquid and a gas? W) Malleability [mal-ee-ability] X) Density Y) Volume Z) Pressure

W: W) Malleability [mal-ee-ability]

X: X) Density

Y: Y) Volume

Z: Z) Pressure

Answer: X) X) Density

BONUS phys phrase

What law relates the force applied by a spring to its deformation?

Acceptable Answers:

  • HOOKE’S LAW

TOSS-UP energy phrase

While the United States has the largest known coal reserves on Earth, what country produces the most coal annually, accounting for roughly half of the coal produced worldwide?

Acceptable Answers:

  • CHINA

BONUS energy phrase

Lawrence Livermore Lab researchers have developed 3D-printed graphene aerogel electrodes for supercapacitors. What do supercapacitors store?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ELECTRICITY
  • ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • ELECTRICAL CHARGE

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is the multiplicative inverse of –\tfrac{7}{3}?

Acceptable Answers:

  • –\tfrac{3}{7}

BONUS math multiple_choice

A student makes the following conjecture: “If a quadrilateral is a rhombus, then it must be a parallelogram.” If someone doesn’t believe this conjecture is true, which of the following would be necessary to have a counterexample to it? W) A rhombus that is a parallelogram X) A parallelogram that is a rhombus Y) A rhombus that is not a parallelogram Z) A parallelogram that is not a rhombus

W: W) A rhombus that is a parallelogram

X: X) A parallelogram that is a rhombus

Y: Y) A rhombus that is not a parallelogram

Z: Z) A parallelogram that is not a rhombus

Answer: Y) Y) A rhombus that is not a parallelogram

TOSS-UP bio phrase

A patient complains of having watery diarrhea. What organ would a doctor most likely think might be affected?

Acceptable Answers:

  • SMALL INTESTINES

BONUS bio phrase

Over the course of their lives, plants will build significant carbon-based biomass without reducing the mass of the soil they are growing in. From what molecule does the carbon for this biomass come?

Acceptable Answers:

  • CARBON DIOXIDE
  • CO₂

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is the greatest integer less than or equal to $\log_{3}(579)$?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 5

BONUS math phrase

Given $$f(x) = 4x^2 - 3$$ and $$g(x) = \frac{4}{x - 5},$$ calculate $$g(f(3)).$$

Acceptable Answers:

  • \tfrac{1}{7}

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following correctly explains why glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis? W) The cell membrane is impermeable to large, negatively-charged molecules X) It enables the splitting of glucose in half during the next step Y) The isomerization of glucose is less favorable than that of glucose-6-phosphate Z) Glucose-6-phosphate can also be incorporated into glycogen

W: W) The cell membrane is impermeable to large, negatively-charged molecules

X: X) It enables the splitting of glucose in half during the next step

Y: Y) The isomerization of glucose is less favorable than that of glucose-6-phosphate

Z: Z) Glucose-6-phosphate can also be incorporated into glycogen

Answer: W) W) The cell membrane is impermeable to large, negatively-charged molecules

BONUS bio multiple_choice

Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, but not eukaryotic protein synthesis. Which of the following best explains why? W) The antibiotics cut up bacterial mRNA, but not eukaryotic mRNA X) Eukaryotes have enzymes to destroy the antibiotics, but bacteria do not Y) Eukaryotes can export the antibiotics, preventing them from damaging the cell Z) The antibiotics affect bacterial but not eukaryotic ribosomes

W: W) The antibiotics cut up bacterial mRNA, but not eukaryotic mRNA

X: X) Eukaryotes have enzymes to destroy the antibiotics, but bacteria do not

Y: Y) Eukaryotes can export the antibiotics, preventing them from damaging the cell

Z: Z) The antibiotics affect bacterial but not eukaryotic ribosomes

Answer: Z) Z) The antibiotics affect bacterial but not eukaryotic ribosomes

TOSS-UP ess phrase

Eskers are left behind by what geological features?

Acceptable Answers:

  • GLACIERS

BONUS ess phrase

Quiescent prominences observed on the Sun are long, thin, vertical sheets of what state of matter?

Acceptable Answers:

  • PLASMA

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following does not affect the reaction rate of the Haber synthesis of ammonia? W) Physical state of the reactants X) Humidity Y) Temperature Z) Concentration

W: W) Physical state of the reactants

X: X) Humidity

Y: Y) Temperature

Z: Z) Concentration

Answer: X) X) Humidity

BONUS phys phrase

Friction converts mechanical energy into what other form of energy?

Acceptable Answers:

  • HEAT

TOSS-UP energy multiple_choice

A reaction where the system absorbs energy is known as which of the following? W) Exothermic X) Endothermic Y) Nuclear Z) Thermodynamic

W: W) Exothermic

X: X) Endothermic

Y: Y) Nuclear

Z: Z) Thermodynamic

Answer: X) X) Endothermic

BONUS energy phrase

What quantity is equal to the product of power and time?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ENERGY

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is $\tfrac{7}{9}\times\tfrac{3}{4}$?

Acceptable Answers:

  • \tfrac{7}{12}

BONUS math phrase

What is the area of a rhombus with diagonals of length 22 and 28?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 308

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following elements has the highest atomic number? W) Hydrogen X) Lawrencium [lah-REN-see-um] Y) Gold Z) Californium [cal-ih-FOR-nee-um]

W: W) Hydrogen

X: X) Lawrencium [lah-REN-see-um]

Y: Y) Gold

Z: Z) Californium [cal-ih-FOR-nee-um]

Answer: X) X) Lawrencium [lah-REN-see-um]

BONUS phys phrase

When a superconductor becomes perfectly diamagnetic, what effect is it exhibiting?

Acceptable Answers:

  • MEISSNER EFFECT

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What is the name of the process responsible for bursting red blood cells when they are placed in pure water?

Acceptable Answers:

  • OSMOSIS

BONUS bio phrase

What organ in the human body is involved in filtering out extra solutes in the blood?

Acceptable Answers:

  • KIDNEY

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following best describes the intercloud medium in space? W) Hot and high density X) Hot and low density Y) Cold and high density Z) Cold and low density

W: W) Hot and high density

X: X) Hot and low density

Y: Y) Cold and high density

Z: Z) Cold and low density

Answer: X) X) Hot and low density

BONUS ess multiple_choice

A stream is dammed, raising its base level. Which of the following is most likely to happen? W) The stream deposits sediment upstream of the dam X) The stream’s velocity increases Y) The stream’s discharge increases Z) The gradient of the stream increases

W: W) The stream deposits sediment upstream of the dam

X: X) The stream’s velocity increases

Y: Y) The stream’s discharge increases

Z: Z) The gradient of the stream increases

Answer: W) W) The stream deposits sediment upstream of the dam

TOSS-UP phys phrase

You travel in a car 1 mile north, then 1 mile east, then 1 mile south. What is the net displacement of your trip?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 1 MILE EAST

BONUS phys phrase

The distance between crests of a wave is 2 centimeters. If the wave travels at 10 meters per second, what is its frequency in hertz?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 500

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is the circumference of a circle of radius 9?

Acceptable Answers:

  • $$18\pi$$

BONUS math phrase

What is the least common multiple of 12, 16, and 22?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 528

TOSS-UP ess phrase

What objects are created via calving?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ICEBERGS

BONUS ess phrase

Desert pavement is a feature created due to the action of what erosional agent?

Acceptable Answers:

  • WIND