HS Sample Set 12, Round 15 from NSB
Adding which of the following solutes to hexane would form a solution that most closely obeys Raoult’s law? W) Acetone X) Benzene Y) Pentane Z) Ethanol
W: W) Acetone
X: X) Benzene
Y: Y) Pentane
Z: Z) Ethanol
Answer: Y) Y) Pentane
A student isolates a natural product from a tropical frog and takes a proton NMR in deuterated chloroform. They notice that there is a sharp peak at 10.5 parts per million in the compound. This suggests the presence of what functional group? W) Nitrile X) Alcohol Y) Aldehyde Z) Ether
W: W) Nitrile
X: X) Alcohol
Y: Y) Aldehyde
Z: Z) Ether
Answer: Y) Y) Aldehyde
In classical electromagnetic theory, the speed of light in a vacuum can be written exactly in terms of the permittivity of free space and what other fundamental physical constant?
Acceptable Answers:
Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding the relationship between momentum and energy: 1) For a photon, if momentum is doubled, kinetic energy is doubled; 2) For a neutron, if momentum is doubled, kinetic energy is doubled; 3) For an alpha particle, if momentum is doubled, kinetic energy is doubled.
Choices:
Correct Answers:
An igneous rock sample is composed of crystals of olivine, calcium-rich plagioclase, and augite, and has a phaneritic texture. Which of the following rocks is it? W) Basalt X) Andesite Y) Gabbro Z) Granite
W: W) Basalt
X: X) Andesite
Y: Y) Gabbro
Z: Z) Granite
Answer: Y) Y) Gabbro
You are mapping a flat erosional surface of an anticline fold in which no rock layers have been overturned. Which of the following describes the change in age of the rock layers in the anticline as one walks from the hinge to the limb? W) The layers get older X) The layers get younger Y) The age of the layers is constant Z) Relative age cannot be determined
W: W) The layers get older
X: X) The layers get younger
Y: Y) The age of the layers is constant
Z: Z) Relative age cannot be determined
Answer: X) X) The layers get younger
What is the partial derivative with respect to \(x\) of the expression \(x^3 y^2\)?
Acceptable Answers:
Teams A and B meet in a best-of-three series. If Team A wins any given game with probability \(3/5\), what is the probability that Team A wins the series?
Acceptable Answers:
The Weddell seal is able to stay underwater for extraordinarily long periods due to its ability to store twice as much oxygen per kilogram of body mass than humans. This ability is due to the seal having a high concentration of what protein in its muscles?
Acceptable Answers:
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol would likely be found covalently bound to what type of protein? W) Transmembrane X) Cytosolic Y) Peripheral membrane Z) Lysosomal
W: W) Transmembrane
X: X) Cytosolic
Y: Y) Peripheral membrane
Z: Z) Lysosomal
Answer: Y) Y) Peripheral membrane
To produce better containment vessels for commercial fusion power, scientists at Oak Ridge National Lab are working with what material that has the highest melting point of all metals? W) Tungsten X) Nickel Y) Chromium Z) Titanium
W: W) Tungsten
X: X) Nickel
Y: Y) Chromium
Z: Z) Titanium
Answer: W) W) Tungsten
Identify all of the following three statements that are true of a proposed LCLS-II free-electron laser: 1) It can be used to determine the structure of a crystallized protein; 2) It uses a crystalline lasing medium; 3) It can only produce light in the x-ray range.
Choices:
Correct Answers:
Atom A possesses atomic orbitals that are slightly lower in energy than those of atom B. Which of the following is true of a bond between atoms A and B? W) It is ionic X) It is dative Y) It is nonpolar covalent Z) It is polar covalent
W: W) It is ionic
X: X) It is dative
Y: Y) It is nonpolar covalent
Z: Z) It is polar covalent
Answer: Z) Z) It is polar covalent
A carboxylic acid is stirred in a large excess of ethanol in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst. What functional group will this reaction form? W) Ester X) Amide Y) Acid anhydride Z) Acid chloride
W: W) Ester
X: X) Amide
Y: Y) Acid anhydride
Z: Z) Acid chloride
Answer: W) W) Ester
A guitar string is plucked, producing the single A5 tone at 880 hertz. To two significant figures and in milliseconds, what is the period of vibration of this string?
Acceptable Answers:
A cylindrical rod with radius 25 cm increases in length by 1 part per million after being subjected to 1000 N of tension. Expressed in pascals and in scientific notation to one significant figure, what is the Young’s modulus of this rod?
Acceptable Answers:
The end of a pendulum swings through an arc 4 feet long when the string swings through an angle of 0.8 radians. In feet, what is the length of the pendulum?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the distance between the two points with polar coordinates \(r=4,\ \theta=120^\circ\) and \(r=6,\ \theta=0^\circ\)?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the three meninges of the brain is closest to the cerebral cortex?
Acceptable Answers:
In ethanol fermentation, what molecule is formed via the decarboxylation of pyruvate?
Acceptable Answers:
When Oak Ridge National Lab physicists use the term “doubly magic,” they describe atomic nuclei that have greater stability than their neighbors due to fully occupied proton and neutron shells. What nuclear property is maximized to create this effect? W) Neutron-degeneracy pressure X) Quantum spin Y) Electron-degeneracy pressure Z) Nucleon binding energy
W: W) Neutron-degeneracy pressure
X: X) Quantum spin
Y: Y) Electron-degeneracy pressure
Z: Z) Nucleon binding energy
Answer: Z) Z) Nucleon binding energy
Researchers at Argonne National Lab demonstrated self-assembly of nickel microparticles in the presence of what? W) Changing electrical field X) Changing magnetic field Y) Changing temperature Z) Changing particle concentration
W: W) Changing electrical field
X: X) Changing magnetic field
Y: Y) Changing temperature
Z: Z) Changing particle concentration
Answer: X) X) Changing magnetic field
For how many planets in the solar system is hydrogen the most abundant atmospheric gas?
Acceptable Answers:
An alien astronomer observing the Sun as a flat disk at 5800 K watches Jupiter, with radius one-tenth that of the Sun, transit across it. By what percentage does the brightness of the solar disk drop? (To one significant figure.)
Acceptable Answers:
Most angiosperm species can be classified in which of the following clades? W) Basal X) Magnoliids Y) Monocots Z) Eudicots
W: W) Basal
X: X) Magnoliids
Y: Y) Monocots
Z: Z) Eudicots
Answer: Z) Z) Eudicots
Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy in most mammalian species? W) Estrogen X) Lutenizing hormone Y) Progesterone Z) Prostaglandin
W: W) Estrogen
X: X) Lutenizing hormone
Y: Y) Progesterone
Z: Z) Prostaglandin
Answer: Y) Y) Progesterone
The liquid-drop model of the nucleus was originally proposed based on what observation? W) Rutherford gold-foil experiment X) All nuclei have similar densities Y) Emission lines vary between elements Z) Millikan oil-drop experiment
W: W) Rutherford gold-foil experiment
X: X) All nuclei have similar densities
Y: Y) Emission lines vary between elements
Z: Z) Millikan oil-drop experiment
Answer: X) X) All nuclei have similar densities
A square surface of side length 3 m is placed in a constant magnetic field of 2 T such that its normal makes a 45° angle with the field. In webers to the nearest whole number, what is the magnetic flux through the surface?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following carboxylic acid derivatives would be most reactive with a nucleophile? W) Amide X) Acid chloride Y) Ester Z) Acid anhydride
W: W) Amide
X: X) Acid chloride
Y: Y) Ester
Z: Z) Acid anhydride
Answer: X) X) Acid chloride
Methylamine reacts with 1-bromobutane by donating electrons into what orbital of the carbon at the 1-position of bromobutane? W) C–C sigma bonding orbital X) C–C sigma antibonding orbital Y) C–Br sigma bonding orbital Z) C–Br sigma antibonding orbital
W: W) C–C sigma bonding orbital
X: X) C–C sigma antibonding orbital
Y: Y) C–Br sigma bonding orbital
Z: Z) C–Br sigma antibonding orbital
Answer: Z) Z) C–Br sigma antibonding orbital
What object may be formed by the collision of two galaxies, each containing a large black hole at the core? W) Quasar X) Pulsar Y) Neutron star Z) Supercluster
W: W) Quasar
X: X) Pulsar
Y: Y) Neutron star
Z: Z) Supercluster
Answer: W) W) Quasar
Place the following three Galilean satellites of Jupiter in increasing order of distance from Jupiter: 1) Europa; 2) Ganymede; 3) Io.
Choices:
Correct Order:
What is the integer part of \(\log_{5}(1000)\)?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the area of an equilateral triangle whose circumcircle has a radius of 6?
Acceptable Answers:
Due to environmental concerns with lead perovskites as solar-cell materials, researchers at Ames Lab are studying what same‐row, period‐6 metal as an alternative thin-film material?
Acceptable Answers:
Plutonium Uranium Redox Extraction (PUREX) is a standard worldwide method for which of the following? W) Achieving criticality in a reactor X) Poisoning a nuclear reactor Y) Reprocessing nuclear fuel Z) Mining uranium
W: W) Achieving criticality in a reactor
X: X) Poisoning a nuclear reactor
Y: Y) Reprocessing nuclear fuel
Z: Z) Mining uranium
Answer: Y) Y) Reprocessing nuclear fuel
Desert deflation will eventually cause the surface to be covered by rock fragments that are larger than sand. What is the term for this layer of coarse materials?
Acceptable Answers:
Identify all of the following three statements that are true of earthquake waves: 1) A P-wave shadow zone exists because P waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core; 2) The P-wave shadow zone is smaller in area than the S-wave shadow zone; 3) An S-wave shadow zone exists because S waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core.
Choices:
Correct Answers:
A common reaction pathway in the liver for the detoxification of primary alcohols is to oxidize them to what functional group before oxidizing them to carboxylic acids?
Acceptable Answers:
A student is asked to identify a solution based only on color, given that it is a cobalt solution with either cyanide, water, fluorine, or chlorine as the ligand. Which of these ligands would result in the complex absorbing the shortest wavelength light?
Acceptable Answers:
A concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 54 cm. In centimeters, what is its focal length?
Acceptable Answers:
Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding gas thermodynamics: 1) The ideal gas constant is equal to the Boltzmann constant multiplied by Avogadro’s number; 2) At the same temperature, the atoms in xenon will have a higher root-mean-square velocity than those of helium; 3) The Boltzmann constant can be expressed with the same units as entropy.
Choices:
Correct Answers:
The point \((3, -5)\) is reflected through the \(x\)-axis, with the result then translated 4 units down. What are the coordinates of the final image?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the sum of the first 6 terms in the increasing geometric sequence with first term 4 and third term 36?
Acceptable Answers:
A 19th-century Danish scientist classified bacteria based on the ability of their cell walls to retain crystal violet, which is due to the abundance of what polymer?
Acceptable Answers:
Parathyroid hormone is necessary for human survival because it controls the blood concentration of what?
Acceptable Answers: