HS Sample Set 9, Round 2 from NSB
While waiting at a train crossing, Gayle decided to time how long it took for a 1-mile long train to pass her directly. If it took exactly 75 seconds for the train to pass, at how many miles per hour was the train traveling?
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What is the inverse function of \(y = \frac{1}{x + 3}\)? W) \(y = \frac{1 - 3x}{x}\) X) \(y = x - 3\) Y) \(y = 3 - \tfrac{1}{x}\) Z) \(y = 3x - 1\)
W: W) \(y = \frac{1 - 3x}{x}\)
X: X) \(y = x - 3\)
Y: Y) \(y = 3 - \tfrac{1}{x}\)
Z: Z) \(y = 3x - 1\)
Answer: W) W) \(y = \frac{1 - 3x}{x}\)
What is the equivalent capacitance, in microfarads, of four capacitors \(C_1 = 3\ \mu\text{F}\), \(C_2 = 5\ \mu\text{F}\), \(C_3 = 6\ \mu\text{F}\), and \(C_4 = 8\ \mu\text{F}\) connected in parallel?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding entropy? W) The first law of thermodynamics defines entropy X) Entropy is a function of state and obeys Hess’s Law Y) Completely reversible processes increase entropy Z) Entropy can only be defined macroscopically
W: W) The first law of thermodynamics defines entropy
X: X) Entropy is a function of state and obeys Hess’s Law
Y: Y) Completely reversible processes increase entropy
Z: Z) Entropy can only be defined macroscopically
Answer: X) X) Entropy is a function of state and obeys Hess’s Law
What term is used to describe the formation of mountains?
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What two layers of the atmosphere have the least influence over weather? W) Troposphere and tropopause X) Mesosphere and thermosphere Y) Stratosphere and troposphere Z) Stratosphere and thermosphere
W: W) Troposphere and tropopause
X: X) Mesosphere and thermosphere
Y: Y) Stratosphere and troposphere
Z: Z) Stratosphere and thermosphere
Answer: X) X) Mesosphere and thermosphere
In the Arrhenius equation, the exponential term is multiplied by a quantity \(A\), originally introduced as a fudge factor. What is the name of this term?
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A sealed vessel contains 8 g of oxygen gas and 12 g of methane. If no other gases are present and the total pressure is 800 torr, what is the partial pressure, in torr, of oxygen?
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The nervous system consists of neurons and what other type of cell that is responsible for nourishing neurons?
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What type of population selection would occur in an environment that is very close to its carrying capacity?
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What thermodynamic potential, symbolized by the letter \(U\), is the sum of the heat added to a system and the work done on a system by its surroundings?
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Why is it not a good idea to use pure vegetable oil in a conventional diesel engine? W) Straight vegetable oil will not work in a diesel engine X) Straight vegetable oil produces more emissions than regular diesel Y) Straight vegetable oil will damage the diesel engine over time Z) Straight vegetable oil does not allow diesel engines to work at high speeds
W: W) Straight vegetable oil will not work in a diesel engine
X: X) Straight vegetable oil produces more emissions than regular diesel
Y: Y) Straight vegetable oil will damage the diesel engine over time
Z: Z) Straight vegetable oil does not allow diesel engines to work at high speeds
Answer: Y) Y) Straight vegetable oil will damage the diesel engine over time
Identify all of the following four operations that are NOT closed over the set of all positive real numbers: 1) Addition 2) Subtraction 3) Multiplication 4) Division
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Which of the following ratios represents the ratio of the diagonal of a cube to a diagonal of one of the faces of the cube? W) \(2 : \sqrt{3}\) X) \(\sqrt{3} : \sqrt{2}\) Y) \(\sqrt{3} : 1\) Z) \(\sqrt{6} : \sqrt{3}\)
W: W) \(2 : \sqrt{3}\)
X: X) \(\sqrt{3} : \sqrt{2}\)
Y: Y) \(\sqrt{3} : 1\)
Z: Z) \(\sqrt{6} : \sqrt{3}\)
Answer: X) X) \(\sqrt{3} : \sqrt{2}\)
What is the resistance, in ohms, of a resistor that has a 20 mA current when connected across the terminals of a 1.5 V battery?
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A 2 kg box is sliding across a frictionless surface at 4 m/s to the north. A 6 N force directed to the south acts on the box for 2 seconds. What is the final speed, in meters per second, and direction of the box?
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Which of the following clouds develops at the highest altitude? W) Cirrocumulus X) Nimbostratus Y) Stratocumulus Z) Stratus
W: W) Cirrocumulus
X: X) Nimbostratus
Y: Y) Stratocumulus
Z: Z) Stratus
Answer: W) W) Cirrocumulus
The Galápagos Islands consist of a single active volcano among volcanic islands whose ages increase westward. Based on this knowledge, what geologic scenario is creating the islands? W) Subduction X) Hot spot Y) Sea floor spreading Z) Continental rifting
W: W) Subduction
X: X) Hot spot
Y: Y) Sea floor spreading
Z: Z) Continental rifting
Answer: X) X) Hot spot
What term can apply to the compounds 1-octanol and sodium dodecyl-sulfate, as well as transmembrane proteins, phospholipids, and surfactants, characterizing molecules that contain both fat-soluble and water-soluble components?
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A gas-phase reaction is conducted in a cylinder with a moveable piston. If the reaction releases 320 J of heat and does 150 J of PV work, what is the change in internal energy, in joules, for this reaction?
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Some herbivores, such as rabbits and horses, possess the ability to digest cellulose with the aid of bacteria located in a pouch at the beginning of the large intestine. What is the name of this pouch?
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What structures, composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring, play a role in eukaryotic cell division but are not present in plant cells?
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A right triangle with one angle of 45° is inscribed in a circle of radius 10. What is the area of the triangle? W) 50 X) \(50\sqrt{2}\) Y) 100 Z) \(100\sqrt{2}\)
W: W) 50
X: X) \(50\sqrt{2}\)
Y: Y) 100
Z: Z) \(100\sqrt{2}\)
Answer: Y) Y) 100
For real numbers \(a\) and \(b\), define the binary operation “star” by \[ a \,\star\, b = (a + b)(a - b). \] What is \(3 \,\star\, (4 \,\star\, 5)\)?
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In the excitation of metal ions by light, light of a high enough frequency can cause the excited electrons to be ejected from the metal. What is the name of this effect?
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An 80 kg hockey player is skating towards the blue line at a speed of 4.5 m/s. He briefly looks away and accidentally collides head-on with a 100 kg teammate who was standing in place. At what speed, in meters per second, do the two players slide across the ice if they get tangled up after the collision?
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What term is used to describe breaks in strata that represent periods during which deposition ceased and erosion removed previously formed rocks?
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By which of the following mechanisms do pulsar magnetic fields emit gamma rays? W) Nuclear fission X) Compton scattering Y) Cyclotron radiation Z) Synchrotron radiation
W: W) Nuclear fission
X: X) Compton scattering
Y: Y) Cyclotron radiation
Z: Z) Synchrotron radiation
Answer: Z) Z) Synchrotron radiation
What type of rechargeable battery, often used in cell phones and laptop computers, includes a lithium-cobalt oxide cathode and a carbon anode?
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An LED has a forward voltage drop of 3.1 V. How many LEDs can be driven in series by a 12 V power source?
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Which of the following best describes the kinetics of radioactive decay? W) It is a zeroth order process X) It is a first order process Y) It is a second order process Z) It is a third order process
W: W) It is a zeroth order process
X: X) It is a first order process
Y: Y) It is a second order process
Z: Z) It is a third order process
Answer: X) X) It is a first order process
Rank the following four atoms from the smallest atomic radius to the largest atomic radius: 1) Oxygen 2) Fluorine 3) Sulfur 4) Chlorine
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Consider a bag of five marbles, 3 red and 2 white. You draw marbles from the bag until you draw the last white marble, at which point you stop. What is the probability you stop drawing after the 2nd marble is selected?
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Four coplanar circles of radius \(r\) have their centers arranged to form the vertices of a square of side length \(2r\). What is the area of the region enclosed in the square but not enclosed in any of the four circles?
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Penicillin inhibits the cross-linking of which structural molecule in bacteria?
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Cholesterol and testosterone are examples of what type of lipid that contains four cycloalkane rings and is vital to homeostasis?
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What subatomic particle was discovered by J.J. Thomson in a series of experiments involving cathode rays?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding pendulums: 1) Changing the length of the string affects the period 2) For small swings, pendulums can be approximated as simple harmonic oscillators 3) Pendulums were used as the first evidence regarding the rotation of the Earth that didn’t require celestial observations
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What is the term used to describe an HVAC device that transfers energy in the opposite direction of its natural flow to warm a location rather than generating heat directly?
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Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation possesses the greatest amount of energy per photon? W) Microwave X) Ultraviolet Y) Infrared Z) X-Ray
W: W) Microwave
X: X) Ultraviolet
Y: Y) Infrared
Z: Z) X-Ray
Answer: Z) Z) X-Ray
Roundworms are part of what invertebrate phylum?
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Fish extrude nitrogenous waste in what toxic form?
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What term describes the change of direction in a wave as it enters shallower water?
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On what tectonic plate does most of the North American continent rest?
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What reaction, that can be catalyzed by Adams’s catalyst, Wilkinson’s catalyst, Raney nickel, or alloys of platinum and rhodium, is responsible for forming alkanes from alkenes?
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A metal \(M\) adopts the +3 oxidation state. What is the chemical formula of the most stable ionic compound that forms between \(M\) and oxygen?
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