HS Sample Set 3, Round 10 from NSB

Questions in Packet

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following is closest to the maximum ATP molecules generated from the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose in a typical eukaryotic cell? W) 8 moles X) 16 moles Y) 24 moles Z) 38 moles

W: W) 8 moles

X: X) 16 moles

Y: Y) 24 moles

Z: Z) 38 moles

Answer: Z) Z) 38 moles

BONUS bio multiselect

Name all of the following 3 metabolic pathways where substrate-level phosphorylation occurs: 1) Citric acid cycle; 2) Glycolysis; 3) Electron transport system

Choices:

  • Citric acid cycle
  • Glycolysis
  • Electron transport system

Correct Answers:

  • 1
  • 2

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following is considered a monoprotic acid? W) Sulfuric acid X) Hypochlorous acid Y) Carbonic acid Z) Sulfurous acid

W: W) Sulfuric acid

X: X) Hypochlorous acid

Y: Y) Carbonic acid

Z: Z) Sulfurous acid

Answer: X) X) Hypochlorous acid

BONUS chem order

Arrange the following 4 cations in order of increasing ionic radii: 1) Mg²⁺; 2) Rb⁺; 3) Al³⁺; 4) Na⁺

Choices:

  • Mg²⁺
  • Rb⁺
  • Al³⁺
  • Na⁺

Correct Order:

  • 3
  • 1
  • 4
  • 2

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Two-thirds of the charge is removed from a capacitor without changing its capacitance. The stored energy in the capacitor is now what multiple of the original? W) 1/3 X) 1/9 Y) 3 Z) 9

W: W) 1/3

X: X) 1/9

Y: Y) 3

Z: Z) 9

Answer: X) X) 1/9

BONUS phys multiple_choice

If a sound is emitted in dry air at 27 °C and takes 5 seconds to reach a person, how far away, in meters, from the sound source is the person? W) 1,655 X) 1,682 Y) 1,736 Z) 1,873

W: W) 1,655

X: X) 1,682

Y: Y) 1,736

Z: Z) 1,873

Answer: Y) Y) 1,736

TOSS-UP general multiple_choice

Which of the following is an intestinal worm which grows to about 25 centimeters in length and is transferred from person to person by way of contaminated soil? W) Ascaris X) Guinea worm Y) Schistosomiasis Z) Lymphatic filariasis

W: W) Ascaris

X: X) Guinea worm

Y: Y) Schistosomiasis

Z: Z) Lymphatic filariasis

Answer: W) W) Ascaris

BONUS general multiple_choice

Shock is often a life-threatening health condition that is typically and most directly caused by: W) Low blood pH X) Loss of brain function Y) Extremely high cardiac output Z) Low blood pressure

W: W) Low blood pH

X: X) Loss of brain function

Y: Y) Extremely high cardiac output

Z: Z) Low blood pressure

Answer: Z) Z) Low blood pressure

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following is LEAST accurate about the composition and structure of Earth’s atmosphere? W) At the uppermost boundary of the troposphere, air temperature begins to increase with increasing altitude X) The ozone layer absorbs UV radiation from the Sun Y) There are about one-third as many gas molecules in the air atop Mt. Everest compared to sea level Z) It is divided into four distinct layers based primarily on pressure gradients

W: W) At the uppermost boundary of the troposphere, air temperature begins to increase with increasing altitude

X: X) The ozone layer absorbs UV radiation from the Sun

Y: Y) There are about one-third as many gas molecules in the air atop Mt. Everest compared to sea level

Z: Z) It is divided into four distinct layers based primarily on pressure gradients

Answer: Z) Z) It is divided into four distinct layers based primarily on pressure gradients

BONUS ess multiple_choice

Strike-slip faults MOST commonly occur in which of the following? W) Areas of continental collision X) Transform fault margins Y) Subduction zones Z) Divergent plate boundaries

W: W) Areas of continental collision

X: X) Transform fault margins

Y: Y) Subduction zones

Z: Z) Divergent plate boundaries

Answer: X) X) Transform fault margins

TOSS-UP math phrase

Expand the following expression, giving your answer in standard binomial form: $$(6x + 3y)^2$$

Acceptable Answers:

  • $36x^2 + 36xy + 9y^2$

BONUS math phrase

Consider a blue circle inscribed in a white square. If the radius of the circle is 10 cm, what is the area of all visible white portions of the square, to the nearest whole number in cm²?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 86

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

All the stars of the Pleiades open cluster have: W) The same luminosities X) The same surface temperatures Y) Very similar chemical compositions Z) The same apparent magnitudes

W: W) The same luminosities

X: X) The same surface temperatures

Y: Y) Very similar chemical compositions

Z: Z) The same apparent magnitudes

Answer: Y) Y) Very similar chemical compositions

BONUS ess multiple_choice

When binary stars are made of a main sequence star and a compact white dwarf, as long as the white dwarf’s mass remains below 1.4 M$_\odot$, the gas falling into the white dwarf is believed to often result in a: W) Supernova X) Nova Y) Pulsar Z) Quasar

W: W) Supernova

X: X) Nova

Y: Y) Pulsar

Z: Z) Quasar

Answer: X) X) Nova

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following is LEAST accurate regarding avian migratory patterns? W) Migration of birds from the tropics to the northern latitudes is typically endogenously controlled X) The migratory timing of many birds is being affected by global change Y) Both large and very small birds migrate long distances Z) Breeding in most birds is timed to be when fewest predators are present

W: W) Migration of birds from the tropics to the northern latitudes is typically endogenously controlled

X: X) The migratory timing of many birds is being affected by global change

Y: Y) Both large and very small birds migrate long distances

Z: Z) Breeding in most birds is timed to be when fewest predators are present

Answer: Z) Z) Breeding in most birds is timed to be when fewest predators are present

BONUS bio multiple_choice

Which of the following MOST likely occurs during speciation? W) Increased mutation rates X) Reproductive isolation Y) Elimination of recessive alleles Z) Increase in genetic load

W: W) Increased mutation rates

X: X) Reproductive isolation

Y: Y) Elimination of recessive alleles

Z: Z) Increase in genetic load

Answer: X) X) Reproductive isolation

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

The titration of a weak base, 0.100 M NaCN, with a strong acid, 0.100 M HCl, results in a solution at the equivalence point having a pH of: W) Between 7 and 10 X) 7 Y) Between 4 and 7 Z) Between 1 and 3

W: W) Between 7 and 10

X: X) 7

Y: Y) Between 4 and 7

Z: Z) Between 1 and 3

Answer: Y) Y) Between 4 and 7

BONUS chem phrase

In grams per liter, what is the density of a gas whose molar mass is 134.4 g/mol at standard temperature and pressure?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 6.0 g/L

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Kirchhoff’s First Rule, often called the node or junction rule, is a restatement of which of the following fundamental principles? W) Conservation of energy X) Conservation of mass Y) Conservation of charge Z) Conservation of momentum

W: W) Conservation of energy

X: X) Conservation of mass

Y: Y) Conservation of charge

Z: Z) Conservation of momentum

Answer: Y) Y) Conservation of charge

BONUS phys phrase

Giving your answer in proper scientific notation to the first decimal place, how many joules of work are required to move a charge of +60 μC through a potential difference of 8 V?

Acceptable Answers:

  • $4.8\times 10^{-4}\,$J

TOSS-UP math phrase

Factor the following expression: $$49x^2 - 169y^4$$

Acceptable Answers:

  • $(7x + 13y^2)(7x - 13y^2)$

BONUS math phrase

If \$1000 is placed in a savings account that pays 6% annual interest compounded semiannually, what is the total amount of money in the account at the end of 1 year, to the nearest dollar?

Acceptable Answers:

  • \$1061

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following BEST describes the downward movement of typical alpine glaciers? W) They move by mass wasting and surface creep X) They move much like a brick sliding down a board Y) They flow fastest where the ice is thinnest Z) They slide along the base and flow like a fluid

W: W) They move by mass wasting and surface creep

X: X) They move much like a brick sliding down a board

Y: Y) They flow fastest where the ice is thinnest

Z: Z) They slide along the base and flow like a fluid

Answer: Z) Z) They slide along the base and flow like a fluid

BONUS ess multiple_choice

Which of the following is NOT true of seismic waves? W) P and S waves can travel through solids X) S waves cannot travel through Earth’s outer core Y) S-waves and P-waves cancel each other out in the shadow zone Z) Seismographs typically record P waves before S waves

W: W) P and S waves can travel through solids

X: X) S waves cannot travel through Earth’s outer core

Y: Y) S-waves and P-waves cancel each other out in the shadow zone

Z: Z) Seismographs typically record P waves before S waves

Answer: Y) Y) S-waves and P-waves cancel each other out in the shadow zone

TOSS-UP general multiple_choice

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate? W) Tetraethyl lead was once commonly added to gasoline to prevent engine knocking X) Free radicals are not known to play a role in biological processes Y) Catalase reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxygen Z) Bottled mineral water typically contains higher total dissolved solids than tap water

W: W) Tetraethyl lead was once commonly added to gasoline to prevent engine knocking

X: X) Free radicals are not known to play a role in biological processes

Y: Y) Catalase reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxygen

Z: Z) Bottled mineral water typically contains higher total dissolved solids than tap water

Answer: X) X) Free radicals are not known to play a role in biological processes

BONUS general multiple_choice

Recent evidence suggests that comets arise not only from reservoirs of the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud but also from: W) The main asteroid belt X) A belt between Neptune and Pluto Y) A belt about 100 astronomical units beyond Pluto Z) At the heliopause

W: W) The main asteroid belt

X: X) A belt between Neptune and Pluto

Y: Y) A belt about 100 astronomical units beyond Pluto

Z: Z) At the heliopause

Answer: W) W) The main asteroid belt

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

In what area of the sky would the planet Venus be MOST likely to be seen a few hours after sunset from mid-northern latitudes? W) Low in the western sky X) High in the southern sky Y) Directly overhead Z) High in the northern sky

W: W) Low in the western sky

X: X) High in the southern sky

Y: Y) Directly overhead

Z: Z) High in the northern sky

Answer: W) W) Low in the western sky

BONUS ess phrase

How many degrees along the meridian is the nadir from the zenith?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 180

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following is NOT true about vaccinations? W) They were first developed against viral infections such as smallpox X) They allow the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively on exposure to the disease-causing agent Y) They will typically protect the person from infection within 24 hours after vaccination Z) They often require adjuvants which are nonspecific irritants for best results

W: W) They were first developed against viral infections such as smallpox

X: X) They allow the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively on exposure to the disease-causing agent

Y: Y) They will typically protect the person from infection within 24 hours after vaccination

Z: Z) They often require adjuvants which are nonspecific irritants for best results

Answer: Y) Y) They will typically protect the person from infection within 24 hours after vaccination

BONUS bio order

Order the following 4 storage forms of energy from the most readily available to humans to the most difficult to mobilize: 1) Adipose stores; 2) ATP; 3) Glycogen; 4) Glucose

Choices:

  • Adipose stores
  • ATP
  • Glycogen
  • Glucose

Correct Order:

  • 2
  • 4
  • 3
  • 1

TOSS-UP chem phrase

The hybridization of one “s” orbital and two “p” orbitals creates how many sp² hybrid orbitals?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3

BONUS chem multiple_choice

A molecule whose geometry of electron domains is tetrahedral and whose shape is bent or angular is: W) Water X) Sulfur dioxide Y) Carbon dioxide Z) Ammonium

W: W) Water

X: X) Sulfur dioxide

Y: Y) Carbon dioxide

Z: Z) Ammonium

Answer: W) W) Water

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Thomas Young’s double‐slit experiments give the most direct and strongest support for which of the following? W) The wave nature of light X) The constancy of the speed of light Y) The existence of the photon Z) The particle nature of light

W: W) The wave nature of light

X: X) The constancy of the speed of light

Y: Y) The existence of the photon

Z: Z) The particle nature of light

Answer: W) W) The wave nature of light

BONUS phys order

Order the following 3 locations from the SLOWEST to the FASTEST for objects accelerating because of gravity: 1) Mount Everest; 2) North Pole; 3) New York City

Choices:

  • Mount Everest
  • North Pole
  • New York City

Correct Order:

  • 1
  • 3
  • 2

TOSS-UP math multiple_choice

Which of the following is NOT a geometric sequence? W) 30, 6, 5… X) $a^2,\;a^3b,\;a^4b^2,\dots$ Y) 6, 13, 20… Z) $2^3,\;4^3,\;8^3,\dots$

W: W) 30, 6, 5…

X: X) $a^2,\;a^3b,\;a^4b^2,\dots$

Y: Y) 6, 13, 20…

Z: Z) $2^3,\;4^3,\;8^3,\dots$

Answer: Y) Y) 6, 13, 20…

BONUS math phrase

Find the product of the following, giving your answer without negative exponents: $$(x^{-2} + y)\,(x^2 - y^{-2})$$

Acceptable Answers:

  • $1 + x^2y - \dfrac{1}{y} - \dfrac{1}{x^2y^2}$ (terms may be given in any order)

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following is TRUE? W) Deserts often occur on the windward sides of mountains X) Taiga biomes are characterized by long severe winters and short summers Y) The most fertile soils are typically found in tropical forests Z) Pedocal soil types are most likely to be found in wet, humid environments

W: W) Deserts often occur on the windward sides of mountains

X: X) Taiga biomes are characterized by long severe winters and short summers

Y: Y) The most fertile soils are typically found in tropical forests

Z: Z) Pedocal soil types are most likely to be found in wet, humid environments

Answer: X) X) Taiga biomes are characterized by long severe winters and short summers

BONUS ess multiple_choice

In which of the following locations would you MOST easily find a treasure-trove of rhyolitic rock? W) Yellowstone National Park X) Hawaii Y) Evaporite deposits in Death Valley, California Z) The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

W: W) Yellowstone National Park

X: X) Hawaii

Y: Y) Evaporite deposits in Death Valley, California

Z: Z) The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Answer: W) W) Yellowstone National Park

TOSS-UP general multiple_choice

As an alternative name, galvanic corrosion is MOST commonly called: W) Pitting corrosion X) Intergranular corrosion Y) Stress corrosion Z) Two-metal corrosion

W: W) Pitting corrosion

X: X) Intergranular corrosion

Y: Y) Stress corrosion

Z: Z) Two-metal corrosion

Answer: Z) Z) Two-metal corrosion

BONUS general multiple_choice

Which of the following is the MOST conventional composite anode for solid oxide fuel cells that operate on pure hydrogen fuel? W) Nickel oxide X) Silicon oxide Y) Iron oxide Z) Zinc oxide

W: W) Nickel oxide

X: X) Silicon oxide

Y: Y) Iron oxide

Z: Z) Zinc oxide

Answer: W) W) Nickel oxide

TOSS-UP ess phrase

What astronomical constant has the value of 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Hubble constant
  • Hubble

BONUS ess order

Order the following 3 celestial objects from the one with the LEAST number of impact craters to the MOST: 1) Earth’s Moon; 2) Earth; 3) Venus

Choices:

  • Earth’s Moon
  • Earth
  • Venus

Correct Order:

  • 2
  • 3
  • 1

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What is the final electron acceptor for electrons passing down the electron transport system?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Oxygen
  • Molecular oxygen, O₂

BONUS bio multiselect

Name all of the following 4 molecules that are typically NOT found in plant cell plasma membranes: 1) Phospholipids; 2) Integral proteins; 3) Cholesterol; 4) Cellulose

Choices:

  • Phospholipids
  • Integral proteins
  • Cholesterol
  • Cellulose

Correct Answers:

  • 3
  • 4

TOSS-UP chem phrase

What are the bond angles around each carbon in a benzene ring?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 120°

BONUS chem phrase

How many carbons are in the following compound: 4-ethyl-4-methyl octane?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 11

TOSS-UP phys phrase

A boy gets a sled for his birthday in July. He exerts a 50 N horizontal force as he pulls the 80 N sled across the cement driveway at a constant speed. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the driveway and the metal blades of the sled, to the second decimal place?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 0.63

BONUS phys phrase

It is now January and there is snow! The coefficient of friction is now 0.10. If a person weighing 500 N sits on the 80 N sled, what horizontal force, in newtons, is needed to pull the sled across the snow at constant speed?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 58

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What base triplet is the start codon for methionine?

Acceptable Answers:

  • AUG

BONUS bio phrase

If you wanted to radioactively label protein and DNA to tell which one was present in a certain place, what 2 isotopes would you most likely use for the protein and the DNA, respectively?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Protein = S-35; DNA = P-32
  • Sulfur-35, Phosphorus-32

DO NOT ACCEPT:

  • Sulfur, Phosphorus