HS Sample Set 2, Round 6 from NSB
For which of the following processes is the change in entropy negative? W) Water freezing X) Dry ice sublimation Y) Salt dissolving in water Z) Gasoline burning
W: W) Water freezing
X: X) Dry ice sublimation
Y: Y) Salt dissolving in water
Z: Z) Gasoline burning
Answer: W) W) Water freezing
The pressure of a mixture of three gases in a fixed volume container is 300 kilopascals. If the number of nitrogen molecules is three times the number of hydrogen molecules and the number of oxygen molecules is two times the number of hydrogen molecules, what are the partial pressures of the three gases?
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During the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids, what molecule is formed as a byproduct?
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How might fertilizer runoff from a farm affect a nearby lake? W) The lake will become depleted of oxygen X) Secchi depth will increase Y) Algae will become less abundant Z) Organic matter will decrease
W: W) The lake will become depleted of oxygen
X: X) Secchi depth will increase
Y: Y) Algae will become less abundant
Z: Z) Organic matter will decrease
Answer: W) W) The lake will become depleted of oxygen
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using ethanol over gasoline for internal combustion engines? W) High octane rating X) High thermal efficiency Y) High compression rating Z) High energy density
W: W) High octane rating
X: X) High thermal efficiency
Y: Y) High compression rating
Z: Z) High energy density
Answer: Z) Z) High energy density
Which of the following are the two primary products of combustion of methane gas in increasing order of molar amount? W) Water vapor and carbon dioxide X) Carbon monoxide and water vapor Y) Carbon dioxide and water vapor Z) Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
W: W) Water vapor and carbon dioxide
X: X) Carbon monoxide and water vapor
Y: Y) Carbon dioxide and water vapor
Z: Z) Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Answer: Y) Y) Carbon dioxide and water vapor
Which of the following groups of elements comprises the greatest proportion of the Earth’s continental crust? W) Oxygen, silicon, aluminum X) Hydrogen, iron, silicon Y) Oxygen, iron, carbon Z) Carbon, aluminum, magnesium
W: W) Oxygen, silicon, aluminum
X: X) Hydrogen, iron, silicon
Y: Y) Oxygen, iron, carbon
Z: Z) Carbon, aluminum, magnesium
Answer: W) W) Oxygen, silicon, aluminum
If a Kuiper belt object has an orbit with a semi-major axis of 64 AU, what is its orbital period in years?
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Capacitance is inversely related to which of the following properties of a plate capacitor? W) Area of plates X) Distance between plates Y) Dielectric constant Z) Absolute permittivity
W: W) Area of plates
X: X) Distance between plates
Y: Y) Dielectric constant
Z: Z) Absolute permittivity
Answer: X) X) Distance between plates
A figure skater goes into a spin with her arms outstretched, having a moment of inertia of 2.5 kg·m² and an angular velocity of 5 rad/s. If the skater pulls her arms in and reduces her moment of inertia to 1.5 kg·m², what is her final angular velocity to the nearest radian per second?
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If f(x) = (x² − 9)/(x − 3), what is the limit of f(x) as x approaches 3?
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If oranges are piled in a pyramid with 1 orange on the top layer, 4 oranges in the second layer, 9 oranges in the third layer, and 16 oranges in the fourth layer, how many oranges will be needed to make a pile with 10 layers?
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Which of the following is NOT a state function? W) Pressure X) Work Y) Temperature Z) Internal energy
W: W) Pressure
X: X) Work
Y: Y) Temperature
Z: Z) Internal energy
Answer: X) X) Work
What volume, in milliliters, of a 12.0 M hydrochloric acid stock solution would you use to make 0.50 L of a 6.00 M hydrochloric acid solution?
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Which of the following is NOT a likely reason for decreased success of bird populations in small, fragmented habitats? W) Fewer food resources X) Increased nest parasitism Y) Increased area to edge ratio of habitat Z) Decreased suitable habitat area for territories
W: W) Fewer food resources
X: X) Increased nest parasitism
Y: Y) Increased area to edge ratio of habitat
Z: Z) Decreased suitable habitat area for territories
Answer: Y) Y) Increased area to edge ratio of habitat
Proto-oncogenes are frequently mutated in cancer cells. Which of the following best explains how a mutation in a proto-oncogene could change the protein it encodes and lead to cancer? W) The normal protein inhibits cell division, and the mutated protein is either turned off or non-functional X) The normal protein stimulates cell division, and the mutated protein is either turned off or non-functional Y) The normal protein inhibits cell division, and the mutated protein is either overexpressed or can’t be deactivated Z) The normal protein stimulates cell division, and the mutated protein is either overexpressed or can’t be deactivated
W: W) The normal protein inhibits cell division, and the mutated protein is either turned off or non-functional
X: X) The normal protein stimulates cell division, and the mutated protein is either turned off or non-functional
Y: Y) The normal protein inhibits cell division, and the mutated protein is either overexpressed or can’t be deactivated
Z: Z) The normal protein stimulates cell division, and the mutated protein is either overexpressed or can’t be deactivated
Answer: Z) Z) The normal protein stimulates cell division, and the mutated protein is either overexpressed or can’t be deactivated
Which of the following is the immediate use of glucose produced by photosynthesis? W) To capture light X) To form fats and lipids Y) To be consumed by heterotrophs Z) An energy source for cellular respiration
W: W) To capture light
X: X) To form fats and lipids
Y: Y) To be consumed by heterotrophs
Z: Z) An energy source for cellular respiration
Answer: Z) Z) An energy source for cellular respiration
Which of the following elements has the greatest number of stable isotopes? W) Lead X) Plutonium Y) Uranium Z) Hydrogen
W: W) Lead
X: X) Plutonium
Y: Y) Uranium
Z: Z) Hydrogen
Answer: W) W) Lead
A shallow-water wave with a speed of 600 km/h and a period of 15 minutes is most likely which of the following types of wave? W) Tsunami X) Capillary Y) Tide Z) Wind
W: W) Tsunami
X: X) Capillary
Y: Y) Tide
Z: Z) Wind
Answer: W) W) Tsunami
When a strong convective cell forms and there is a sufficient amount of supercooled water and ice crystals, what phenomenon can occur?
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The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the demonstration of which of the following properties of the expansion of the universe? W) It is speeding up X) It is slowing down Y) It will reverse itself Z) It is constant
W: W) It is speeding up
X: X) It is slowing down
Y: Y) It will reverse itself
Z: Z) It is constant
Answer: W) W) It is speeding up
A wheel spinning at a rate of 20 revolutions per minute slows steadily to a stop in a time of 30 seconds. If the wheel has a radius of 0.5 m, through what distance to the nearest meter does a point on the rim travel during this time?
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Evaluate cos(−14π/3). W) −1/2 X) 1/2 Y) √3/2 Z) −√3/2
W: W) −1/2
X: X) 1/2
Y: Y) √3/2
Z: Z) −√3/2
Answer: W) W) −1/2
Evaluate arctan(tan(3π/4)).
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A pure enantiomeric sample that rotates plane-polarized light to the right is called which of the following? W) Levorotary X) Dextrorotary Y) Meso Z) Optically inactive
W: W) Levorotary
X: X) Dextrorotary
Y: Y) Meso
Z: Z) Optically inactive
Answer: X) X) Dextrorotary
When an aqueous solution of copper (II) bromide is electrolyzed, which of the following colors will occur at the anode? W) Red brown X) Greenish red Y) Dark blue Z) No color change
W: W) Red brown
X: X) Greenish red
Y: Y) Dark blue
Z: Z) No color change
Answer: W) W) Red brown
Which of the following nucleotide bases is a purine? W) Cytosine X) Uracil Y) Adenine Z) Thymine
W: W) Cytosine
X: X) Uracil
Y: Y) Adenine
Z: Z) Thymine
Answer: Y) Y) Adenine
Which of the following is NOT a specific adaptation to reduce desiccation in intertidal organisms? W) Presence of a holdfast X) Covering with shell fragments Y) Living in a dense group Z) Highly ridged shell coverings
W: W) Presence of a holdfast
X: X) Covering with shell fragments
Y: Y) Living in a dense group
Z: Z) Highly ridged shell coverings
Answer: W) W) Presence of a holdfast
The convergence of what type of atmospheric circulation cell at the intertropical convergence zone results in strong atmospheric heating and precipitation near the equator?
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Which of the following was the moment magnitude of the 2010 Chilean earthquake that was caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate underneath the South American Plate? W) 6.8 X) 7.8 Y) 8.8 Z) 9.8
W: W) 6.8
X: X) 7.8
Y: Y) 8.8
Z: Z) 9.8
Answer: Y) Y) 8.8
What is the potential difference in volts for a simple circuit with a current of 6 amperes and three 10 Ω resistors in series?
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Vectors F and R are given by, respectively, 2 i − 3 j and i + 4 j. What is the cross product R × F?
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If ∫₀⁵ f(x) dx = 10 and ∫₀² f(x) dx = 12, then what is the value of ∫₂⁵ f(x) dx?
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Providing an exact answer, solve the following equation for x: eˣ(8 − eˣ) = 16.
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A straight line is produced in the graph of the natural log of the concentration of a substance versus the time that the substance reacts. An experimenter can definitively say what about the reaction, with respect to this substance?
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At a constant temperature, a syringe containing 20.0 mL of air at 1 atm is pulled out so that the volume inside the syringe is increased to 40.0 mL. The total pressure of the gases inside the syringe decreases to approximately 0.5 atm. Which of the following best explains this observation? W) Gay-Lussac’s Law X) Charles’s Law Y) Boyle’s Law Z) Avogadro’s Law
W: W) Gay-Lussac’s Law
X: X) Charles’s Law
Y: Y) Boyle’s Law
Z: Z) Avogadro’s Law
Answer: Y) Y) Boyle’s Law
Which of the following would NOT be important for a typical cell dividing by binary fission? W) DNA is replicated X) The nuclear envelope disintegrates Y) Cytoplasm and its content is divided between daughter cells Z) New cell wall is formed between the developing daughter cells
W: W) DNA is replicated
X: X) The nuclear envelope disintegrates
Y: Y) Cytoplasm and its content is divided between daughter cells
Z: Z) New cell wall is formed between the developing daughter cells
Answer: X) X) The nuclear envelope disintegrates
Which of the following is NOT an advantage for the coral in the coral-zooxanthellae symbiosis? W) Increased growth X) Increasing calcification Y) Protection from predators Z) Relatively constant supply of reduced carbon
W: W) Increased growth
X: X) Increasing calcification
Y: Y) Protection from predators
Z: Z) Relatively constant supply of reduced carbon
Answer: Y) Y) Protection from predators
Which of the following is the best approximation of the amount of energy in MeV released from a single uranium-235 fission reaction? W) 7 X) 215 Y) 235 Z) 238
W: W) 7
X: X) 215
Y: Y) 235
Z: Z) 238
Answer: X) X) 215
Elements from which of the following sections of the periodic table have the highest ionization energies? W) Periods 2 and 3 of Group 1 X) Periods 2 and 3 of Group 17 Y) Periods 5 and 6 of Group 17 Z) Periods 6 and 7 of Group 1
W: W) Periods 2 and 3 of Group 1
X: X) Periods 2 and 3 of Group 17
Y: Y) Periods 5 and 6 of Group 17
Z: Z) Periods 6 and 7 of Group 1
Answer: X) X) Periods 2 and 3 of Group 17
What is the primary type of nuclear fusion reaction that takes place in a 1.5 solar mass main sequence star?
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Which of the following is the energy source of stars on the horizontal branch of stellar evolution? W) Core hydrogen burning X) Shell hydrogen burning Y) Core helium burning Z) Shell helium burning
W: W) Core hydrogen burning
X: X) Shell hydrogen burning
Y: Y) Core helium burning
Z: Z) Shell helium burning
Answer: Y) Y) Core helium burning
An unpolarized electromagnetic plane wave is incident on a linear polarizer whose transmission axis is parallel to the y-axis. After passing through the polarizer, which of the following best describes the oscillation direction of the magnetic field? W) Along the positive and negative x-axis X) Along the positive and negative y-axis Y) A direction pointing in either the 1st or 3rd quadrant Z) A direction pointing in either the 2nd or 4th quadrant
W: W) Along the positive and negative x-axis
X: X) Along the positive and negative y-axis
Y: Y) A direction pointing in either the 1st or 3rd quadrant
Z: Z) A direction pointing in either the 2nd or 4th quadrant
Answer: W) W) Along the positive and negative x-axis
A 5 kg object moves with a velocity v = 2t² + 2 m/s where t is in seconds. What is the net force on the object in newtons after 2 seconds?
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Evaluate ∫₋π/4^π/4 tan x dx.
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Solve the following equation for x over the real numbers: log₂(x+5) – log₂(x–1) = 2.
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A sample of ethyl ether has a boiling point of 35 °C, whereas a sample of butanol has a boiling point of 120 °C. To what intermolecular force can this discrepancy be attributed?
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A balloon expands isothermally from 1.0 to 10.0 L against a constant external pressure of 7.0 atm. The work in L·atm performed by the system is which of the following? W) –63 X) +63 Y) –70 Z) +70
W: W) –63
X: X) +63
Y: Y) –70
Z: Z) +70
Answer: X) X) +63
Cacti have adapted to dry environments by closing their stomata during the day and opening them at night to reduce water loss. What is the name of the photosynthesis adaptation that incorporates this strategy?
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Which of the following statements about seagrass is NOT true? W) Rhizomes grow horizontally in the sediment X) Seagrass systems tend to be depositional environments Y) Seagrass does not reproduce sexually Z) Seagrass can be found in both tropical and temperate habitats
W: W) Rhizomes grow horizontally in the sediment
X: X) Seagrass systems tend to be depositional environments
Y: Y) Seagrass does not reproduce sexually
Z: Z) Seagrass can be found in both tropical and temperate habitats
Answer: Y) Y) Seagrass does not reproduce sexually