MS Sample Set 13, Round 16 from NSB
Scientists at the National Energy Technology Lab recovered cores from the ocean floor that contain exotic ices. Under the high pressure of the ocean floor, these ices are composed of a molecular cage that traps what combustible gas?
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Fermi National Lab scientists studied the creation of a top quark by a collision of a proton and an anti-proton. Which of the following particles is created concomitantly in order to obey conservation laws? W) Up quark X) Bottom quark Y) Anti-top quark Z) Strange quark
W: W) Up quark
X: X) Bottom quark
Y: Y) Anti-top quark
Z: Z) Strange quark
Answer: Y) Y) Anti-top quark
How many moles of hydrogen atoms does one mole of ammonium bicarbonate contain?
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Which of the following chemical formulas best describes the following statement: “Methanol is converted to formaldehyde by reaction with oxygen”? W) NH2Cl liquid yields NH2Cl aqueous X) C16H30O2 + H2 yields C16H32O2 Y) CH4O + O2 yields CH2O + H2O Z) CaO + H2O yields Ca(OH)2
W: W) NH2Cl liquid yields NH2Cl aqueous
X: X) C16H30O2 + H2 yields C16H32O2
Y: Y) CH4O + O2 yields CH2O + H2O
Z: Z) CaO + H2O yields Ca(OH)2
Answer: Y) Y) CH4O + O2 yields CH2O + H2O
Which of the following is closest to the ratio of freshwater stored as groundwater to that in glaciers and ice sheets? W) 1 to 1 X) 2 to 1 Y) 5 to 1 Z) 10 to 1
W: W) 1 to 1
X: X) 2 to 1
Y: Y) 5 to 1
Z: Z) 10 to 1
Answer: X) X) 2 to 1
Which of the following typically occurs during El Niño? W) Trade winds blow east to west along the equator X) Australia has increased rainfall Y) A band of warm water develops in the eastern Pacific Z) The Atlantic hurricane season is more severe
W: W) Trade winds blow east to west along the equator
X: X) Australia has increased rainfall
Y: Y) A band of warm water develops in the eastern Pacific
Z: Z) The Atlantic hurricane season is more severe
Answer: Y) Y) A band of warm water develops in the eastern Pacific
Anabolic steroids, which have been controversially used as performance-enhancing drugs by athletes, are usually derivatives of what naturally-occurring hormone of similar function?
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Order the following four steps of sensory signal propagation chronologically: 1) Transmission; 2) Transduction; 3) Interpretation; 4) Stimulus.
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Correct Order:
What is the name of the quantity that must be applied to a system to change its angular momentum?
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The man-made satellites at the lowest orbits generally orbit at a distance of 150 kilometers above Earth. Which of the following best explains why? W) At this distance, they feel minimal gravitational attraction to Earth X) At this distance, they feel minimal air resistance from Earth's atmosphere Y) It is impossible to travel fast enough to maintain an orbit below this altitude Z) This is the height at which geostationary orbits can be maintained
W: W) At this distance, they feel minimal gravitational attraction to Earth
X: X) At this distance, they feel minimal air resistance from Earth's atmosphere
Y: Y) It is impossible to travel fast enough to maintain an orbit below this altitude
Z: Z) This is the height at which geostationary orbits can be maintained
Answer: X) X) At this distance, they feel minimal air resistance from Earth's atmosphere
In the set of integers from 1 through 10, inclusive, let A be the set of those that are even, and let B be the set of those that are multiples of 3. How many elements are in A ∪ B?
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What are the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola with equation $$y = 4x^2 + 2x - 3$$?
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The Earth’s inner core accounts for approximately what percentage of the Earth’s total mass? W) 2 X) 10 Y) 21 Z) 33
W: W) 2
X: X) 10
Y: Y) 21
Z: Z) 33
Answer: W) W) 2
What type of unconformity is created when shale is deposited on top of an eroded sandstone layer? W) Disconformity X) Nonconformity Y) Angular unconformity Z) Time unconformity
W: W) Disconformity
X: X) Nonconformity
Y: Y) Angular unconformity
Z: Z) Time unconformity
Answer: W) W) Disconformity
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Lab are using X-ray diffraction to understand the structure of enzymes that pump antibiotics out of bacteria. Which of the following is TRUE of these enzymes? W) They do not require ATP X) They have become more widespread in response to antibiotic therapy Y) They are fibrous proteins Z) They are made of RNA
W: W) They do not require ATP
X: X) They have become more widespread in response to antibiotic therapy
Y: Y) They are fibrous proteins
Z: Z) They are made of RNA
Answer: X) X) They have become more widespread in response to antibiotic therapy
Scientists at SLAC have been using machine learning to predict new metallic compounds that are amorphous. Which of the following materials is amorphous? W) Diamond X) Snowflake Y) Glass Z) Table salt
W: W) Diamond
X: X) Snowflake
Y: Y) Glass
Z: Z) Table salt
Answer: Y) Y) Glass
What are the distinct prime factors of 120?
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According to Descartes’ rule of signs, what are the possible numbers of negative real zeroes the polynomial $$x^5 + 3x^4 - 3x^3 + 2x^2 + 11x - 13$$ may have?
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What type of passive transport occurs through protein channels?
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Which of the following best explains the phenomenon of industrial melanism in moths? W) Darker moths were better camouflaged from predators and were selected for X) Moths became darker over time as more soot accumulated within their bodies Y) Increased soot caused individual moths to alter their pigment levels, which propagated to later generations Z) Moths actively changed their camouflage patterns to camouflage better
W: W) Darker moths were better camouflaged from predators and were selected for
X: X) Moths became darker over time as more soot accumulated within their bodies
Y: Y) Increased soot caused individual moths to alter their pigment levels, which propagated to later generations
Z: Z) Moths actively changed their camouflage patterns to camouflage better
Answer: W) W) Darker moths were better camouflaged from predators and were selected for
What was the first planet discovered since antiquity?
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Aten asteroids are a group of asteroids that cross the orbit of what planet?
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Computational scientists at Oak Ridge National Lab are studying transition states in chemical reactions. What class of substances are thought to exert their main effect by binding and stabilizing transition states of chemical reactions?
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One instrument on board the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope is used to study long-duration gamma-ray bursts, which are thought to be associated with what type of massive supernova?
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What is the coefficient of the $$ab$$ term in the trinomial expansion of $$(6a - 4b + 5c)^2$$?
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Madison went shopping in two stores with her birthday gift money. In the first store, she spent two-thirds of what she had plus \$2. In the second store, she spent four-fifths of what was left plus \$1. She then had \$3 left. How many dollars did she begin with?
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When compared to animals, plants rank second in total numbers of species. Which of the following groups of animals is itself more diverse than plants? W) Vertebrates X) Mammals Y) Bacteria Z) Insects
W: W) Vertebrates
X: X) Mammals
Y: Y) Bacteria
Z: Z) Insects
Answer: Z) Z) Insects
What lobe of the cerebrum is the primary visual cortex located in?
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What is the location of the densest water mass in Earth’s oceans? W) Antarctic bottom water X) North Atlantic deep water Y) North Pacific intermediate water Z) Circumpolar deep water
W: W) Antarctic bottom water
X: X) North Atlantic deep water
Y: Y) North Pacific intermediate water
Z: Z) Circumpolar deep water
Answer: W) W) Antarctic bottom water
Identify all of the following three rock-weathering processes that are physical weathering: 1) Frost wedging; 2) Exfoliation; 3) Oxidation.
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Which of the following real gases would behave most like an ideal gas at room temperature and pressure? W) Hydrogen X) Water Y) Propane Z) Ammonia
W: W) Hydrogen
X: X) Water
Y: Y) Propane
Z: Z) Ammonia
Answer: W) W) Hydrogen
What is the pH of a 1-millimolar solution of sodium hydroxide?
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What type of heart chamber primarily functions to receive blood from the venous system?
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Which of the following is an example of a frameshift mutation? W) Changing one nucleotide into another X) Adding one nucleotide in the middle of a gene Y) Deleting three nucleotides in the middle of a gene Z) Adding three nucleotides in the middle of a gene
W: W) Changing one nucleotide into another
X: X) Adding one nucleotide in the middle of a gene
Y: Y) Deleting three nucleotides in the middle of a gene
Z: Z) Adding three nucleotides in the middle of a gene
Answer: X) X) Adding one nucleotide in the middle of a gene
How many edges does a pentagonal prism have?
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How many numbers from 1 to 100, inclusive, are not divisible by 2 or by 3?
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What is the only satellite in the solar system known to have a substantial atmosphere?
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Rank the following three celestial objects in increasing order of density: 1) Brown dwarf; 2) White dwarf; 3) Neutron star.
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Correct Order:
Which of the following statements is true of a reaction that has a very large equilibrium constant? W) It requires the input of energy X) It favors formation of reactants Y) It is endergonic Z) It is spontaneous
W: W) It requires the input of energy
X: X) It favors formation of reactants
Y: Y) It is endergonic
Z: Z) It is spontaneous
Answer: Z) Z) It is spontaneous
To the nearest whole radian per second, what is the angular speed of an object that makes a complete uniform circular revolution every second?
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What is the slope of a line perpendicular to the line that contains the points (2, 2) and (4, 9)?
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The numerals for the counting numbers are written in order, beginning with 1. What is the 219th digit written?
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What cell type transmits electrical impulses in the human brain?
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RNA polymerase “knows” where to start transcribing a gene because it binds what regions of DNA?
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Consider the gravitational force between two objects, one with mass A and the other with mass B. By what factor would the gravitational force be multiplied if the objects were kept at the same distance from each other, but had masses of 2A and 3B, respectively?
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An ideal gas with molar mass 26 is kept at 200 K and 4 atm of pressure, and is found to have a density of 1.6 g/L. What is the density, in g/L, of a different ideal gas with molar mass 52 if it is at 400 K and 2 atm?
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