HS Sample Set 10, Round 2 from NSB
Identify all of the following three categories of fuel cells that can be considered types of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: 1) Direct-methanol; 2) Molten carbonate; 3) Phosphoric acid.
Choices:
Correct Answers:
Which of the following molecules is used as a standard for determining the octane rating of gasoline? W) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane X) N-octane Y) 3-methylheptane Z) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane
W: W) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
X: X) N-octane
Y: Y) 3-methylheptane
Z: Z) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane
Answer: W) W) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
What gas accounts for approximately 78% of the dry volume of Earth’s atmosphere? W) Oxygen X) Nitrogen Y) Argon Z) Carbon dioxide
W: W) Oxygen
X: X) Nitrogen
Y: Y) Argon
Z: Z) Carbon dioxide
Answer: X) X) Nitrogen
COROT was a mission run by the European Space Agency to find what type of celestial objects?
Acceptable Answers:
What principle states that the net response at a given point caused by two waves is the sum of the responses that those waves would have caused individually?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the term for the useful work that can be obtainable from a closed system at constant temperature?
Acceptable Answers:
The citric acid cycle is a component of what kind of metabolic process? W) Aerobic respiration X) Anaerobic respiration Y) Fermentation Z) Photosynthesis
W: W) Aerobic respiration
X: X) Anaerobic respiration
Y: Y) Fermentation
Z: Z) Photosynthesis
Answer: W) W) Aerobic respiration
Which of the following best describes a lysogenic cell? W) It contains a prophage X) It is immune to viral infection Y) It is actively producing viral particles Z) It is about to lyse
W: W) It contains a prophage
X: X) It is immune to viral infection
Y: Y) It is actively producing viral particles
Z: Z) It is about to lyse
Answer: W) W) It contains a prophage
In dilute aqueous solution, H₂SO₄ is classified as which of the following? W) Strong acid X) Weak acid Y) Strong base Z) Weak base
W: W) Strong acid
X: X) Weak acid
Y: Y) Strong base
Z: Z) Weak base
Answer: W) W) Strong acid
What signs for enthalpy and entropy changes, respectively, guarantee a spontaneous reaction at all temperatures? W) Positive, positive X) Positive, negative Y) Negative, positive Z) Negative, negative
W: W) Positive, positive
X: X) Positive, negative
Y: Y) Negative, positive
Z: Z) Negative, negative
Answer: Y) Y) Negative, positive
What is the second derivative with respect to x of $2x^3 - 12$ evaluated at $x = 3$?
Acceptable Answers:
Solve the following equation for y: $3y - (2 - 2y) + 5 = 15 - y$.
Acceptable Answers:
What is the primary gaseous element of wood gas, a product of gasification?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following user facilities at the Department of Energy would be best utilized to determine the building blocks of matter created just after the Big Bang? W) Advanced Photon Source X) Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Y) High Flux Isotope Reactor Z) Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
W: W) Advanced Photon Source
X: X) Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Y: Y) High Flux Isotope Reactor
Z: Z) Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
Answer: X) X) Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Which of the following processes is used to produce additional ATP for the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? W) Cyclic electron flow X) Lactic acid fermentation Y) Glycolysis Z) Beta oxidation
W: W) Cyclic electron flow
X: X) Lactic acid fermentation
Y: Y) Glycolysis
Z: Z) Beta oxidation
Answer: W) W) Cyclic electron flow
Place the following four structures in order from inside to outside for stems with a vascular cylinder: 1) Pericycle; 2) Cortex; 3) Epidermis; 4) Pith.
Choices:
Correct Order:
For an airplane in steady, level flight, what resisting force is equal and opposite to the vehicle thrust?
Acceptable Answers:
To the nearest microfarad, what is the capacitance of a standard parallel plate capacitor with plate separation of 1 micron and plate area of 1 m²?
Acceptable Answers:
If $n$ is an integer, and $x^n$ is positive for all nonzero real numbers $x$, which of the following must be true about $n$? W) $n$ is greater than zero X) $n$ does not equal zero Y) $n$ is even Z) $n$ is odd
W: W) $n$ is greater than zero
X: X) $n$ does not equal zero
Y: Y) $n$ is even
Z: Z) $n$ is odd
Answer: Y) Y) $n$ is even
Which of the following points lies in the solution set for the system $3y - x \ge -9$ and $3y - 2x < -9$? W) (3, 1) X) (4, –4) Y) (8, –2) Z) (8, 2)
W: W) (3, 1)
X: X) (4, –4)
Y: Y) (8, –2)
Z: Z) (8, 2)
Answer: Z) Z) (8, 2)
What type of geologic fault is characterized by upward displacement of a footwall? W) Normal X) Reverse Y) Strike-slip Z) Thrust
W: W) Normal
X: X) Reverse
Y: Y) Strike-slip
Z: Z) Thrust
Answer: W) W) Normal
Identify all of the following three characteristics that can be used to distinguish the mineral calcite from the mineral quartz: 1) Color; 2) Hardness; 3) Birefringence.
Choices:
Correct Answers:
Which of the following functional groups is most likely to be formed when dodecane undergoes “cracking”? W) Alcohol X) Aldehyde Y) Alkene Z) Amide
W: W) Alcohol
X: X) Aldehyde
Y: Y) Alkene
Z: Z) Amide
Answer: Y) Y) Alkene
In diagrams of reaction mechanisms, the standard double-headed curved arrow represents the movement of what entities?
Acceptable Answers:
Membrane depolarization of an action potential is able to pass from one cardiac cell to another through what type of connection between cells? W) Desmosomes X) Tight junction Y) Occluding junction Z) Gap junction
W: W) Desmosomes
X: X) Tight junction
Y: Y) Occluding junction
Z: Z) Gap junction
Answer: Z) Z) Gap junction
Which of the following statements best describes the difference in responses of plasma cells and cytotoxic T-cells? W) Plasma cells respond the first time the invader is present, cytotoxic T-cells respond subsequent times X) Plasma cells execute the cell-mediated response, cytotoxic T-cells execute the humoral response Y) Plasma cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen, cytotoxic T-cells kill virus-infected cells Z) Plasma cells confer active immunity, cytotoxic T-cells confer passive immunity
W: W) Plasma cells respond the first time the invader is present, cytotoxic T-cells respond subsequent times
X: X) Plasma cells execute the cell-mediated response, cytotoxic T-cells execute the humoral response
Y: Y) Plasma cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen, cytotoxic T-cells kill virus-infected cells
Z: Z) Plasma cells confer active immunity, cytotoxic T-cells confer passive immunity
Answer: Y) Y) Plasma cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen, cytotoxic T-cells kill virus-infected cells
When working with three coordinate axes, what rule determines the orientation of the z-axis in relation to the x- and y-axes? W) Left-hand rule X) Octant rule Y) Right-hand rule Z) Three-space rule
W: W) Left-hand rule
X: X) Octant rule
Y: Y) Right-hand rule
Z: Z) Three-space rule
Answer: Y) Y) Right-hand rule
What number must be added to both the numerator and denominator of $\tfrac{3}{4}$ to get $\tfrac{4}{3}$?
Acceptable Answers:
What property of concentration in chemistry is defined as moles of solute per kilograms of solvent and is useful when calculating freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation?
Acceptable Answers:
DO NOT ACCEPT:
Which of the following substances would you expect to be the most miscible with water? W) Methanol X) Ethyl acetate Y) 2-butanal Z) Butyraldehyde
W: W) Methanol
X: X) Ethyl acetate
Y: Y) 2-butanal
Z: Z) Butyraldehyde
Answer: W) W) Methanol
Bauxite, the hydroxide ore of aluminum, is mined primarily from deposits in tropical areas. What process causes these deposits to form? W) Chemical weathering X) Magmatic intrusion Y) Lake turnover Z) Metasomatism
W: W) Chemical weathering
X: X) Magmatic intrusion
Y: Y) Lake turnover
Z: Z) Metasomatism
Answer: W) W) Chemical weathering
The Oso landslide that occurred in Washington State in 2014 moved 1.2 kilometers across the North Fork Stillaguamish River in a single minute. What was the speed of this landslide in miles per hour, rounded to the nearest tenth?
Acceptable Answers:
What electronic measuring instrument may be used as an ohmmeter, ammeter, or voltmeter?
Acceptable Answers:
To the nearest whole number of joules, what is the work done by gravity on a 500-gram ball that has rolled 20 meters down a 30° incline?
Acceptable Answers:
In what form can excess electrical energy be stored in a flywheel? W) Rotational kinetic energy X) Rotational potential energy Y) Translational momentum Z) Rotational gravitational energy
W: W) Rotational kinetic energy
X: X) Rotational potential energy
Y: Y) Translational momentum
Z: Z) Rotational gravitational energy
Answer: W) W) Rotational kinetic energy
What is the most commonly used material for the anode in commercial lithium-ion batteries?
Acceptable Answers:
What subsurface phenomenon, defined as soil that is perennially frozen, occurs beneath much of the state of Alaska and, as it melts, causes extensive damage to roads, trains, and pipelines?
Acceptable Answers:
DO NOT ACCEPT:
In the distant future, the Andromeda Galaxy will collide with the Milky Way. Which of the following would a hypothetical alien presently living in Andromeda observe about Balmer lines from our galaxy? W) Their wavelengths are shorter than expected X) Their wavelengths are longer than expected Y) Their frequencies are lower than expected Z) They are not subject to Zeeman splitting
W: W) Their wavelengths are shorter than expected
X: X) Their wavelengths are longer than expected
Y: Y) Their frequencies are lower than expected
Z: Z) They are not subject to Zeeman splitting
Answer: W) W) Their wavelengths are shorter than expected
How many points of intersection do the graphs of the functions $f(x) = -x^2$ and $g(x) = 2^x$ have?
Acceptable Answers:
The terminal side of an angle in standard position passes through the point $(8, -15)$. Find the sine and tangent, respectively, of the angle.
Acceptable Answers:
A Carnot engine operates between a hot temperature of 527 °C and a cold temperature of 127 °C. What is its efficiency?
Acceptable Answers:
Three resistors are connected in parallel to a 10-amp DC current source. If the individual resistances are 5 Ω, 8 Ω, and 20 Ω, what is the power, to the nearest watt, dissipated by the circuit?
Acceptable Answers:
Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding lysosomes: 1) Lysosomal enzymes are active at acidic pH; 2) Lysosomes are implicated in inclusion-cell disease; 3) Lysosomes are formed from late endosomes.
Choices:
Correct Answers:
The term capnophile, used to describe a microbe, refers to the microbe’s preference for environments high in what?
Acceptable Answers:
What geologic eon extends from around 542 million years ago through the present day?
Acceptable Answers:
Global warming leads to positive feedbacks that accelerate the greenhouse effect. Which of the following is an example of this? W) Plants photosynthesize more efficiently in a CO₂-rich atmosphere X) Reduced snow cover allows more solar radiation to warm the ground Y) More CO₂ is sequestered by rock weathering in a warmer atmosphere Z) A warmer Earth loses more radiation to space
W: W) Plants photosynthesize more efficiently in a CO₂-rich atmosphere
X: X) Reduced snow cover allows more solar radiation to warm the ground
Y: Y) More CO₂ is sequestered by rock weathering in a warmer atmosphere
Z: Z) A warmer Earth loses more radiation to space
Answer: X) X) Reduced snow cover allows more solar radiation to warm the ground