HS Sample Set 7, Round 3 from NSB
If $$\log_{10}(100^{2x}) = 2$$, what is the value of \(x\)?
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Simplify the following expression: $$\sec^2\!\bigl(\tfrac{3\pi}{4}\bigr)\;-\;\csc^2\!\bigl(\tfrac{\pi}{4}\bigr)\;-\;\cos^2(4\pi).$$
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What is the electron configuration of chromium?
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Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is used to transform a ketone into what functional group?
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A box is sitting on a ramp with a coefficient of static friction of 0.7. Which of the following is closest to the smallest ramp angle for which the box will begin to slide down the ramp? W) 30° X) 35° Y) 45° Z) 60°
W: W) 30°
X: X) 35°
Y: Y) 45°
Z: Z) 60°
Answer: X) X) 35°
Assuming that 1 atmosphere = \(1.01\times10^5\) Pa and the density of water is 1000 kg/m³, at what depth of water will the absolute pressure be 10.8 times the atmospheric pressure? W) 10.1 meters X) 101 meters Y) 1,010 meters Z) 10.1 kilometers
W: W) 10.1 meters
X: X) 101 meters
Y: Y) 1,010 meters
Z: Z) 10.1 kilometers
Answer: X) X) 101 meters
Which of the following is closest to the percentage of incoming solar radiation that is absorbed by the ocean and land? W) 5% X) 15% Y) 20% Z) 50%
W: W) 5%
X: X) 15%
Y: Y) 20%
Z: Z) 50%
Answer: Z) Z) 50%
In which of the following silicate groups of minerals does olivine belong? W) Nesosilicates X) Inosilicates Y) Sorosilicates Z) Phyllosilicates
W: W) Nesosilicates
X: X) Inosilicates
Y: Y) Sorosilicates
Z: Z) Phyllosilicates
Answer: W) W) Nesosilicates
Eukaryotic genes are composed of introns and exons. Which of the following eukaryotes would have the shortest intron size? W) Mice X) Fruit flies Y) Humans Z) Yeast
W: W) Mice
X: X) Fruit flies
Y: Y) Humans
Z: Z) Yeast
Answer: Z) Z) Yeast
In the production of mammalian proteins, the first amino acid in the polypeptide sequence is almost always the same amino acid. What is this amino acid?
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Which of the following has long been considered the upper theoretical percentage limit for solar cell efficiency? W) 24.5% X) 33.7% Y) 41.2% Z) 62.8%
W: W) 24.5%
X: X) 33.7%
Y: Y) 41.2%
Z: Z) 62.8%
Answer: X) X) 33.7%
What property of hydrogen makes water a good neutron moderator? W) It has a small neutron scattering cross section X) It has a large neutron scattering cross section Y) It is fissile Z) It evaporates at 373 K
W: W) It has a small neutron scattering cross section
X: X) It has a large neutron scattering cross section
Y: Y) It is fissile
Z: Z) It evaporates at 373 K
Answer: X) X) It has a large neutron scattering cross section
What is the probability that at least one head appears in 4 tosses of a fair coin?
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What is the inner product of the vectors \(-4\mathbf{i}+3\mathbf{j}+5\mathbf{k}\) and \(3\mathbf{i}-6\mathbf{j}+7\mathbf{k}\)?
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Which of the following is true of spontaneous processes at constant temperature, volume, and pressure? W) Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies increase X) Gibbs free energy increases; Helmholtz free energy decreases Y) Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies decrease Z) Gibbs free energy decreases; Helmholtz free energy increases
W: W) Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies increase
X: X) Gibbs free energy increases; Helmholtz free energy decreases
Y: Y) Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies decrease
Z: Z) Gibbs free energy decreases; Helmholtz free energy increases
Answer: Y) Y) Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies decrease
Identify, respectively, the dominant intermolecular force that has the greatest effect on the following four molecules: 1) Methane 2) Benzoic acid 3) Hydrogen chloride gas 4) Ferric sulfide
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In order to play a low C followed by a high C, one octave up, on a violin string, the violinist must increase the frequency of the string by what factor?
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A large water rocket weighs 600 N and has an exhaust speed of 5 m/s. It doesn’t leave the ground and ceases to apply force on the ground. What must be the volume flow rate of the exhaust in L/s?
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Most solar radiation is emitted in short wavelengths. Visible wavelengths fall in which of the following ranges in micrometers? W) 0.1 – 0.4 X) 0.4 – 0.7 Y) 0.7 – 1.0 Z) 1.0 – 1.3
W: W) 0.1 – 0.4
X: X) 0.4 – 0.7
Y: Y) 0.7 – 1.0
Z: Z) 1.0 – 1.3
Answer: X) X) 0.4 – 0.7
What is the word used to describe pebbles in a river that are overlapping and dip in the upstream direction?
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During which phase of interphase does expression of proteins needed to prepare for DNA replication increase?
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Brine shrimp are able to survive in wide ranges of salinity. Which of the following phrases is NOT true regarding their osmoregulation when placed in a tank of saline? W) Osmoconformation: body fluid osmolarity = osmolarity of surrounding saline X) Osmoregulation: body fluid osmolarity ≠ osmolarity of surrounding saline Y) Hyper-osmoregulation: body fluid osmolarity > osmolarity of surrounding saline Z) Hypo-osmoregulation: body fluid osmolarity < osmolarity of surrounding saline
W: W) Osmoconformation: body fluid osmolarity = osmolarity of surrounding saline
X: X) Osmoregulation: body fluid osmolarity ≠ osmolarity of surrounding saline
Y: Y) Hyper-osmoregulation: body fluid osmolarity > osmolarity of surrounding saline
Z: Z) Hypo-osmoregulation: body fluid osmolarity < osmolarity of surrounding saline
Answer: Y) Y) Hyper-osmoregulation: body fluid osmolarity > osmolarity of surrounding saline
In an isothermal system, what is one way to increase the number of interactions of a gas with a solid surface?
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If yellow light has a wavelength of 550 nm, which of the following colors and associated wavelengths is most energetic? W) Violet, 700 nm X) Green, 500 nm Y) Red, 500 nm Z) Red, 700 nm
W: W) Violet, 700 nm
X: X) Green, 500 nm
Y: Y) Red, 500 nm
Z: Z) Red, 700 nm
Answer: X) X) Green, 500 nm
What is the general solution to the differential equation \(\tfrac{dy}{dx} = 2x + 1\)? W) \(y = x^2 + x + C\) X) \(y = \tfrac12 x^2 + C\) Y) \(y = 2 + C\) Z) \(y = 2x + C\)
W: W) \(y = x^2 + x + C\)
X: X) \(y = \tfrac12 x^2 + C\)
Y: Y) \(y = 2 + C\)
Z: Z) \(y = 2x + C\)
Answer: W) W) \(y = x^2 + x + C\)
Simplify: \(x^{1/2}\bigl(x^{1/2}+x^{1/2}\bigr)\).
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You have 500 g of sciencebowlium-23 and after 4 days it weighs 62.5 g. How many hours is the half-life of sciencebowlium-23?
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What is the bond order of the nitrogen–oxygen bond in the nitrate anion?
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Two satellites of masses \(m_1\) and \(m_2\), where \(m_1=4m_2\), are in circular orbits of the same radius around Earth. What is the ratio of their linear speeds \(v_1/v_2\)? W) 1/4 X) 1 Y) 2 Z) 4
W: W) 1/4
X: X) 1
Y: Y) 2
Z: Z) 4
Answer: X) X) 1
Assuming \(h=6.63\times10^{-34}\) J·s, what is the approximate energy of a photon in a 1000 nm light beam? W) \(2\times10^{-19}\) J X) \(2\times10^{-18}\) J Y) \(2\times10^{-17}\) J Z) \(4\times10^{-18}\) J
W: W) \(2\times10^{-19}\) J
X: X) \(2\times10^{-18}\) J
Y: Y) \(2\times10^{-17}\) J
Z: Z) \(4\times10^{-18}\) J
Answer: W) W) \(2\times10^{-19}\) J
What type of front travels at about 30 mph and has a slope of about 1:100?
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What is the name of the deepest lake in Africa that was formed from continental rifting?
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A type of albinism in the Hopi population is caused by mutation of the OCA2 gene. If the dominant form gives normal pigmentation, which genotype results in albinism? W) Heterozygous codominant X) Homozygous dominant Y) Homozygous recessive Z) Heterozygous incomplete dominance
W: W) Heterozygous codominant
X: X) Homozygous dominant
Y: Y) Homozygous recessive
Z: Z) Heterozygous incomplete dominance
Answer: Y) Y) Homozygous recessive
Identify all of the following five cell types that are diploid: 1) Spermatogonium 2) Spermatids 3) Secondary spermatocyte 4) Primary spermatocyte 5) Mature sperm cells
Choices:
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In order to see a full-height image of your body, the vertical size of a mirror should be at least: W) One-quarter of your height X) Half of your height Y) Your height Z) Twice your height
W: W) One-quarter of your height
X: X) Half of your height
Y: Y) Your height
Z: Z) Twice your height
Answer: X) X) Half of your height
A mass spectrometry experiment uses a magnetic field of 0.2 N/(A·m) and an electric field of \(3.0\times10^5\) V/m. What is the speed of the ions? W) 750 m/s X) 1,500 m/s Y) 150 km/s Z) 1,500 km/s
W: W) 750 m/s
X: X) 1,500 m/s
Y: Y) 150 km/s
Z: Z) 1,500 km/s
Answer: Z) Z) 1,500 km/s
What is the derivative of \(y=(3x+1)^2\)? W) 18x + 6 X) 18x Y) 6x + 1 Z) 6x + 2
W: W) 18x + 6
X: X) 18x
Y: Y) 6x + 1
Z: Z) 6x + 2
Answer: W) W) 18x + 6
What is the equation, in slope-intercept form, of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment with endpoints (4,10) and (−6,8)?
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At high temperatures, N₂ and O₂ react to form NO in a closed vessel. Which change will produce more NO? W) Addition of helium at constant volume X) Adding a catalyst Y) Increasing the temperature of the vessel Z) Removing oxygen from the vessel
W: W) Addition of helium at constant volume
X: X) Adding a catalyst
Y: Y) Increasing the temperature of the vessel
Z: Z) Removing oxygen from the vessel
Answer: Y) Y) Increasing the temperature of the vessel
Dinitrogen tetroxide is a powerful oxidizer used with hydrazine fuels. What is the point group of dinitrogen tetroxide?
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A light ray passes from air (n₁=1.00) to cornea (n₂=1.33), lens (n₃=1.41), and vitreous humor (n₄=1.33). Let v₁, v₂, v₃, v₄ be the speeds of light in these media. Which relation is true? W) v₁ < v₂ < v₃ < v₄ X) v₄ < v₃ < v₂ < v₁ Y) v₃ < v₂ and v₄ < v₁ Z) v₂ < v₃ and v₁ < v₄
W: W) v₁ < v₂ < v₃ < v₄
X: X) v₄ < v₃ < v₂ < v₁
Y: Y) v₃ < v₂ and v₄ < v₁
Z: Z) v₂ < v₃ and v₁ < v₄
Answer: Y) Y) v₃ < v₂ and v₄ < v₁
Two satellites orbit a planet in circular orbits of radii r₁ and r₂, where r₁ = 4r₂. What is the ratio of their orbital periods T₁/T₂?
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What international agreement, drafted in 1987, was designed to phase out production of CFCs that damage the ozone layer?
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The shells of which zooplankton group are used in radiocarbon dating of ocean sediments? W) Polycistina X) Foraminifera Y) Acantheria Z) Ciliata
W: W) Polycistina
X: X) Foraminifera
Y: Y) Acantheria
Z: Z) Ciliata
Answer: X) X) Foraminifera
If the frequency of allele B in a population is 0.4, what is the frequency of allele b under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?
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Arrange the following taxa from the largest number of known living species to the least: 1) Amphibians 2) Mammals 3) Fishes 4) Birds
Choices:
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The Bakken oil/gas field is estimated to contain up to 24 billion barrels of oil. In which state is it located? W) North Dakota X) Oklahoma Y) Pennsylvania Z) Texas
W: W) North Dakota
X: X) Oklahoma
Y: Y) Pennsylvania
Z: Z) Texas
Answer: W) W) North Dakota
Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) could generate what percentage of current U.S. electric capacity? W) 5% X) 15% Y) 25% Z) 50%
W: W) 5%
X: X) 15%
Y: Y) 25%
Z: Z) 50%
Answer: Z) Z) 50%
Which animal would have the highest levels of myoglobin in its muscle? W) American pronghorn X) Human Y) Weddell seal Z) Kangaroo rat
W: W) American pronghorn
X: X) Human
Y: Y) Weddell seal
Z: Z) Kangaroo rat
Answer: Y) Y) Weddell seal
Influenza can undergo reassortment due to which feature? W) Widely varying strains X) Diversity of host animals Y) Segmented genome Z) Lack of effective antivirals
W: W) Widely varying strains
X: X) Diversity of host animals
Y: Y) Segmented genome
Z: Z) Lack of effective antivirals
Answer: Y) Y) Segmented genome