MS Sample Set 4, Round 17 from NSB

Questions in Packet

TOSS-UP phys phrase

In which direction does the vector of centripetal acceleration point in uniform circular motion?

Acceptable Answers:

  • TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE CIRCLE

BONUS phys phrase

If an object in uniform circular motion has a centripetal acceleration of 2 meters per second squared and is moving in a circle with a radius of 2 meters, what is its velocity in meters per second?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 2

TOSS-UP general phrase

How many carbon atoms are in a molecule of propanol?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3

BONUS general multiple_choice

Which of the following substances would be least likely to dissolve in water? W) Polar compound X) Nonpolar compound Y) Ionic compound Z) Salt

W: W) Polar compound

X: X) Nonpolar compound

Y: Y) Ionic compound

Z: Z) Salt

Answer: X) X) Nonpolar compound

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the nucleus? W) Anaphase X) Prophase Y) Interphase Z) Metaphase

W: W) Anaphase

X: X) Prophase

Y: Y) Interphase

Z: Z) Metaphase

Answer: Z) Z) Metaphase

BONUS bio phrase

During what stage of meiosis does crossing over take place?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Prophase I

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following choices is NOT a condition required for the formation of a thunderstorm? W) Humid air in low- to mid-troposphere X) Atmospheric instability Y) Relatively low temperatures Z) A source of uplift

W: W) Humid air in low- to mid-troposphere

X: X) Atmospheric instability

Y: Y) Relatively low temperatures

Z: Z) A source of uplift

Answer: Y) Y) Relatively low temperatures

BONUS ess phrase

What is the name for an elongated cluster of thunderstorm cells that is accompanied by a continuous gust front at the line’s leading edge?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Squall line

TOSS-UP general phrase

According to its nutrition facts, a candy bar contains 100 calories. Giving your answer to the nearest hundred, what would the equivalent be in joules?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 418,400
  • 418,000

BONUS general phrase

Giving your answer to the nearest thousand, how many joules of energy are required to raise the temperature of 2 kilograms of water by 3 °C?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 25,000

TOSS-UP energy phrase

What type of device converts heat energy into mechanical work?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Heat engine

BONUS energy multiple_choice

Which of the following devices exemplifies a reverse heat engine? W) Diesel engine X) Electrical generator Y) Refrigerator Z) Steam engine

W: W) Diesel engine

X: X) Electrical generator

Y: Y) Refrigerator

Z: Z) Steam engine

Answer: Y) Y) Refrigerator

TOSS-UP general multiple_choice

Which of the following is not an example of a cartilaginous fish? W) Longnose skate X) Pink salmon Y) Tiger shark Z) Sting ray

W: W) Longnose skate

X: X) Pink salmon

Y: Y) Tiger shark

Z: Z) Sting ray

Answer: X) X) Pink salmon

BONUS general phrase

What is the adjective for a fish that is born in fresh water, swims to salt water, and returns to fresh water to spawn?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Anadromous

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following could be used to neutralize an acid spill? W) Hydrogen sulfide X) Calcium oxide Y) Water Z) Bromine

W: W) Hydrogen sulfide

X: X) Calcium oxide

Y: Y) Water

Z: Z) Bromine

Answer: X) X) Calcium oxide

BONUS phys phrase

According to the Lewis definition of an acid, what can a Lewis acid accept from a Lewis base?

Acceptable Answers:

  • An electron pair
  • Electrons

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

About what percentage of worldwide rainfall occurs in the tropics? W) 14% X) 45% Y) 66% Z) 85%

W: W) 14%

X: X) 45%

Y: Y) 66%

Z: Z) 85%

Answer: Y) Y) 66%

BONUS ess multiple_choice

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite was launched in 1997 with the primary mission of measuring rainfall from space using passive microwave and active radar sensors. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of TRMM? W) Increased understanding of the water cycle X) Increased understanding of the heat release associated with rainfall Y) Increased understanding of contrails Z) Better likelihood of accurate climate models

W: W) Increased understanding of the water cycle

X: X) Increased understanding of the heat release associated with rainfall

Y: Y) Increased understanding of contrails

Z: Z) Better likelihood of accurate climate models

Answer: Y) Y) Increased understanding of contrails

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is the integer value that is equal to $$\log 5 + \log 2$$?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 1

BONUS math phrase

What is the volume of a rectangular pyramid in cubic meters if the length of the base is 3.5 meters, the width of the base is 4 meters, and the height of the pyramid is 6 meters?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 28

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

Which of the following quantities is always conserved in an inelastic collision? W) Kinetic energy X) Mechanical energy Y) Momentum Z) Impulse

W: W) Kinetic energy

X: X) Mechanical energy

Y: Y) Momentum

Z: Z) Impulse

Answer: Y) Y) Momentum

BONUS phys phrase

The linear momentum of a particle is directly proportional to which two quantities?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Mass and velocity

TOSS-UP bio phrase

Give the name currently used for the heterogeneous group of fungi in which scientists have never observed sexual reproduction.

Acceptable Answers:

  • Imperfect fungi
  • Deuteromycota

BONUS bio phrase

Name the best known product made from organisms classified as imperfect fungi.

Acceptable Answers:

  • Penicillin

TOSS-UP math phrase

What is the sum of all positive integer factors of 6?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 12

BONUS math phrase

Assuming all functions are defined, and expressing your answer in simplest form, evaluate $$\frac{n^2 + 7n - 8}{n - 1} \times \frac{n^2 - 4}{n^2 + 6n - 16}\,. $$

Acceptable Answers:

  • \(n + 2\)

TOSS-UP energy phrase

In a four stroke internal combustion engine, during which stroke is the energy transformed from chemical potential energy to kinetic energy?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Power

BONUS energy phrase

A car’s radiator is an example of a component that transfers heat generated within a solid material to a fluid medium. What is such a component called?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Heat sink

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

When alkali metals such as sodium are placed in water, a gaseous substance is produced. What is this gas? W) Water vapor X) Oxygen Y) Hydrogen Z) Carbon dioxide

W: W) Water vapor

X: X) Oxygen

Y: Y) Hydrogen

Z: Z) Carbon dioxide

Answer: Y) Y) Hydrogen

BONUS phys multiple_choice

Which of the following is NOT a transition metal? W) Aluminum X) Zinc Y) Copper Z) Manganese

W: W) Aluminum

X: X) Zinc

Y: Y) Copper

Z: Z) Manganese

Answer: W) W) Aluminum

TOSS-UP math phrase

How many positive factors does the number 1051 have?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 2

BONUS math phrase

In right triangle \(ABC\), \(\angle A = 60^\circ\), \(\angle C = 90^\circ\), and side \(AB = 10\) centimeters. What is the length of side \(BC\) in centimeters?

Acceptable Answers:

  • \(5\sqrt{3}\)

TOSS-UP bio phrase

Since the 1970’s, what have scientists observed about the size of global amphibian populations?

Acceptable Answers:

  • They have declined

BONUS bio multiple_choice

Which of the following correctly matches an order of amphibians and its characteristics? W) Squamata: legs, clawed toes and external ears X) Anura: long bodies and tails Y) Apoda: tentacles and fishlike scales Z) Urodela: no tails, can jump

W: W) Squamata: legs, clawed toes and external ears

X: X) Anura: long bodies and tails

Y: Y) Apoda: tentacles and fishlike scales

Z: Z) Urodela: no tails, can jump

Answer: Y) Y) Apoda: tentacles and fishlike scales

TOSS-UP energy phrase

What chemical reaction is necessary to convert the chemical energy from fossil fuels into usable forms of energy such as electricity?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Combustion
  • Oxidation

BONUS energy multiple_choice

Which of the following is the typical shape of a charged particle’s path in a magnetic field? W) Elliptical X) Circular Y) Parabolic Z) Hyperbolic

W: W) Elliptical

X: X) Circular

Y: Y) Parabolic

Z: Z) Hyperbolic

Answer: X) X) Circular

TOSS-UP ess phrase

If Jupiter is approximately five times farther from the Sun than the Earth, what fraction of the intensity of light does it receive relative to the Earth?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 1/25

BONUS ess multiple_choice

If you see the Moon in the western sky just above the setting Sun, what is the Moon’s phase? W) New moon X) Full moon Y) Gibbous Z) Waxing crescent

W: W) New moon

X: X) Full moon

Y: Y) Gibbous

Z: Z) Waxing crescent

Answer: Z) Z) Waxing crescent

TOSS-UP math phrase

What are the x-intercepts for the function \(f(x) = x^2 - x - 12\)?

Acceptable Answers:

  • (4, 0) and (–3, 0)
  • 4 and –3

BONUS math phrase

Find the reference angle to angle \(A = 215^\circ\).

Acceptable Answers:

  • 35°

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

The similarities between the lungs of a reptile and the air bladder of a fish can be described, in evolutionary terms, as: W) Homologous structures X) Erroneous structures Y) Vestigial structures Z) Inert structures

W: W) Homologous structures

X: X) Erroneous structures

Y: Y) Vestigial structures

Z: Z) Inert structures

Answer: W) W) Homologous structures

BONUS bio phrase

The similarities between the wings of a bat and the wings of a dragonfly can be described, in evolutionary terms, as what type of structures?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Analogous

TOSS-UP general multiple_choice

The intramolecular bonds that hold together an individual water molecule can be classified as which of the following? W) Polar covalent X) Nonpolar covalent Y) Hydrogen bonds Z) Ionic bonds

W: W) Polar covalent

X: X) Nonpolar covalent

Y: Y) Hydrogen bonds

Z: Z) Ionic bonds

Answer: W) W) Polar covalent

BONUS general phrase

What type of bonds are the main intermolecular forces that allow water molecules to undergo cohesion?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Hydrogen bonds

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which north or south latitude experiences the greatest variation in sun exposure over the course of the year? W) 0° X) 30° Y) 60° Z) 90°

W: W) 0°

X: X) 30°

Y: Y) 60°

Z: Z) 90°

Answer: Z) Z) 90°

BONUS ess phrase

What geological feature is responsible for the dark spots on the Moon?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Solid pools of lava
  • Basaltic lava

TOSS-UP math multiple_choice

Which of the following is true about the function \[ y = \frac{4x^5 + 6}{3}\,? \] W) The function is odd X) The function is even Y) The function is positive Z) The function is neither odd nor even

W: W) The function is odd

X: X) The function is even

Y: Y) The function is positive

Z: Z) The function is neither odd nor even

Answer: Z) Z) The function is neither odd nor even

BONUS math phrase

What is the radius, in units, of a cone with a volume of \(384\pi\) cubic units and a height of 8 units?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 12

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Marcellus shale occurs in the subsurface under several states. Which of the following is NOT one of them? W) Indiana X) Ohio Y) Pennsylvania Z) West Virginia

W: W) Indiana

X: X) Ohio

Y: Y) Pennsylvania

Z: Z) West Virginia

Answer: W) W) Indiana

BONUS ess phrase

Recently, deposits of which natural resource were found in the Marcellus shale of the Appalachian Basin?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Natural gas