HS Sample Set 11, Round 17 from NSB
The majority of speciation [spee-see-AY-shun] occurs under which of the following circumstances? W) When populations undergo sexual selection X) When populations become geographically separated Y) When populations are R selected Z) When populations reach carrying capacity
W: W) When populations undergo sexual selection
X: X) When populations become geographically separated
Y: Y) When populations are R selected
Z: Z) When populations reach carrying capacity
Answer: X) X) When populations become geographically separated
A bacterial colony is raised in heavy nitrogen media for several generations, then transferred to a nitrogen-14 medium. Identify all of the following statements that will be true after one generation: 1) Half of the bacteria will have denser DNA than the other half; 2) Half of the bacteria will have no heavy nitrogen in their DNA; 3) Half of the bacteria will have no nitrogen-14 in their DNA.
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Which of the following molecular geometries can exhibit meridional isomerism? W) Linear X) Square planar Y) Tetrahedral Z) Octahedral
W: W) Linear
X: X) Square planar
Y: Y) Tetrahedral
Z: Z) Octahedral
Answer: Z) Z) Octahedral
What is the fewest number of carbonyl stretching bands that can be seen in the infrared spectrum of a metal atom that is bound to four CO ligands?
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Comet McNaught visited in 2007 but is now on a path to leave the solar system forever. Which of the following best describes its orbit? W) Circular X) Elliptical Y) Parabolic Z) Hyperbolic
W: W) Circular
X: X) Elliptical
Y: Y) Parabolic
Z: Z) Hyperbolic
Answer: Z) Z) Hyperbolic
21-centimeter radiation is observed throughout much of space because it is generated from the neutral form of what element?
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Consider a triangle with two sides with lengths of 4 and 9. How many different integers could be the length of the third side?
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What is the limit as $$x \to 0$$ of $$\frac{x - 1 + e^{3x}}{\sin x}$$?
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The energy price spikes in the 1970s and in 2008 suggested which of the following about U.S. energy usage? W) Usage rises in response to rising prices X) Usage stays the same when prices rise Y) Usage drops in response to rising prices Z) There was no consistent trend about U.S. energy usage
W: W) Usage rises in response to rising prices
X: X) Usage stays the same when prices rise
Y: Y) Usage drops in response to rising prices
Z: Z) There was no consistent trend about U.S. energy usage
Answer: Y) Y) Usage drops in response to rising prices
What country is the source of the largest percentage of petroleum imported to the US?
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What is the name of the low-temperature state characterized by zero resistance transport of electron pairs?
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Most ships are more stable in a capsized rather than upright state. Order the following points from bottom-most to top-most for an upright, metastable ship: 1) Center of gravity; 2) Center of buoyancy; 3) Metacenter.
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Methylation of cytosine was once thought to play an important role in repressing gene regulation. Deamination of 5-methylcytosine results in the production of what other nucleobase?
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Identify all of the following three disorders that are usually inherited dominantly: 1) Huntington’s disease; 2) Albinism; 3) Polydactyly.
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Identify all of the following three fatty acids that are unsaturated: 1) C₁₃H₂₇COOH; 2) C₁₇H₃₅COOH; 3) C₁₆H₂₉COOH.
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What reaction in organic chemistry forms alkenes via a reaction of a carbonyl group with a yellow-colored phosphorus ylide?
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Scientists can study solar fusion via observations of certain near-massless particles that travel through the Sun. What are these particles?
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Which of the following is the best approximation of how much time a supergiant star can survive by way of silicon fusion? W) 1 day X) 1 year Y) 1 thousand years Z) 1 million years
W: W) 1 day
X: X) 1 year
Y: Y) 1 thousand years
Z: Z) 1 million years
Answer: W) W) 1 day
In a junction transistor used as a switch, which terminal controls the current through the other two terminals?
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Oil shale is a type of organic-rich sedimentary rock that can be used to produce shale oil, also known as tight oil, which is a substitute for conventional crude oil. Which of the following varieties of oil shale is NOT classified as a marine shale? W) Kukersite X) Torbanite Y) Tasminite Z) Marinite
W: W) Kukersite
X: X) Torbanite
Y: Y) Tasminite
Z: Z) Marinite
Answer: X) X) Torbanite
How much work, in joules, is done on a particle of charge 2 coulombs as it accelerates over a distance of 1 meter in an electric field of strength 9 volts per meter?
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Which of the following conservation laws is related by Noether’s theorem to translational spatial symmetry? W) Conservation of mass X) Conservation of linear momentum Y) Conservation of angular momentum Z) Conservation of electric charge
W: W) Conservation of mass
X: X) Conservation of linear momentum
Y: Y) Conservation of angular momentum
Z: Z) Conservation of electric charge
Answer: X) X) Conservation of linear momentum
Evaluate the following expression: –i³³.
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A triangular right prism has each edge of length 4. What is its surface area?
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The further advancement of rechargeable batteries is currently hindered by unavoidable growth of what during battery cell recharge? W) Lithium dendrites X) Potassium salts Y) Nickel deposits Z) Lead precipitates
W: W) Lithium dendrites
X: X) Potassium salts
Y: Y) Nickel deposits
Z: Z) Lead precipitates
Answer: W) W) Lithium dendrites
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s National Ignition Facility is using what technology to further nuclear fusion energy research? W) Magnetic plasma confinement X) Toroidal plasma confinement Y) Laser inertial confinement Z) Electromagnetic implosion
W: W) Magnetic plasma confinement
X: X) Toroidal plasma confinement
Y: Y) Laser inertial confinement
Z: Z) Electromagnetic implosion
Answer: Y) Y) Laser inertial confinement
The precession of Mercury’s orbit about the sun presented an anomaly for the scientists that observed it. What theory correctly predicted the magnitude of precession each year?
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A charged conducting sphere is connected by a long, thin conducting wire to an uncharged conducting sphere that has half the radius of the first sphere. After some time has passed, what fraction of the original charge remains on the first sphere?
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In 1967, Jocelyn Bell detected a regularly pulsing radio signal, which she called LGM. What type of celestial object produced this signal?
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What carbonate mineral is green in color and contains copper as its main cation?
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Identify all of the following four compounds that are polar: 1) XeF₄; 2) SF₄; 3) BrF₅; 4) PF₅.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the seven crystal lattice systems? W) Orthorhombic X) Monoclinic Y) Octagonal Z) Cubic
W: W) Orthorhombic
X: X) Monoclinic
Y: Y) Octagonal
Z: Z) Cubic
Answer: Y) Y) Octagonal
In E. coli, a certain gene undergoes a mutation such that the resulting protein is much larger in size and now non-functional. What type of mutation likely occurred?
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A scientist crosses a pea plant that is true breeding for the dominant traits of round and yellow seeds with a plant that is true breeding for wrinkled, green seeds. What fraction of the offspring will have round, green seeds?
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A set of test scores is normally distributed with mean 72 and standard deviation 6. What score corresponds to a Z-score of –1.5?
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A 5-digit palindrome has 3 different digits and is divisible by 18. What is its largest possible value?
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Unlike reflectors, refracting telescopes may require an additional lens to correct for what optical disturbance?
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The addition of what metal to the Earth’s oceans has been proposed as a potential way to decrease atmospheric carbon dioxide through the stimulation of photosynthetic bacteria?
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Within a valence bond interpretation, what is the hybridization of the carbon atoms’ valence electrons in the ethylene molecule?
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Which of the following elements has an electron configuration that follows the simple order of orbital filling? W) Technetium X) Ruthenium Y) Rhodium Z) Palladium
W: W) Technetium
X: X) Ruthenium
Y: Y) Rhodium
Z: Z) Palladium
Answer: W) W) Technetium
What quark was most recently discovered?
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If an electron is moving in the positive-x direction with increasing speed, identify all of the following scenarios that could be responsible for the driving force: 1) A magnetic field pointing in the negative-x direction; 2) An electric field pointing in the negative-x direction; 3) A magnetic field pointing in the negative-z direction.
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What base-10 numeral does the following Roman numeral represent: CMXLVI?
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What is the following cross product of vectors: \(5\mathbf{i} - 3\mathbf{j} + \mathbf{k}\) cross \(4\mathbf{j}\)?
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What is the term for mobile elements of DNA that can cut and paste themselves into new locations?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding plant hormones: 1) Auxin plays an important role in gravitropism; 2) Abscisic acid inhibits primary and secondary growth; 3) Cytokinin increases rate of leaf senescence.
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