HS Sample Set 8, Round 8 from NSB
Which of the following best describes the system of linear equations: $y - 2x = -2$, $y + x = 4$? W) Consistent, Dependent X) Consistent, Independent Y) Inconsistent, Dependent Z) Inconsistent, Independent
W: W) Consistent, Dependent
X: X) Consistent, Independent
Y: Y) Inconsistent, Dependent
Z: Z) Inconsistent, Independent
Answer: X) X) Consistent, Independent
What is the largest possible sum of the digits on a 12-hour digital clock that displays the hours and minutes?
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Which of the following instruments would be used to sterilize glassware for use in a biology lab? W) Microtome X) Autoclave Y) Spectrometer Z) Thermocycler
W: W) Microtome
X: X) Autoclave
Y: Y) Spectrometer
Z: Z) Thermocycler
Answer: X) X) Autoclave
In dragons, the alleles for yellow flame color and blue flame color are incompletely dominant. If a homozygous yellow-flame dragon mates with a homozygous blue-flame dragon, all of the brood will have green flame. Which of the following choices represents an expected probability for a brood produced by two green-flame dragons? W) 75% green flame X) 75% blue flame Y) 25% yellow flame Z) 25% green flame
W: W) 75% green flame
X: X) 75% blue flame
Y: Y) 25% yellow flame
Z: Z) 25% green flame
Answer: Y) Y) 25% yellow flame
Which of the following molecules is NOT an exception to the octet rule? W) BF3 X) NH3 Y) SF4 Z) NO
W: W) BF3
X: X) NH3
Y: Y) SF4
Z: Z) NO
Answer: X) X) NH3
In nickel-cadmium batteries, the cadmium electrode undergoes what process?
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Millikan’s oil-drop experiment was used to calculate what physical value?
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Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding a system undergoing rotation? W) Torque is the physical quantity describing a force causing rotation about an axis X) Moment of inertia describes the tendency of an object to resist changes in angular momentum Y) Torque is required to tilt the axis of rotation Z) Conservation of angular momentum explains why pulsars will never stop spinning
W: W) Torque is the physical quantity describing a force causing rotation about an axis
X: X) Moment of inertia describes the tendency of an object to resist changes in angular momentum
Y: Y) Torque is required to tilt the axis of rotation
Z: Z) Conservation of angular momentum explains why pulsars will never stop spinning
Answer: Z) Z) Conservation of angular momentum explains why pulsars will never stop spinning
The Sun’s energy is generated from the fusion of what element to form what other element?
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What is the principle characteristic of rocks that originate from volcanoes? W) Light in color X) Fine-grained structure Y) Presence of shale Z) Coarse-grained structure
W: W) Light in color
X: X) Fine-grained structure
Y: Y) Presence of shale
Z: Z) Coarse-grained structure
Answer: X) X) Fine-grained structure
The Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus compose what part of the mammalian kidney?
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Which of the following proteins makes up intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton? W) Actin X) Myosin Y) Tubulin Z) Keratin
W: W) Actin
X: X) Myosin
Y: Y) Tubulin
Z: Z) Keratin
Answer: Z) Z) Keratin
Which of the following is true regarding capacity factor for an electric power producer? W) Can be any number X) Always greater than 1 Y) Always between 1 and 0 Z) Always below 0
W: W) Can be any number
X: X) Always greater than 1
Y: Y) Always between 1 and 0
Z: Z) Always below 0
Answer: Y) Y) Always between 1 and 0
Specific gravity is commonly measured in what units?
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If $\ell = 3$, what are the minimum and maximum allowed values of the magnetic quantum number $m_{\ell}$, respectively? W) 1, ∞ X) 0, 2 Y) -3, 3 Z) -½, ½
W: W) 1, ∞
X: X) 0, 2
Y: Y) -3, 3
Z: Z) -½, ½
Answer: Y) Y) -3, 3
Identify all of the following three thermodynamic state functions that would increase as a result of water boiling at 100 °C at atmospheric pressure: 1) Gibbs free energy; 2) Enthalpy; 3) Entropy.
Choices:
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An object is placed 20 cm in front of a thin convex lens of focal length 10 cm. What must be the image distance in centimeters? W) 2 X) 5 Y) 10 Z) 20
W: W) 2
X: X) 5
Y: Y) 10
Z: Z) 20
Answer: Z) Z) 20
Two people slide a 22 kg box across a frictionless floor a distance of 8 m. Person 1 applies a force of 10 N to the box, while Person 2 applies a force of 12 N to the box in the same direction as Person 1. What is the velocity of the box, in m/s, when it reaches the end of the 8 m?
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You are surfing at the beach and see a shark nearby, activating your vertebrate stress response. Levels of which of the following would decrease during this response? W) Cortisol X) Glucagon Y) Insulin Z) Epinephrine
W: W) Cortisol
X: X) Glucagon
Y: Y) Insulin
Z: Z) Epinephrine
Answer: Y) Y) Insulin
If your parietal cells were to stop functioning, which of the following would you need to stop consuming? W) Soda pop X) Steak Y) Bread Z) Salad greens
W: W) Soda pop
X: X) Steak
Y: Y) Bread
Z: Z) Salad greens
Answer: X) X) Steak
Carbon dioxide was released into the atmosphere by volcanic activity and the resulting increase in carbon dioxide levels raised world temperatures by 6 °C. The resulting phenomenon, known as The Great Dying, occurred between what two eras?
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The red shift in the spectral lines reaching us from other galaxies implies that these galaxies are which of the following? W) In rapid rotation X) Moving farther apart from one another Y) Predominantly of red giants Z) Moving closer to one another
W: W) In rapid rotation
X: X) Moving farther apart from one another
Y: Y) Predominantly of red giants
Z: Z) Moving closer to one another
Answer: X) X) Moving farther apart from one another
With respect to magnesium and oxygen, respectively, how do the radii of the constituent ions compare to the corresponding neutral atoms? W) Larger and larger X) Larger and smaller Y) Smaller and larger Z) Smaller and smaller
W: W) Larger and larger
X: X) Larger and smaller
Y: Y) Smaller and larger
Z: Z) Smaller and smaller
Answer: Y) Y) Smaller and larger
Given that the pKa of acetic acid is 4.8, find the pH to one decimal place of a solution of acetic acid that contains a 10:1 ratio of acetic acid to acetate.
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If $\tfrac{1}{x} - \tfrac{1}{y} = \tfrac{1}{z}$, what does $z$ equal in terms of $x$ and $y$?
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Find the inverse of the function $f(x) = \tfrac{2}{x - 1}$.
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Carnot efficiency is limited by what physical quantity? W) Pressure X) Entropy Y) Flow rate Z) Temperature
W: W) Pressure
X: X) Entropy
Y: Y) Flow rate
Z: Z) Temperature
Answer: Z) Z) Temperature
What type of biofuel is produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials, primarily producing methane and carbon dioxide?
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Which of the following fish groups is most likely to utilize tidal ventilation when feeding? W) Shark X) Tuna Y) Lamprey Z) Eel
W: W) Shark
X: X) Tuna
Y: Y) Lamprey
Z: Z) Eel
Answer: Y) Y) Lamprey
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the result of a recessive disease allele for a gene on the X-chromosome. Which of the following is true regarding inheritance of the disease? W) Females have twice the chance of developing it, because they have two X chromosomes X) Mothers with the disease allele can pass it with equal probability to sons or daughters Y) Inbreeding has no effect on the likelihood of inheriting this disease Z) An affected son is always produced if his father has the disease allele
W: W) Females have twice the chance of developing it, because they have two X chromosomes
X: X) Mothers with the disease allele can pass it with equal probability to sons or daughters
Y: Y) Inbreeding has no effect on the likelihood of inheriting this disease
Z: Z) An affected son is always produced if his father has the disease allele
Answer: X) X) Mothers with the disease allele can pass it with equal probability to sons or daughters
In sulfur dioxide, what is the VSEPR theory prediction for the bond angle between sulfur–oxygen bonds?
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A reaction is dependent upon the concentrations of L, M, and N. You find that doubling L quadruples the reaction rate; halving M has no effect on the reaction rate; halving N reduces the reaction rate to one-eighth of its original value. Provide the reaction orders for L, M, and N, as well as the overall order for the reaction.
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How many points of intersection do the lines $2x - 3y = 5$ and $x = 1.5y + 2$ have?
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In a class of 20 students taking an exam, 10% got 70 points, 25% got 80 points, 20% got 85 points, 15% got 90 points, and the rest got 95 points. What is the mean score? W) 80 X) 82 Y) 84 Z) 86
W: W) 80
X: X) 82
Y: Y) 84
Z: Z) 86
Answer: Z) Z) 86
A horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave is traveling in the positive x direction. When the electric field is pointing in the negative z direction, what direction is the magnetic field pointing?
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Identify all of the following three changes that would be observed if you were a stationary observer watching a spaceship pass by traveling at 99% of the speed of light: 1) The ship would appear longer 2) A clock on the ship appears to run slower than your wristwatch 3) As the ship travels away from you, it appears to be bluer
Choices:
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Present evidence suggests that, by mass, most of the matter in the universe is in the form of what material? W) Cosmic rays X) Dark matter Y) Luminous matter Z) Black holes
W: W) Cosmic rays
X: X) Dark matter
Y: Y) Luminous matter
Z: Z) Black holes
Answer: X) X) Dark matter
Indirect evidence for the existence of gravitational waves has been found by observing the orbital decay of the Hulse-Taylor binary. A pair of what object makes up the binary?
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Which of the following statements about Fischer projections is false? W) The structure may be rotated by 90 degrees or 180 degrees X) Four bonds to a chiral carbon make a cross with the carbon at the intersection of horizontal and vertical lines Y) Two horizontal bonds are directed toward the viewer Z) Two vertical bonds are directed behind the stereogenic carbon
W: W) The structure may be rotated by 90 degrees or 180 degrees
X: X) Four bonds to a chiral carbon make a cross with the carbon at the intersection of horizontal and vertical lines
Y: Y) Two horizontal bonds are directed toward the viewer
Z: Z) Two vertical bonds are directed behind the stereogenic carbon
Answer: W) W) The structure may be rotated by 90 degrees or 180 degrees
Identify, respectively, the type of strain, if any, for both the antiperiplanar and synclinal conformations of butane.
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Which of the following trace nutrients is most important for proper function of cytochrome c? W) Magnesium X) Copper Y) Iron Z) Chromium
W: W) Magnesium
X: X) Copper
Y: Y) Iron
Z: Z) Chromium
Answer: Y) Y) Iron
Which of the following mammalian groups does NOT have a placenta? W) Marsupials X) Monotremes Y) Cetacea Z) Chiroptera
W: W) Marsupials
X: X) Monotremes
Y: Y) Cetacea
Z: Z) Chiroptera
Answer: X) X) Monotremes
Assuming a calorie deficit of 500 calories per day, approximately how long would it take to burn one pound of fat? W) 1 day X) 1 week Y) 1 month Z) 1 year
W: W) 1 day
X: X) 1 week
Y: Y) 1 month
Z: Z) 1 year
Answer: X) X) 1 week
What is permeability as it applies to magnetic materials? W) Degree of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field X) Ability of a magnetic material to move gases through the material Y) Amount of magnetic field needed to be applied to saturate the material Z) Ability of a magnetic material to pass a current
W: W) Degree of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field
X: X) Ability of a magnetic material to move gases through the material
Y: Y) Amount of magnetic field needed to be applied to saturate the material
Z: Z) Ability of a magnetic material to pass a current
Answer: W) W) Degree of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field
Which of the following is primarily responsible for the production of spectral absorption lines in the Sun? W) Cool gas in the photosphere X) Cool gas in the chromosphere Y) Hot gas in the photosphere Z) Hot gas in the chromosphere
W: W) Cool gas in the photosphere
X: X) Cool gas in the chromosphere
Y: Y) Hot gas in the photosphere
Z: Z) Hot gas in the chromosphere
Answer: W) W) Cool gas in the photosphere
Southeasterly tradewinds in the Indian Ocean, near the tropical convergence zone, become which of the following type of winds due to the Coriolis Effect? W) Southwest X) Southeast Y) Northwest Z) Northeast
W: W) Southwest
X: X) Southeast
Y: Y) Northwest
Z: Z) Northeast
Answer: W) W) Southwest