HS Sample Set 8, Round 6 from NSB

Questions in Packet

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Where is the most likely place to find an animal that is an osmoconformer? W) Marine environment X) High desert Y) Fresh water lakes and streams Z) Damp tropical forest

W: W) Marine environment

X: X) High desert

Y: Y) Fresh water lakes and streams

Z: Z) Damp tropical forest

Answer: W) W) Marine environment

BONUS bio order

The large intestine is made of six parts starting with the cecum and ending with the rectum. Name the other four parts, in order from the cecum to the rectum.

Choices:

  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon

Correct Order:

  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

TOSS-UP chem phrase

What is the property that is generally said to be possessed by a substance if that substance has non-superimposable mirror images?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Chirality
  • Optical activity

BONUS chem multiple_choice

If the principal quantum number of an electron within an atom is 4, which of the following is an allowed value of the orbital angular momentum quantum number ℓ? W) –2 X) 0 Y) ½ Z) 4

W: W) –2

X: X) 0

Y: Y) ½

Z: Z) 4

Answer: X) X) 0

TOSS-UP math multiple_choice

If $$\int_{2}^{5} f(x)\,dx = 18\,$$, then what is $$\int_{2}^{5} \bigl(f(x) + 4\bigr)\,dx\,$$? W) 18 X) 22 Y) 25 Z) 30

W: W) 18

X: X) 22

Y: Y) 25

Z: Z) 30

Answer: Z) Z) 30

BONUS math phrase

A ladder is standing vertically against a wall. Suddenly, the bottom of the ladder slides 6 feet away from the wall, which causes the top of the ladder to slide 2 feet down the wall. How tall is the ladder in feet?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 10

TOSS-UP phys phrase

What is the term used to describe a process that exchanges no heat energy with its environment?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Adiabatic

BONUS phys phrase

An object undergoing constant acceleration travels 5 meters in 3 seconds. Assuming that acceleration stays constant and that the initial velocity of the object was zero, how far in meters will the object travel in a total of 12 seconds?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 80

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following rankings of U.S. states by highest frequency of earthquakes (highest to lowest) is accurate? W) Alaska, California, Nevada, Oregon X) California, Hawaii, Alaska, Nevada Y) Hawaii, Alaska, California, Oregon Z) Nevada, Alaska, Hawaii, California

W: W) Alaska, California, Nevada, Oregon

X: X) California, Hawaii, Alaska, Nevada

Y: Y) Hawaii, Alaska, California, Oregon

Z: Z) Nevada, Alaska, Hawaii, California

Answer: W) W) Alaska, California, Nevada, Oregon

BONUS ess phrase

According to Birkhoff’s theorem, what is the only static, spherically symmetric solution to the Einstein field equations?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Schwarzschild black hole
  • Schwarzschild metric
  • Schwarzschild solution

TOSS-UP chem multiselect

Identify all of the following three compounds that are network solids at room temperature: 1) Sodium chloride; 2) Carbon dioxide; 3) Silicon dioxide.

Choices:

  • Sodium chloride
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Silicon dioxide

Correct Answers:

  • 3

BONUS chem multiple_choice

Which of the following is one of the factors that determine the bonding between atoms in a solid? W) Atomic radius of the atoms X) Environmental conditions Y) Atomic mass of the atoms Z) Magnitude of the electronegativities of the atoms

W: W) Atomic radius of the atoms

X: X) Environmental conditions

Y: Y) Atomic mass of the atoms

Z: Z) Magnitude of the electronegativities of the atoms

Answer: Z) Z) Magnitude of the electronegativities of the atoms

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

If you were a farmer that wanted to promote the ripening of your fruit crop, which of the following hormones would be best to use? W) Auxins X) Cytokinins Y) Gibberellins Z) Ethylene

W: W) Auxins

X: X) Cytokinins

Y: Y) Gibberellins

Z: Z) Ethylene

Answer: Z) Z) Ethylene

BONUS bio multiple_choice

In horses, the genotype little-B little-B causes early embryonic lethality. The A locus behaves as a classic Mendelian gene. If two horses with identical genotypes AaBb mate, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring? W) 9:3:3:1 X) 3:1:1 Y) 9:3:1 Z) 3:1

W: W) 9:3:3:1

X: X) 3:1:1

Y: Y) 9:3:1

Z: Z) 3:1

Answer: Z) Z) 3:1

TOSS-UP energy phrase

Lighting products often come with a rating that reflects the temperature of an ideal black body if it were to emit the same hue as that of the lighting product. What is this rating known as?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Color temperature

BONUS energy multiple_choice

Which of the following countries has the highest percentage of its electricity produced by nuclear power? W) Japan X) France Y) United States Z) Russia

W: W) Japan

X: X) France

Y: Y) United States

Z: Z) Russia

Answer: X) X) France

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following changes has the potential to reduce the damage expected to be done by a hurricane with a particular Saffir-Simpson rating? W) Increased formal and informal education for the public about hurricane safety X) Reduction in the amount of paved surfaces Y) Construction of seawalls around coastal cities Z) More rigorous building codes for robust construction of frame houses in coastal regions

W: W) Increased formal and informal education for the public about hurricane safety

X: X) Reduction in the amount of paved surfaces

Y: Y) Construction of seawalls around coastal cities

Z: Z) More rigorous building codes for robust construction of frame houses in coastal regions

Answer: Z) Z) More rigorous building codes for robust construction of frame houses in coastal regions

BONUS ess phrase

At what distance, in parsecs, does the absolute magnitude of a star equal its apparent magnitude?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 10

TOSS-UP math multiple_choice

Which of the following is true for a nonzero matrix in reduced row echelon form? W) All elements are zero X) The first non-zero element is equal to –1 Y) There are no leading 0’s Z) There is a leading 1

W: W) All elements are zero

X: X) The first non-zero element is equal to –1

Y: Y) There are no leading 0’s

Z: Z) There is a leading 1

Answer: Z) Z) There is a leading 1

BONUS math phrase

If the line tangent to the graph of the function f(x) at the point (1, 3) passes through the point (–2, –6), then what is the value of the derivative of f when x = 1?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Relating to photosynthesis, which of the following is not a direct product of the light reactions? W) NADPH X) O₂ Y) Rubisco Z) ATP

W: W) NADPH

X: X) O₂

Y: Y) Rubisco

Z: Z) ATP

Answer: Y) Y) Rubisco

BONUS bio phrase

What is the maximum number of ATP molecules synthesized by NADH and FADH₂, respectively, in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 3 and 2

TOSS-UP chem phrase

According to VSEPR theory, what is the electron-pair geometry for a compound with a molecular geometry that is square planar?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Octahedral

BONUS chem multiple_choice

Which of the following types of photons would be absorbed by an electron transitioning from the n=2 level to the n=3 level in a hydrogen atom? W) Infrared X) Visible Y) Ultraviolet Z) X-ray

W: W) Infrared

X: X) Visible

Y: Y) Ultraviolet

Z: Z) X-ray

Answer: X) X) Visible

TOSS-UP phys phrase

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that the product of the uncertainty of position and the uncertainty of momentum must be greater than the reduced form of what constant?

Acceptable Answers:

  • Planck constant

BONUS phys phrase

A spring with spring constant k = 200 N/m with a 0.5 kg mass attached is released from rest at x = 0.02 m. What is the magnitude of the maximum velocity attained by the mass, in m/s?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 0.4
  • 2/5

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which of the following is NOT a notable characteristic of North Atlantic Deep Water? W) Vertical temperature minimum X) Two vertical oxygen maxima Y) Vertical salinity maximum Z) Vertical nutrient minimum

W: W) Vertical temperature minimum

X: X) Two vertical oxygen maxima

Y: Y) Vertical salinity maximum

Z: Z) Vertical nutrient minimum

Answer: W) W) Vertical temperature minimum

BONUS ess multiple_choice

Which of the following geologic conditions is an environment for clay formation? W) Shearing fault X) Volcanic deposits Y) Folded orogenies Z) Blueschist metamorphism

W: W) Shearing fault

X: X) Volcanic deposits

Y: Y) Folded orogenies

Z: Z) Blueschist metamorphism

Answer: X) X) Volcanic deposits

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

In the case of disruptive selection on tail length in monkeys, which of the following would you expect? W) Most monkeys have medium tails X) Few monkeys have medium tails Y) Most monkeys have long tails Z) Few monkeys have long tails

W: W) Most monkeys have medium tails

X: X) Few monkeys have medium tails

Y: Y) Most monkeys have long tails

Z: Z) Few monkeys have long tails

Answer: X) X) Few monkeys have medium tails

BONUS bio multiple_choice

Which of the following glia are normally only found in the peripheral nervous system? W) Oligodendrocytes X) Ependymal cells Y) Schwann cells Z) Astrocytes

W: W) Oligodendrocytes

X: X) Ependymal cells

Y: Y) Schwann cells

Z: Z) Astrocytes

Answer: Y) Y) Schwann cells

TOSS-UP math multiple_choice

Which of the following points lies inside the circle defined by the equation $$x^2 + y^2 = 25$$? W) (3, 4) X) (4, –3) Y) (4, 2√2) Z) (4, 3√2)

W: W) (3, 4)

X: X) (4, –3)

Y: Y) (4, 2√2)

Z: Z) (4, 3√2)

Answer: Y) Y) (4, 2√2)

BONUS math phrase

If one side of a right triangle is 14 inches and the opposite angle is 30°, what is the diameter of the circle circumscribed around this triangle?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 28

TOSS-UP energy multiple_choice

Natural gas systems are the greatest source of U.S. anthropogenic methane emissions. What metabolic process, occurring in the rumens of domesticated animals, results in the second-greatest source of methane emissions? W) Photosynthesis X) Lactation Y) Fermentation Z) The Krebs cycle

W: W) Photosynthesis

X: X) Lactation

Y: Y) Fermentation

Z: Z) The Krebs cycle

Answer: Y) Y) Fermentation

BONUS energy phrase

Which U.S. government body regulates nuclear power production in this country?

Acceptable Answers:

  • U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
  • Nuclear Regulatory Commission
  • NRC

TOSS-UP chem phrase

While iodine can be used to test for starch, it is not iodine that is responsible for the resultant color observed. State the ion that is responsible for the observed color.

Acceptable Answers:

  • Triiodide

BONUS chem multiple_choice

The Monsanto process is the major industrial technique used to produce what molecule? W) Sulfuric acid X) Hydrochloric acid Y) Acetic acid Z) Nitric acid

W: W) Sulfuric acid

X: X) Hydrochloric acid

Y: Y) Acetic acid

Z: Z) Nitric acid

Answer: Y) Y) Acetic acid

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

All of the following are major metabolic consequences of obesity except: W) Decreased lipid storage in the liver X) Increased insulin resistance Y) Reduction in HDL lipoprotein production Z) High blood glucose levels

W: W) Decreased lipid storage in the liver

X: X) Increased insulin resistance

Y: Y) Reduction in HDL lipoprotein production

Z: Z) High blood glucose levels

Answer: W) W) Decreased lipid storage in the liver

BONUS bio multiple_choice

An inability of body cells to receive adequate amounts of oxygen may indicate a malfunction of: W) Neutrophils X) Erythrocytes Y) Lymphocytes Z) Leukocytes

W: W) Neutrophils

X: X) Erythrocytes

Y: Y) Lymphocytes

Z: Z) Leukocytes

Answer: X) X) Erythrocytes

TOSS-UP phys phrase

The wheels of a rollercoaster car are attached to the track so that they cannot lose contact. The car approaches a loop with a radius of 20 meters. What is the minimum speed, to the nearest meter per second, required for the car to make it all the way around the loop?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 28

BONUS phys multiple_choice

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding entropy? W) Statistically, entropy is always increasing in the universe X) Entropy is a function of state and obeys Hess’s Law Y) Isolated systems evolve towards states of maximum entropy Z) Entropy can only be defined macroscopically

W: W) Statistically, entropy is always increasing in the universe

X: X) Entropy is a function of state and obeys Hess’s Law

Y: Y) Isolated systems evolve towards states of maximum entropy

Z: Z) Entropy can only be defined macroscopically

Answer: Z) Z) Entropy can only be defined macroscopically

TOSS-UP energy multiple_choice

The Clean Air Act Amendments established rules on a variety of pollutants. Since 1990, by what approximate amount have ambient sulfate concentrations decreased in most regions of the U.S.? W) 10% X) 25% Y) 50% Z) 90%

W: W) 10%

X: X) 25%

Y: Y) 50%

Z: Z) 90%

Answer: Y) Y) 50%

BONUS energy phrase

Consider 1.0 moles of an ideal gas undergoing isobaric expansion from 273 to 373 Kelvin. Assuming that the ideal gas constant is 8.314 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹, how much work, in joules to the nearest tenth, is done by the gas?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 831.4

TOSS-UP math phrase

For x ≤ 0, for what values of x does the inequality x + 1 < x² + 1 not hold?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 0

BONUS math phrase

Consider a single‐elimination basketball tournament in which 100 teams enter. In the first round, 28 teams are given a bye and the remaining teams are paired off to play. After each round, the remaining teams are paired off in the next round. How many matches are played in the first 3 rounds?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 84

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following is NOT one of the central tenets of Valence Bond Theory? W) Whenever possible, a bond involving p or d electrons will orient in the direction that minimizes overlap X) The extent of the overlap depends on the shapes and directions of the orbitals Y) The p and d orbitals have more electron density in one direction than in the other Z) All orbitals of the same type have the same energy

W: W) Whenever possible, a bond involving p or d electrons will orient in the direction that minimizes overlap

X: X) The extent of the overlap depends on the shapes and directions of the orbitals

Y: Y) The p and d orbitals have more electron density in one direction than in the other

Z: Z) All orbitals of the same type have the same energy

Answer: W) W) Whenever possible, a bond involving p or d electrons will orient in the direction that minimizes overlap

BONUS chem phrase

If 35 liters of neon gas at 77 °C are cooled at constant pressure, the volume drops to 10 liters. What is the final temperature of the gas, in degrees Celsius?

Acceptable Answers:

  • –173 °C