HS Sample Set 7, Round 2 from NSB
If the viscous force acting on an object moving through a liquid or gas is modeled as F = –bv, where F is the resistive force, v is the velocity, and b is a constant, which of the following types of equation will need to be solved in order to determine the acceleration as a function of time? W) Transcendental X) Differential Y) Hyperbolic Z) Logarithmic
W: W) Transcendental
X: X) Differential
Y: Y) Hyperbolic
Z: Z) Logarithmic
Answer: X) X) Differential
Two objects of masses m₁ and m₂ with speeds v₁ and v₂, where v₂ = 0, suffer collision, stick together, and move off with speed V. Which of the following equals the ratio v₁/V? W) 1 + m₂/m₁ X) 1 + m₁/m₂ Y) 1 – m₂/m₁ Z) 1 – m₁/m₂
W: W) 1 + m₂/m₁
X: X) 1 + m₁/m₂
Y: Y) 1 – m₂/m₁
Z: Z) 1 – m₁/m₂
Answer: W) W) 1 + m₂/m₁
Line losses vary linearly with what physical characteristic of power lines?
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Arrange the following four sectors based on the number of tons of greenhouse gases released from smallest to largest: 1) Agriculture; 2) Residential; 3) Commercial; 4) Transportation.
Choices:
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Which of the following functional group pairs corresponds to those constituting a hemiaminal? W) Thiol and nitrile X) Halogen and alkyl Y) Amine and hydroxyl Z) Azide and alkoxy
W: W) Thiol and nitrile
X: X) Halogen and alkyl
Y: Y) Amine and hydroxyl
Z: Z) Azide and alkoxy
Answer: Y) Y) Amine and hydroxyl
Providing your answer as a decimal to the nearest hundredth, what is the reduced mass of an oscillator made up of a hydrogen and a fluorine atom?
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What gene, sometimes called the guardian of the genome, has a central role in cell cycle checkpoints and is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers?
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Amino acids are joined to one another in linear polymers that fold to form proteins. What is the name of the chemical bond that joins the amino terminus of one amino acid to the carboxyl terminus of the next amino acid in the sequence?
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What is the derivative with respect to x of x e²?
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Solve for x: 2^(x+1) = 4^(x+3).
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Moving away from the ridges, oceanic crust becomes which of the following? W) Hotter and younger X) Hotter and older Y) Cooler and older Z) Cooler and younger
W: W) Hotter and younger
X: X) Hotter and older
Y: Y) Cooler and older
Z: Z) Cooler and younger
Answer: Y) Y) Cooler and older
What is the name for the great circle that passes through the northernmost point on the horizon and the zenith?
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You are at a party where the sound level is 70 decibels. Someone turns up the radio and the sound level suddenly increases to 100 decibels. By what factor has the sound intensity been multiplied? W) 30 X) 100 Y) 1000 Z) 10 000
W: W) 30
X: X) 100
Y: Y) 1000
Z: Z) 10 000
Answer: Y) Y) 1000
After running for 20 minutes, a person’s diastolic blood pressure is 100 mm Hg. Providing your answer to two significant figures, what is the equivalent height in centimeters of a column of water, assuming the mass density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm³ and the mass density of water is 1.0 g/cm³?
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Which of the following is NOT true when writing electron configurations? W) Atomic orbitals can accommodate two electrons X) Electrons pair in degenerate orbitals when possible Y) Electrons will populate orbitals to maximize spin Z) Noble gas cores are often used to truncate longer configurations
W: W) Atomic orbitals can accommodate two electrons
X: X) Electrons pair in degenerate orbitals when possible
Y: Y) Electrons will populate orbitals to maximize spin
Z: Z) Noble gas cores are often used to truncate longer configurations
Answer: X) X) Electrons pair in degenerate orbitals when possible
Which quantum number is allowed values ranging from 0 to n – 1 and is associated with atomic orbital shape?
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In eukaryotes, the spliceosome is an RNA-protein complex important for RNA processing. What does this complex remove?
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In the standard genetic code, how many of the 64 codons signal for stop of translation?
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If the line y = 2 is reflected over the y-axis, what is the equation of the image? W) x = –2 X) y = –2 Y) x = 2 Z) y = 2
W: W) x = –2
X: X) y = –2
Y: Y) x = 2
Z: Z) y = 2
Answer: Z) Z) y = 2
What is ∫_{–2}^{2} |x| dx?
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What is the term for the wind-driven transport process that causes sand particles to skip or bounce for short distances?
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What is the second hottest spectral class?
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What is the main difference between transverse and longitudinal waves? W) Wavelength X) Frequency Y) Direction of the medium displacement with respect to the direction of wave propagation Z) Phase difference
W: W) Wavelength
X: X) Frequency
Y: Y) Direction of the medium displacement with respect to the direction of wave propagation
Z: Z) Phase difference
Answer: Y) Y) Direction of the medium displacement with respect to the direction of wave propagation
What is the wavelength in nanometers of a photon of period 3.33×10^–18 seconds? W) 1 X) 3 Y) 6 Z) 9
W: W) 1
X: X) 3
Y: Y) 6
Z: Z) 9
Answer: W) W) 1
Which of the following equations best represents the conservation of energy in fluid systems? W) Laplace X) Bernoulli Y) Navier–Stokes Z) Euler
W: W) Laplace
X: X) Bernoulli
Y: Y) Navier–Stokes
Z: Z) Euler
Answer: X) X) Bernoulli
How many BTUs are required to raise 5 pounds of water from 40 °F to 120 °F with a stove that is 80% efficient? W) 320 X) 400 Y) 450 Z) 500
W: W) 320
X: X) 400
Y: Y) 450
Z: Z) 500
Answer: Z) Z) 500
When a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids, water is removed as a byproduct. Which group contributes the OH to form water, and which group contributes the hydrogen?
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In the Haber reaction, where diatomic hydrogen and diatomic nitrogen react to form ammonia, how many moles of ammonia could be formed if one starts with 0.75 moles of hydrogen?
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What is the only infectious human disease to be declared completely eradicated from nature?
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Which of the following cellular phenomena uses double-stranded RNA with the same or similar sequence to a gene to target that gene for inhibition of transcription and translation? W) RNA interference X) Transposition Y) RNA editing Z) Alternative splicing
W: W) RNA interference
X: X) Transposition
Y: Y) RNA editing
Z: Z) Alternative splicing
Answer: W) W) RNA interference
What are the coordinates of the point where the graph of x²y + 3x – 4y – 24 = 0 crosses the x-axis?
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Which of the following represents a simplification of (A^{1/2} + A^{1/2})²? W) A² X) 4A Y) 2A Z) √A
W: W) A²
X: X) 4A
Y: Y) 2A
Z: Z) √A
Answer: X) X) 4A
Based on current scientific data, the most widely accepted cause of past ice ages is which of the following? W) Volcanic aerosols in the atmosphere from major eruptions X) Increased absorption of carbon dioxide by the oceans and land masses Y) A decrease in solar intensity such as during the Maunder Minimum Z) Milankovitch cycles
W: W) Volcanic aerosols in the atmosphere from major eruptions
X: X) Increased absorption of carbon dioxide by the oceans and land masses
Y: Y) A decrease in solar intensity such as during the Maunder Minimum
Z: Z) Milankovitch cycles
Answer: Z) Z) Milankovitch cycles
Some quasars exhibit multiple images. What phenomenon explains this observation? W) Structure doubling X) Faraday rotation Y) Wormholes Z) Gravitational lensing
W: W) Structure doubling
X: X) Faraday rotation
Y: Y) Wormholes
Z: Z) Gravitational lensing
Answer: Z) Z) Gravitational lensing
G-protein coupled receptors regulate various cell signaling events in a cell. How many transmembrane segments are typically found in these receptors? W) 5 X) 6 Y) 7 Z) 9
W: W) 5
X: X) 6
Y: Y) 7
Z: Z) 9
Answer: Y) Y) 7
An ecologist uses seven foot tall mist nets to capture birds. In which of these habitats would the number of captures most likely underestimate the actual number of birds present? W) Tundra X) Temperate grassland Y) Chaparral Z) Temperate forest
W: W) Tundra
X: X) Temperate grassland
Y: Y) Chaparral
Z: Z) Temperate forest
Answer: Z) Z) Temperate forest
The number of lines per centimeter in a transmission grating is 10,000. What is the distance in meters between the lines of the grating? W) 10⁻³ X) 10⁻⁴ Y) 10⁻⁵ Z) 10⁻⁶
W: W) 10⁻³
X: X) 10⁻⁴
Y: Y) 10⁻⁵
Z: Z) 10⁻⁶
Answer: Z) Z) 10⁻⁶
A proton is travelling with a speed of 300,000 m/s to the east in a region where there is a magnetic field of 4 T pointing to the north. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field in N/C that must be present if the proton is to move through this region undeflected?
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In CFL light bulbs, what is the name for the process where electricity excites mercury vapor and light is released?
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When photons strike a photovoltaic cell, which of the following must occur to generate electricity? W) Absorption X) Reflection Y) Refraction Z) Resection
W: W) Absorption
X: X) Reflection
Y: Y) Refraction
Z: Z) Resection
Answer: W) W) Absorption
With regard to crystalline solids, which of the following most aptly describes a covalent network? W) Low melting point, soft, excellent thermal conductor X) Low to high melting point, hard, moderate electrical conductor Y) High melting point, soft, poor electrical conductor Z) High melting point, hard, poor thermal conductor
W: W) Low melting point, soft, excellent thermal conductor
X: X) Low to high melting point, hard, moderate electrical conductor
Y: Y) High melting point, soft, poor electrical conductor
Z: Z) High melting point, hard, poor thermal conductor
Answer: Z) Z) High melting point, hard, poor thermal conductor
Identify, respectively, the isotopes created by the emission of one beta minus particle from the following three isotopes: 1) cesium-137; 2) phosphorus-32; 3) carbon-14.
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Which of the following bacterial gene transfer mechanisms requires the involvement of a bacteriophage? W) Conjugation X) Transduction Y) Horizontal gene transfer Z) Bacterial transformation
W: W) Conjugation
X: X) Transduction
Y: Y) Horizontal gene transfer
Z: Z) Bacterial transformation
Answer: X) X) Transduction
Plasmids are autonomously replicating circles of DNA containing one or a few genes. How many plasmids may a single bacterium carry? W) 0 X) 1 Y) 2 Z) No fixed limit
W: W) 0
X: X) 1
Y: Y) 2
Z: Z) No fixed limit
Answer: Z) Z) No fixed limit
Find the magnitude of the vector 5i – 12j.
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Find the nonzero value of k that will result in exactly one real solution to the equation kx² + 7x – 5 = 0.
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Which of the following is NOT a feature produced by wave erosion? W) Sea cave X) Sea stack Y) Sea arch Z) Shoal
W: W) Sea cave
X: X) Sea stack
Y: Y) Sea arch
Z: Z) Shoal
Answer: Z) Z) Shoal
While most scientists believe global warming will cause soils of northern latitudes to emit more carbon dioxide, one recent study predicted they would sequester more carbon in the future. Which of the following mechanisms could explain this? W) Warmer temperatures accelerate soil respiration X) Warmer temperatures promote vegetation growth, which fixes more carbon Y) Warmer temperatures dry out soils Z) Warmer temperatures cause vegetation to grow and die faster, which puts more carbon into the soil and accelerates soil respiration
W: W) Warmer temperatures accelerate soil respiration
X: X) Warmer temperatures promote vegetation growth, which fixes more carbon
Y: Y) Warmer temperatures dry out soils
Z: Z) Warmer temperatures cause vegetation to grow and die faster, which puts more carbon into the soil and accelerates soil respiration
Answer: X) X) Warmer temperatures promote vegetation growth, which fixes more carbon
A top is spinning at a rate of 2π radians per second when it slows uniformly to a stop in 15 seconds. Through how many revolutions did the top turn before stopping? W) 7.5 X) 7.5π Y) 15 Z) 15π
W: W) 7.5
X: X) 7.5π
Y: Y) 15
Z: Z) 15π
Answer: W) W) 7.5
A 100 µF parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates is connected to a 1.5 V battery and becomes fully charged. The battery is disconnected from the capacitor and a dielectric with a dielectric constant of 7 is inserted between the plates. What is the charge in microcoulombs on one plate of the capacitor after the dielectric is inserted?
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