MS Sample Set 8, Round 16 from NSB
In an RNA molecule, a codon is AUG. What is the 5’ to 3’ sequence of the anticodon for the tRNA?
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Which of the following could be viewed with an electron microscope but not with a light microscope? W) Ribosomes X) Plant cells Y) Animal cells Z) Mitochondria
W: W) Ribosomes
X: X) Plant cells
Y: Y) Animal cells
Z: Z) Mitochondria
Answer: W) W) Ribosomes
In base-3, what is the product of 100 and 110?
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In a right triangle with legs of length 8 and 15, expressing your answer in simplest form, what is the length of the altitude to the hypotenuse?
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A chisel would represent what type of simple machine? W) Pulley X) Wedge Y) Lever Z) Screw
W: W) Pulley
X: X) Wedge
Y: Y) Lever
Z: Z) Screw
Answer: X) X) Wedge
Which of the following best demonstrates the mass continuity of fluid flow? W) Water flows fastest through the narrowest piece of a long pipe X) Water flows slower after having moved further from Earth’s center Y) Pressure is lower in water moving at high speed Z) A small force can be used on a small tube to lift a large object sitting on a large tube
W: W) Water flows fastest through the narrowest piece of a long pipe
X: X) Water flows slower after having moved further from Earth’s center
Y: Y) Pressure is lower in water moving at high speed
Z: Z) A small force can be used on a small tube to lift a large object sitting on a large tube
Answer: W) W) Water flows fastest through the narrowest piece of a long pipe
Which of the following characteristics will a lake that has undergone eutrophication exhibit? W) The lake will be clear and cold X) The lake will be high in nutrients Y) The lake will support large numbers of fish Z) The lake will have low primary productivity
W: W) The lake will be clear and cold
X: X) The lake will be high in nutrients
Y: Y) The lake will support large numbers of fish
Z: Z) The lake will have low primary productivity
Answer: X) X) The lake will be high in nutrients
Which of the following animal products has NOT been correctly paired with the animal that produces it? W) Ambergris, sperm whale X) Lanolin, goat Y) Carticin, sharks Z) Leaf lard, pig
W: W) Ambergris, sperm whale
X: X) Lanolin, goat
Y: Y) Carticin, sharks
Z: Z) Leaf lard, pig
Answer: X) X) Lanolin, goat
What type of galaxy usually occupies the central regions of a galaxy cluster? W) Peculiar X) Elliptical Y) Lenticular Z) Spiral
W: W) Peculiar
X: X) Elliptical
Y: Y) Lenticular
Z: Z) Spiral
Answer: X) X) Elliptical
Which atmospheric element is converted into a bioavailable form through the Haber-Bosch process?
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Which of the following distinguishes different isotopes of an element? W) Chemical reactivity X) Number of electrons Y) Number of protons Z) Their mass
W: W) Chemical reactivity
X: X) Number of electrons
Y: Y) Number of protons
Z: Z) Their mass
Answer: Z) Z) Their mass
List the following four geologic time scale divisions in order from largest to smallest: 1) periods; 2) eras; 3) epochs; 4) eons.
Choices:
Correct Order:
Which of the following theorems does NOT allow one to conclude directly that two triangles are congruent? W) Side-side-angle X) Side-angle-side Y) Hypotenuse-leg Z) Side-side-side
W: W) Side-side-angle
X: X) Side-angle-side
Y: Y) Hypotenuse-leg
Z: Z) Side-side-side
Answer: W) W) Side-side-angle
The diameter of a circle is increased by 50%. By what percentage is the area of the circle increased?
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What fuel is used in a nuclear reactor? W) Polonium-275 X) Radium-226 Y) Uranium-235 Z) Curium-258
W: W) Polonium-275
X: X) Radium-226
Y: Y) Uranium-235
Z: Z) Curium-258
Answer: Y) Y) Uranium-235
How can CO₂ captured via carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) also be used to increase energy output in the U.S.? W) Increased output at oil fields X) Increased output at geothermal sources Y) Increased output at hydroelectric dams Z) Increased output at wind farms
W: W) Increased output at oil fields
X: X) Increased output at geothermal sources
Y: Y) Increased output at hydroelectric dams
Z: Z) Increased output at wind farms
Answer: W) W) Increased output at oil fields
Which of the following metals is the most reactive with water? W) Ca X) Fe Y) K Z) Mg
W: W) Ca
X: X) Fe
Y: Y) K
Z: Z) Mg
Answer: Y) Y) K
Providing your answer to the nearest hundred, what is the half-life in years of carbon-14?
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Which of the following statements does NOT support the cell theory? W) All organisms are composed of cells X) Cells are alive Y) Cells arise de novo (from nothing) Z) Cells are the fundamental units of living organisms
W: W) All organisms are composed of cells
X: X) Cells are alive
Y: Y) Cells arise de novo (from nothing)
Z: Z) Cells are the fundamental units of living organisms
Answer: Y) Y) Cells arise de novo (from nothing)
Which of the following are the result of the 5’ to 3’ directionality of DNA polymerase? W) Semi-conservative DNA replication X) Okazaki fragments Y) Thymine dimers Z) Degradation of the 3’ to 5’ strand of parental DNA
W: W) Semi-conservative DNA replication
X: X) Okazaki fragments
Y: Y) Thymine dimers
Z: Z) Degradation of the 3’ to 5’ strand of parental DNA
Answer: X) X) Okazaki fragments
To the nearest Kelvin, what is the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background?
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Which of the following would be affected the least by the Coriolis effect? W) Direction for a wind blowing from the north X) A hurricane Y) A tornado Z) A high pressure system
W: W) Direction for a wind blowing from the north
X: X) A hurricane
Y: Y) A tornado
Z: Z) A high pressure system
Answer: Y) Y) A tornado
What structure of the brain, referred to as “little brain,” is responsible for maintaining balance and posture as well as coordination of voluntary movements?
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Which of the following organelles is found in motile cells of higher order animals, but NOT in flowering plant cells? W) Cytoplasm X) Cell wall Y) Centrioles Z) Centrosome
W: W) Cytoplasm
X: X) Cell wall
Y: Y) Centrioles
Z: Z) Centrosome
Answer: Y) Y) Centrioles
The secant of 70° is equivalent to which of the following expressions? W) 1/cos(70°) X) 1/sin(70°) Y) sin(70°)/cos(70°) Z) cos(70°)/sin(70°)
W: W) 1/cos(70°)
X: X) 1/sin(70°)
Y: Y) sin(70°)/cos(70°)
Z: Z) cos(70°)/sin(70°)
Answer: W) W) 1/cos(70°)
2^30 is nearest which of the following powers of 10? W) 10^8 X) 10^9 Y) 10^11 Z) 10^12
W: W) 10^8
X: X) 10^9
Y: Y) 10^11
Z: Z) 10^12
Answer: X) X) 10^9
The source of the tremendous energy and rapid rotations of stars detected at the center of the Milky Way is attributed to which of the following? W) Supernova explosions X) Dark matter Y) Neutron star Z) Supermassive black hole
W: W) Supernova explosions
X: X) Dark matter
Y: Y) Neutron star
Z: Z) Supermassive black hole
Answer: Z) Z) Supermassive black hole
One common way to express the distance from the Earth to the Sun is in light-minutes, about 8.5 light-minutes. If the Sun were to go out in an instant, how long, in seconds, would it take people on Earth to notice?
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What is the first amino acid encoded by all eukaryotic mRNAs?
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Which of the following is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication? W) Joining the 3’ end of the DNA that replaces the primer to the rest of the sequence X) Unwinding the parental DNA strand Y) Relieving strain caused by over-winding the DNA strand Z) Synthesis of an RNA primer
W: W) Joining the 3’ end of the DNA that replaces the primer to the rest of the sequence
X: X) Unwinding the parental DNA strand
Y: Y) Relieving strain caused by over-winding the DNA strand
Z: Z) Synthesis of an RNA primer
Answer: W) W) Joining the 3’ end of the DNA that replaces the primer to the rest of the sequence
What is the term that refers to waves at high tide during a spring tide?
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What is the term for the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure?
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What will raising water temperature (under pressure) from 100 °C to 110 °C do to the cooking time of a potato? W) Decrease it by 10% X) Decrease it by 50% Y) Increase it by 50% Z) No change
W: W) Decrease it by 10%
X: X) Decrease it by 50%
Y: Y) Increase it by 50%
Z: Z) No change
Answer: X) X) Decrease it by 50%
At what specific angle of incidence should the irradiance hit a solar panel in order to produce maximum power? W) 0 degrees X) 15 degrees Y) 45 degrees Z) 90 degrees
W: W) 0 degrees
X: X) 15 degrees
Y: Y) 45 degrees
Z: Z) 90 degrees
Answer: W) W) 0 degrees
Which of the following is NOT a way in which bacteria can obtain foreign DNA? W) Transduction X) Conjugation Y) Transformation Z) Transcription
W: W) Transduction
X: X) Conjugation
Y: Y) Transformation
Z: Z) Transcription
Answer: Z) Z) Transcription
What is the term for a volcano that has NOT erupted for tens of thousands of years and is not expected to erupt again?
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Given that a particular right triangle contains one 45° angle and one side of length 6, what are all possible lengths of one of the other two sides?
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On the domain 5 ≤ x ≤ 12, what is the maximum y-value of the parabola with equation $$y = 17 - (x + 7)^2$$?
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While on the side of the road, a student is approached and passed by an emergency vehicle with its siren blaring. While the vehicle is approaching the student, the pitch that the student hears is higher than when the vehicle is receding away after passing him. What is the name of the effect which is responsible for this difference in pitch?
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Which of the following best explains why diamond is much harder than graphite even though both are made of arranged carbon atoms? W) Graphite is arranged in sheets, whereas diamond’s layers are intertwined in a crystalline structure, making it stronger X) Graphite is opaque and grey while diamond has a greater clarity and sheen to it Y) Diamond is arranged in sheets, whereas graphite’s layers are intertwined in a crystalline structure, making them weaker Z) The density of graphite is greater than that of diamond, meaning the carbon atoms are more likely to leave the structure
W: W) Graphite is arranged in sheets, whereas diamond’s layers are intertwined in a crystalline structure, making it stronger
X: X) Graphite is opaque and grey while diamond has a greater clarity and sheen to it
Y: Y) Diamond is arranged in sheets, whereas graphite’s layers are intertwined in a crystalline structure, making them weaker
Z: Z) The density of graphite is greater than that of diamond, meaning the carbon atoms are more likely to leave the structure
Answer: W) W) Graphite is arranged in sheets, whereas diamond’s layers are intertwined in a crystalline structure, making it stronger
In ecology, GPP is the amount of light energy that is converted to chemical energy via photosynthesis per unit of time. In this case, for what is GPP an abbreviation?
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DO NOT ACCEPT:
Which of the following is one of the main disadvantages of molten carbonate fuel cells, when compared to solid oxide fuel cells? W) Sensitivity to carbon dioxide X) Risk of corrosion at high temperatures Y) They require an external reformer to convert more energy-dense fuels to hydrogen Z) Sensitivity to fuel impurities
W: W) Sensitivity to carbon dioxide
X: X) Risk of corrosion at high temperatures
Y: Y) They require an external reformer to convert more energy-dense fuels to hydrogen
Z: Z) Sensitivity to fuel impurities
Answer: X) X) Risk of corrosion at high temperatures
The ocean’s distinct smell comes from dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is released upon the death of what ocean organism? W) Worms X) Nudibranchs Y) Phytoplankton Z) Shrimp
W: W) Worms
X: X) Nudibranchs
Y: Y) Phytoplankton
Z: Z) Shrimp
Answer: Y) Y) Phytoplankton
Which organ in the human body is sometimes referred to as the “graveyard” for red blood cells?
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What is the term used to describe the period when Jupiter is directly opposite the Sun as viewed from Earth?
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The presence of oxygen in our atmosphere makes it which of the following? W) A low pressure gradient atmosphere X) An oxidizing atmosphere Y) A high pressure gradient atmosphere Z) A reducing atmosphere
W: W) A low pressure gradient atmosphere
X: X) An oxidizing atmosphere
Y: Y) A high pressure gradient atmosphere
Z: Z) A reducing atmosphere
Answer: X) X) An oxidizing atmosphere