HS Sample Set 7, Round 7 from NSB
Schrödinger’s equation is a fundamental part of what scientific theory?
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A rocket sled can accelerate to 40 meters per second in 0.05 seconds. What force, in newtons, would a 100 kilogram test dummy on the rocket sled experience from this motion?
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Line losses occur when electricity is transported long distances over transmission lines. Which of the following units is an appropriate measure for line losses? W) Kilovolts per kilometer X) Megawatts per mile Y) Megaamperes per kilometer Z) Volts-ampere
W: W) Kilovolts per kilometer
X: X) Megawatts per mile
Y: Y) Megaamperes per kilometer
Z: Z) Volts-ampere
Answer: X) X) Megawatts per mile
Rare earth magnets are often used in the production of electrical energy. What percentage of world production of the rare earth materials used to produce these magnets was mined in the United States in 2011? W) 0% X) 5% Y) 7% Z) 12%
W: W) 0%
X: X) 5%
Y: Y) 7%
Z: Z) 12%
Answer: W) W) 0%
Dr. Ecniecs, who loves riddles, gave the following riddle about the periodic table: Element A is left-right adjacent to element B. Element A never shares what it holds. Element B is always taking from other elements. Both elements are a clear gas. Both elements are nonmetals. Combined, they have a mass less than that of gallium. What are the identities of elements A and B?
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Amides are formed through a reversible reaction that causes loss of water. This reaction occurs between an amine and what other type of molecule?
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Which of the following is typically derived from ectoderm? W) Areolar connective tissue X) Nervous tissue Y) Blood Z) Simple squamous epithelium
W: W) Areolar connective tissue
X: X) Nervous tissue
Y: Y) Blood
Z: Z) Simple squamous epithelium
Answer: X) X) Nervous tissue
In the human body, copper plays a role in which of the following processes? W) Muscle contraction X) pH balance Y) Protein synthesis Z) Hemoglobin synthesis
W: W) Muscle contraction
X: X) pH balance
Y: Y) Protein synthesis
Z: Z) Hemoglobin synthesis
Answer: Z) Z) Hemoglobin synthesis
Given that $t \neq 0$, find $f\bigl(\tfrac{1}{t}\bigr)$ if $f(t) = \tfrac{1}{t}$.
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What are the coordinates of the points of intersection of the graphs of $y = 2x^2 - x$ and $y = 2x + 35$?
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What is the hottest layer of the Sun’s atmosphere?
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Assuming that you start with 100% U-238 and the U-238 decays to Pb-206, how many half-lives are needed to yield 625 atoms of U-238 and 19,375 atoms of Pb-206? W) 4 X) 5 Y) 6 Z) 8
W: W) 4
X: X) 5
Y: Y) 6
Z: Z) 8
Answer: X) X) 5
Two spheres, each with a charge of 3 µC, are separated by 9 m. Given that $k=9\times10^9\ \mathrm{N\cdot m^2/C^2}$, how much electric potential energy in joules is stored in this combination of charges? W) $9\times10^{-6}$ X) $1\times10^{-3}$ Y) $9\times10^{-3}$ Z) $9\times10^{9}$
W: W) $9\times10^{-6}$
X: X) $1\times10^{-3}$
Y: Y) $9\times10^{-3}$
Z: Z) $9\times10^{9}$
Answer: Y) Y) $9\times10^{-3}$
In 1955, a soldier’s parachute failed to deploy, causing him to fall 1200 ft from the plane to the ground. However, he landed in a snow bank and suffered only minor injuries. Assuming he weighed 100 kg, reached terminal velocity of 50 m/s, and that the snow exerts an average force of 120,000 N, what minimum depth of snow, in meters to one decimal place, was necessary to stop him?
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Which of the following is NOT true in the titration of a weak monoprotic acid with a strong base? W) The starting pH will be lower than 7 X) The final pH will be higher than 7 Y) Methyl red would be a good indicator to use Z) Phenolphthalein would be a good indicator to use
W: W) The starting pH will be lower than 7
X: X) The final pH will be higher than 7
Y: Y) Methyl red would be a good indicator to use
Z: Z) Phenolphthalein would be a good indicator to use
Answer: Y) Y) Methyl red would be a good indicator to use
Since internal alkynes have an additional pi bond, they do not form the same products as alkenes upon cleavage by ozone or potassium permanganate. What functional group does this cleavage produce for internal alkynes?
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After a volcanic eruption wipes out the organisms on an island, which of the following would be the first to recolonize? W) Large carnivore X) Wind-dispersed grass Y) Frugivorous bird Z) Forest tree
W: W) Large carnivore
X: X) Wind-dispersed grass
Y: Y) Frugivorous bird
Z: Z) Forest tree
Answer: X) X) Wind-dispersed grass
How many fused rings does the carbon skeleton of steroids have? W) 2 X) 4 Y) 6 Z) 8
W: W) 2
X: X) 4
Y: Y) 6
Z: Z) 8
Answer: X) X) 4
Evaluate: $$\int_{0}^{4}4\ dx.$$
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A farmer has three hens of varying weights. When the hens are weighed in pairs, they weigh 11.3, 11.8, and 12.1 pounds. What is the weight in pounds of the lightest hen?
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about shallow living coral reefs? W) They serve as centers of biodiversity X) They are generally found in temperate waters Y) They are threatened by climate change Z) They can be assessed using towed diver surveys
W: W) They serve as centers of biodiversity
X: X) They are generally found in temperate waters
Y: Y) They are threatened by climate change
Z: Z) They can be assessed using towed diver surveys
Answer: X) X) They are generally found in temperate waters
What effect predicted by general relativity was Gravity Probe B designed to detect?
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A wire carries a current of 2 A vertically upward. What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field in teslas produced by the wire 4 mm to the north of the wire? W) $1\times10^{-4}$, West X) $1\times10^{-4}$, East Y) $2\times10^{-4}$, West Z) $2\times10^{-4}$, East
W: W) $1\times10^{-4}$, West
X: X) $1\times10^{-4}$, East
Y: Y) $2\times10^{-4}$, West
Z: Z) $2\times10^{-4}$, East
Answer: W) W) $1\times10^{-4}$, West
A solid sphere of uniform density rolls down an incline without slipping. At the bottom of the incline, what fraction of the kinetic energy of the sphere is rotational kinetic energy? W) 2/7 X) 5/7 Y) 1/2 Z) 7/10
W: W) 2/7
X: X) 5/7
Y: Y) 1/2
Z: Z) 7/10
Answer: W) W) 2/7
What is the name for the practice of reducing or shifting electricity usage during peak periods in response to time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives?
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At 100 volts, which of the following is closest to the amperage through a circuit that consists of the following in series: resistors of 10 Ω, 15 Ω, and 22 Ω followed by these resistors in parallel: 5 Ω, 10 Ω, 20 Ω, all in the same circuit? W) 1.5 X) 2.0 Y) 2.5 Z) 5.5
W: W) 1.5
X: X) 2.0
Y: Y) 2.5
Z: Z) 5.5
Answer: X) X) 2.0
Which of the following is NOT a proposed step in the Suzuki reaction catalytic cycle? W) Oxidative addition X) Transmetalation Y) Beta-hydride elimination Z) Reductive elimination
W: W) Oxidative addition
X: X) Transmetalation
Y: Y) Beta-hydride elimination
Z: Z) Reductive elimination
Answer: Y) Y) Beta-hydride elimination
Which of the following best describes the incident and exit beams in attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy? W) Incident beam is photons and exit beam is electrons X) Incident and exit beams are ions Y) Incident and exit beams are photons Z) Incident and exit beams are electrons
W: W) Incident beam is photons and exit beam is electrons
X: X) Incident and exit beams are ions
Y: Y) Incident and exit beams are photons
Z: Z) Incident and exit beams are electrons
Answer: Y) Y) Incident and exit beams are photons
Which of the following is NOT a tool to develop homeothermy in baby birds? W) Large brood size X) Large toes Y) Down Z) Large leg muscles
W: W) Large brood size
X: X) Large toes
Y: Y) Down
Z: Z) Large leg muscles
Answer: X) X) Large toes
Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is NOT true? W) It is an important step during photosynthesis X) During the Calvin cycle, the simple inorganic molecule of carbon dioxide is used to make a complex organic molecule Y) The compound that begins the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Z) The energy needed for the Calvin cycle is provided by the light reaction
W: W) It is an important step during photosynthesis
X: X) During the Calvin cycle, the simple inorganic molecule of carbon dioxide is used to make a complex organic molecule
Y: Y) The compound that begins the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Z: Z) The energy needed for the Calvin cycle is provided by the light reaction
Answer: Y) Y) The compound that begins the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
A drawer contains 30 socks: 10 brown, 9 black, 6 blue, and 5 red. What is the fewest number of socks I must pick from the drawer without looking to be absolutely certain I have 2 socks of the same color?
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The probability that a doctor is correct when making a diagnosis is 0.8. If the doctor makes an incorrect diagnosis, the probability that a patient sues is 0.3. What is the probability that the doctor makes an incorrect diagnosis and the patient sues?
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What discovery in the second half of the 20th century led to the acceptance of the Big Bang theory and the abandonment of the steady state model?
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Which of the following classes of objects is distributed around the Sun with spherical symmetry? W) Asteroids X) Trans-Neptunian objects Y) Kuiper belt objects Z) Long-period comets
W: W) Asteroids
X: X) Trans-Neptunian objects
Y: Y) Kuiper belt objects
Z: Z) Long-period comets
Answer: Z) Z) Long-period comets
Which of the following is a major benefit of membrane-bound cells and organelles? W) Compartmentalization of biochemical reactions X) Protection from UV radiation Y) Thermal isolation Z) Membranes conduct electrical signals
W: W) Compartmentalization of biochemical reactions
X: X) Protection from UV radiation
Y: Y) Thermal isolation
Z: Z) Membranes conduct electrical signals
Answer: W) W) Compartmentalization of biochemical reactions
Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation? W) Stimulation of glucose release by the liver X) Contraction of pupils Y) Stimulation of salivation Z) Contraction of bronchi
W: W) Stimulation of glucose release by the liver
X: X) Contraction of pupils
Y: Y) Stimulation of salivation
Z: Z) Contraction of bronchi
Answer: W) W) Stimulation of glucose release by the liver
A 500 kg roller coaster car rounds the top of a hill with a radius of 25 m at a speed of 15 m/s. Given that $g=10\ \mathrm{m/s^2}$, what is the normal force in newtons on the car at this point? W) 500 X) 4500 Y) 5000 Z) 5500
W: W) 500
X: X) 4500
Y: Y) 5000
Z: Z) 5500
Answer: W) W) 500
The coefficient of kinetic friction between a car’s tires and a flat road is 0.8. The car is traveling at 40 m/s when the driver slams on the brakes, causing the tires to lock. Assuming $g=10\ \mathrm{m/s^2}$, how far will the car travel in meters after the driver hits the brakes?
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Which of the following industries has the largest water withdrawal? W) Agriculture X) Public drinking water Y) Thermoelectric power Z) Industrial and mining
W: W) Agriculture
X: X) Public drinking water
Y: Y) Thermoelectric power
Z: Z) Industrial and mining
Answer: Y) Y) Thermoelectric power
Your mother has a fluorescent light in her office, and you notice a hum coming from it. Which property, that governs the changing of a material’s physical dimensions in response to a change in magnetization, causes this humming sound?
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Which of the following pairs would most likely undergo a Heck reaction? W) Styrene and iodobenzene X) Ethylbenzene and phenol Y) Vinyl bromide and benzene Z) Cyclohexane and allyl bromide
W: W) Styrene and iodobenzene
X: X) Ethylbenzene and phenol
Y: Y) Vinyl bromide and benzene
Z: Z) Cyclohexane and allyl bromide
Answer: W) W) Styrene and iodobenzene
In semicrystalline polymers, the ordered regions will break up and become disordered at the melting temperature. However, amorphous regions soften over a wider range. What is the name of this range?
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Restriction endonucleases are found in bacteria and are thought to provide protection from viruses by cutting viral DNA into small fragments. Molecular biologists have used these enzymes to do which of the following? W) Fight viral infections in eukaryotes X) Clone specific genes into plasmids for expression by bacteria Y) Restrict the production of telomeres in yeast Z) Amplify desired DNA molecules in a controlled reaction
W: W) Fight viral infections in eukaryotes
X: X) Clone specific genes into plasmids for expression by bacteria
Y: Y) Restrict the production of telomeres in yeast
Z: Z) Amplify desired DNA molecules in a controlled reaction
Answer: X) X) Clone specific genes into plasmids for expression by bacteria
What component of the nephron establishes and maintains a salt gradient used to concentrate urine? W) Bowman’s capsule X) Proximal convoluted tubule Y) Distal convoluted tubule Z) Loop of Henle
W: W) Bowman’s capsule
X: X) Proximal convoluted tubule
Y: Y) Distal convoluted tubule
Z: Z) Loop of Henle
Answer: Z) Z) Loop of Henle
Given that $f(x)=\frac{2x}{x-1}$ is a one-to-one function, find $x$ such that $f^{-1}(x)=5$.
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Providing your answer in slope-intercept form, what is the equation of the normal line to the function $f(x)=x^3+2x^2+5x-2$ at the point where $x=0$?
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What is the region around a spinning black hole in which the frame-dragging effect is so strong that all objects are forced to rotate around the black hole?
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Which of the following characterizes tsunamis in the open ocean? W) Shallow water waves with long wavelengths and long periods X) Intermediate waves with long wavelengths and short periods Y) Deep water waves with short wavelengths and long periods Z) Deep water waves with long wavelengths and short periods
W: W) Shallow water waves with long wavelengths and long periods
X: X) Intermediate waves with long wavelengths and short periods
Y: Y) Deep water waves with short wavelengths and long periods
Z: Z) Deep water waves with long wavelengths and short periods
Answer: W) W) Shallow water waves with long wavelengths and long periods
A 3 kg mass, a 4 kg mass, and a 5 kg mass are placed in a line at positions of 3 m, 4 m, and 5 m, respectively, from the origin. Which of the following is nearest the location of the center of mass of this set of masses in meters from the origin? W) 0.24 X) 1.00 Y) 4.17 Z) 12.0
W: W) 0.24
X: X) 1.00
Y: Y) 4.17
Z: Z) 12.0
Answer: Y) Y) 4.17
A 10 Ω resistor, a 20 Ω resistor, and a 30 Ω resistor are connected in series to a 12 V battery. How much energy in joules is dissipated in heat through the 30 Ω resistor in 60 seconds?
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