HS Sample Set 7, Round 17 from NSB
Water flows at 2.0 meters per second through a tube of radius 1 centimeter. The dynamic viscosity of the water is $1.0\times10^{-3}\,\mathrm{Pa\cdot s}$. Which of the following best represents the Reynolds number and the nature of the flow, given that the density of water is $1.0\times10^{3}\,\mathrm{kg/m^3}$? W) 40,000; turbulent X) 40,000; laminar Y) 20,000; turbulent Z) 20,000; laminar
W: W) 40,000; turbulent
X: X) 40,000; laminar
Y: Y) 20,000; turbulent
Z: Z) 20,000; laminar
Answer: W) W) 40,000; turbulent
A 1000-watt oven is connected to a 240-volt AC power source. Which of the following is nearest the peak voltage across the oven? W) 120 X) 270 Y) 340 Z) 370
W: W) 120
X: X) 270
Y: Y) 340
Z: Z) 370
Answer: Y) Y) 340
Which of the following cooking pot materials is most useful for an induction cooktop? W) Copper X) Cast iron Y) Aluminum Z) Glass
W: W) Copper
X: X) Cast iron
Y: Y) Aluminum
Z: Z) Glass
Answer: X) X) Cast iron
What functional unit in coal-based power production efficiently removes particulate matter?
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Which approximation is used in quantum mechanics to separate the electronic and vibrational wave functions into isolated components?
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In which of the following scattering angles is Rayleigh scattering from unpolarized light the most intense? W) $0^\circ$ X) $45^\circ$ Y) $90^\circ$ Z) $180^\circ$
W: W) $0^\circ$
X: X) $45^\circ$
Y: Y) $90^\circ$
Z: Z) $180^\circ$
Answer: Y) Y) $90^\circ$
What tree is deciduous, dioecious, and has leaves that do not possess a central vein but do have dichotomous venation?
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In the Meselson–Stahl experiment, after one round of replication in light nitrogen, what would be predicted if DNA replication were conservative? W) All the DNA would be light X) All of the DNA would be an intermediate density Y) Half of the DNA would be light, and half would be heavy Z) Half of the DNA would be intermediate, and half would be light
W: W) All the DNA would be light
X: X) All of the DNA would be an intermediate density
Y: Y) Half of the DNA would be light, and half would be heavy
Z: Z) Half of the DNA would be intermediate, and half would be light
Answer: Y) Y) Half of the DNA would be light, and half would be heavy
Which of the following equations represents two intersecting lines? W) $x^2 + y^2 = 9$ X) $x^2 - y^2 = 9$ Y) $x^2 + 4y^2 = 1$ Z) $x^2 - y^2 = 0$
W: W) $x^2 + y^2 = 9$
X: X) $x^2 - y^2 = 9$
Y: Y) $x^2 + 4y^2 = 1$
Z: Z) $x^2 - y^2 = 0$
Answer: Z) Z) $x^2 - y^2 = 0$
Find the open intervals over which a function whose derivative is $5x^2(x + 5)(x - 3)$ is increasing.
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The helium flash occurs in what stage of stellar evolution? W) Main sequence X) Subgiant branch Y) Asymptotic giant branch Z) Tip of the red giant branch
W: W) Main sequence
X: X) Subgiant branch
Y: Y) Asymptotic giant branch
Z: Z) Tip of the red giant branch
Answer: Z) Z) Tip of the red giant branch
The spectral lines of stars have a finite width. What are two phenomena responsible for this observation? W) Doppler effect and Heisenberg uncertainty principle X) Stark effect and pressure broadening Y) Zeeman effect and natural broadening Z) Collisional broadening and instrumental broadening
W: W) Doppler effect and Heisenberg uncertainty principle
X: X) Stark effect and pressure broadening
Y: Y) Zeeman effect and natural broadening
Z: Z) Collisional broadening and instrumental broadening
Answer: W) W) Doppler effect and Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Which of the following experiments provided evidence in favor of the wave theory of light? W) Young’s double slit experiment X) Michelson–Morley experiment Y) Millikan’s oil-drop experiment Z) Huygens’ experiment
W: W) Young’s double slit experiment
X: X) Michelson–Morley experiment
Y: Y) Millikan’s oil-drop experiment
Z: Z) Huygens’ experiment
Answer: W) W) Young’s double slit experiment
If bombarding a beryllium target by alpha particles produces a neutron, which of the following must also be produced? W) Lithium X) Boron Y) Carbon Z) Nitrogen
W: W) Lithium
X: X) Boron
Y: Y) Carbon
Z: Z) Nitrogen
Answer: Y) Y) Carbon
Given that basic amino acids are generally found at enzyme active sites, which of the following is most likely to be the amino acid at an active site? W) Histidine X) Aspartate Y) Serine Z) Phenylalanine
W: W) Histidine
X: X) Aspartate
Y: Y) Serine
Z: Z) Phenylalanine
Answer: W) W) Histidine
In two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy, what are the highly fluorescent and commonly used molecules abbreviated CV and GFP?
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What is the name of the symbiont that can have crustose, foliose, or fruticose forms?
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Which type of DNA damage or distortion would be most likely to lead to an insertion or deletion during replication, resulting in a frameshift mutation? W) Depurination X) Alkylation Y) Tautomerization Z) Intercalation
W: W) Depurination
X: X) Alkylation
Y: Y) Tautomerization
Z: Z) Intercalation
Answer: Z) Z) Intercalation
Evaluate $\tan\bigl(\sin^{-1}(-\tfrac12)\bigr)$.
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Evaluate $$\displaystyle \int_{1}^{\infty} \frac{x^2}{(x^3 + 3)^2}\,dx\,. $$
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What chemical, produced by planktonic algae, is the major source of cloud-condensation nuclei over the open oceans? W) Nitric acid X) Dimethyl sulfide Y) Hydrochloric acid Z) Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
W: W) Nitric acid
X: X) Dimethyl sulfide
Y: Y) Hydrochloric acid
Z: Z) Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
Answer: X) X) Dimethyl sulfide
The rostral bone evolved to allow for the powerful beak-like bite characteristic of what dinosaur group? W) Theropods X) Ceratopsians Y) Sauropods Z) Hadrosaurs
W: W) Theropods
X: X) Ceratopsians
Y: Y) Sauropods
Z: Z) Hadrosaurs
Answer: X) X) Ceratopsians
Which of the following ways will allow you to increase the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor? W) Decreasing the plate separation X) Increasing the plate separation Y) Decreasing the surface area of each plate Z) Increasing the charge on the plates
W: W) Decreasing the plate separation
X: X) Increasing the plate separation
Y: Y) Decreasing the surface area of each plate
Z: Z) Increasing the charge on the plates
Answer: W) W) Decreasing the plate separation
An electron and positron collide and annihilate one another. Which of the following is nearest the energy released, in MeV? W) 0.5 X) 1 Y) 2 Z) 10
W: W) 0.5
X: X) 1
Y: Y) 2
Z: Z) 10
Answer: X) X) 1
What is the electrode material of choice for capacitive deionization of seawater?
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If the wavelength of microwave radiation is 10 cm, what is the frequency in hertz? (Give your answer in scientific notation with one significant figure.)
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Iron minerals can be subdivided based on their gangue content. Into which category would you place a mineral made up primarily of aluminum oxide? W) Basic gangue X) Acid gangue Y) Autofluxing Z) Primary gangue
W: W) Basic gangue
X: X) Acid gangue
Y: Y) Autofluxing
Z: Z) Primary gangue
Answer: X) X) Acid gangue
Which principle of quantum mechanics determines the transition probability for a molecule based on the overlap of its vibrational states?
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Hemosiderin is a protein used to store what chemical that can be toxic when free in the cell?
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If a chemical blocks ATP synthase from transporting protons, which chloroplast compartment would increase in acidity?
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Which of the following is a first-order non-linear ordinary differential equation? W) $y' + y = 0$ X) $y'' - 2y^2 - 2 = 0$ Y) $y' - x y = 0$ Z) $y' - 2y^2 - 2 = 0$
W: W) $y' + y = 0$
X: X) $y'' - 2y^2 - 2 = 0$
Y: Y) $y' - x y = 0$
Z: Z) $y' - 2y^2 - 2 = 0$
Answer: Z) Z) $y' - 2y^2 - 2 = 0$
What is the area, in square meters, of a triangle whose sides are of length 10 m, 12 m, and 14 m?
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Which mechanism transfers angular momentum in accretion disks? W) Viscosity X) Gravity Y) Advection Z) Coriolis forces
W: W) Viscosity
X: X) Gravity
Y: Y) Advection
Z: Z) Coriolis forces
Answer: W) W) Viscosity
The secondary rainbow in a double rainbow requires which optical processes? W) One refraction and two internal reflections X) One internal reflection and two refractions Y) Two internal reflections and two refractions Z) Two refractions, one reflection, and surface diffraction
W: W) One refraction and two internal reflections
X: X) One internal reflection and two refractions
Y: Y) Two internal reflections and two refractions
Z: Z) Two refractions, one reflection, and surface diffraction
Answer: Y) Y) Two internal reflections and two refractions
Which of the following marine snails produces a deadly toxin? W) Blood ark X) Amethyst olive Y) Eastern melampus Z) Geographic cone
W: W) Blood ark
X: X) Amethyst olive
Y: Y) Eastern melampus
Z: Z) Geographic cone
Answer: Z) Z) Geographic cone
Alpha-amanitin from the death cap mushroom binds and inhibits RNA polymerase II. Transcription of which type of RNA is most impacted? W) siRNA X) mRNA Y) rRNA Z) tRNA
W: W) siRNA
X: X) mRNA
Y: Y) rRNA
Z: Z) tRNA
Answer: X) X) mRNA
The wavelength shift of light from a quasar gives a recessional speed $v\approx2.18\times10^{8}\,\mathrm{m/s}$. If the Hubble constant is 21.8 mm/s per light-year, what is the approximate distance of the quasar in light years?
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A spacecraft travels away from Earth at $4/5\,c$ and after 3 h ship-time a child is born at 1:00 p.m. Ship-time. Assuming constant acceleration, what is the birth time according to a stationary Earth clock? W) 2:00 p.m. X) 4:00 p.m. Y) 6:00 p.m. Z) 7:30 p.m.
W: W) 2:00 p.m.
X: X) 4:00 p.m.
Y: Y) 6:00 p.m.
Z: Z) 7:30 p.m.
Answer: W) W) 2:00 p.m.
The first solid-state quantum process at Yale in 2009 used two qubits made of a billion atoms acting as a single artificial atom. The billion atoms were comprised of what element? W) Silicon X) Aluminum Y) Titanium Z) Copper
W: W) Silicon
X: X) Aluminum
Y: Y) Titanium
Z: Z) Copper
Answer: X) X) Aluminum
Water is the product of four-electron transfer in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell; what is the product of two-electron transfer?
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You want to process a fiber polymer whose solvent cannot be melted or evaporated. Which technique should be used? W) Wet spinning X) Dry spinning Y) Extrusion Z) Injection molding
W: W) Wet spinning
X: X) Dry spinning
Y: Y) Extrusion
Z: Z) Injection molding
Answer: W) W) Wet spinning
Deuterochloroform is often used as the internal standard in $^{13}$C NMR. At what chemical shift (ppm) is the resonance centered?
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Which of the following is NOT in the order Artiodactyla? W) Chevrotain X) Warthog Y) Giraffe Z) Hyrax
W: W) Chevrotain
X: X) Warthog
Y: Y) Giraffe
Z: Z) Hyrax
Answer: Z) Z) Hyrax
Which of the following is NOT true of the platypus? W) They are one of the few venomous mammals X) They lack teats Y) Their eggs are holoblastic Z) They have ten sex chromosomes
W: W) They are one of the few venomous mammals
X: X) They lack teats
Y: Y) Their eggs are holoblastic
Z: Z) They have ten sex chromosomes
Answer: Y) Y) Their eggs are holoblastic
There is a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards containing 13 cards each of spades, clubs, diamonds, and hearts. You draw 2 cards without replacement. What is the probability that both cards are diamonds?
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Given the equation $x + \tfrac{1}{x} = 3$, what is the value of $x^4 + \tfrac{1}{x^4}$?
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Which of the following is the double-degenerate model for Type Ia supernovae? W) The cores of a binary system undergo common envelope evolution collapse and explode after iron fusion X) A red giant overflows its Roche lobe and dumps matter onto a white dwarf until it exceeds the Chandrasekhar mass Y) Two white dwarfs collide to create a new object, which exceeds the Chandrasekhar mass Z) A main sequence star overflows its Roche lobe and dumps matter onto a white dwarf until it exceeds the Chandrasekhar mass
W: W) The cores of a binary system undergo common envelope evolution collapse and explode after iron fusion
X: X) A red giant overflows its Roche lobe and dumps matter onto a white dwarf until it exceeds the Chandrasekhar mass
Y: Y) Two white dwarfs collide to create a new object, which exceeds the Chandrasekhar mass
Z: Z) A main sequence star overflows its Roche lobe and dumps matter onto a white dwarf until it exceeds the Chandrasekhar mass
Answer: Y) Y) Two white dwarfs collide to create a new object, which exceeds the Chandrasekhar mass
How is the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 useful as a proxy for paleoclimatic temperatures in ice-core samples? W) Oxygen-16 is preferentially stored in ice and only released during warmer periods X) Oxygen-16 changes into oxygen-18 at higher temperatures Y) Oxygen-18 is released from water molecules at higher temperatures Z) Water with oxygen-18 freezes at lower temperatures than water with oxygen-16
W: W) Oxygen-16 is preferentially stored in ice and only released during warmer periods
X: X) Oxygen-16 changes into oxygen-18 at higher temperatures
Y: Y) Oxygen-18 is released from water molecules at higher temperatures
Z: Z) Water with oxygen-18 freezes at lower temperatures than water with oxygen-16
Answer: W) W) Oxygen-16 is preferentially stored in ice and only released during warmer periods
If the magnitude of a magnetic field is multiplied by 4, by what factor is the magnitude of the energy difference $\Delta E$ between electron states $m_s = \pm\tfrac12$ multiplied? W) 4 X) 2 Y) ½ Z) ¼
W: W) 4
X: X) 2
Y: Y) ½
Z: Z) ¼
Answer: W) W) 4
During Bragg diffraction, X-rays with 1 nm wavelength are incident on a crystal and the second maximum appears at $30^\circ$. What is the lattice spacing, in meters, of the crystal? (Give your answer in scientific notation.)
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