HS Sample Set 15, Round 5 from NSB
What type of associative learning involves the linking of an outcome with an unrelated, reflex-evoking stimulus, such that an animal learns to anticipate the outcome when given the stimulus?
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Golden rice is a genetically-modified strain of rice that is designed to prevent blindness caused by a deficiency of what vitamin?
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How many planets in our solar system have an average density less than that of water at STP?
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Many stony meteorites are composed of small silicate spheres. What are these spheres called?
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Scientists at Savannah River National Lab identify microbes found in spent nuclear fuel storage basins by sequencing their rRNA. This type of RNA forms a major component of what organelle?
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In NMR spectroscopy, J-coupling is a type of interaction that results in splitting of the NMR signal. This is because the nucleus interacts with what subatomic particle?
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Which of the following statements is TRUE of dynamic equilibrium in chemistry? W) Forward and backward rate constants are equal to zero X) Forward and backward rate constants are equal in value Y) Forward and backward rates are equal to zero Z) Forward and backward rates are equal in value
W: W) Forward and backward rate constants are equal to zero
X: X) Forward and backward rate constants are equal in value
Y: Y) Forward and backward rates are equal to zero
Z: Z) Forward and backward rates are equal in value
Answer: Z) Z) Forward and backward rates are equal in value
What is the formal charge on the carbon atom in the cyanide ion?
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In order to explain the photoelectric effect, Einstein proposed the existence of particles that have zero rest mass but still possess which of the following physical quantities? W) Lepton number X) Momentum Y) Color charge Z) Electric charge
W: W) Lepton number
X: X) Momentum
Y: Y) Color charge
Z: Z) Electric charge
Answer: X) X) Momentum
Consider three electrically-charged bodies, A, B, and C. You find that A and B attract each other. Based on this observation, identify all of the following three statements that must also be true: 1) A and B have the same charge 2) If B and C repel each other, A and C will attract each other 3) If B and C attract each other, A and C will attract each other
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For a twice-differentiable function f of x, f(3) is 5, f′(3) is 0, and f″(3) is –8. Which of the following is true of the graph of y = f(x) at the point (3, 5)? W) There is a local minimum X) There is a local maximum Y) There is an inflection point Z) The graph is concave up
W: W) There is a local minimum
X: X) There is a local maximum
Y: Y) There is an inflection point
Z: Z) The graph is concave up
Answer: X) X) There is a local maximum
A paper cup is in the shape of a circular cone, with height 9 inches and opening diameter 3 inches. How many of these paper cups of water would it take to fill a cylindrical container of height 3 inches and diameter 12 inches?
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Sea salts from breaking waves, soot from wildfires, pollen lifted by the wind, and ash from volcanic eruptions are all examples of what type of suspended solids?
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Identify all of the following three landforms that could be represented by closed contours on a topographic map: 1) Hill 2) Cliff 3) Pond
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The tsetse fly is the vector for what human disease that is caused by a protist?
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Identify all of the following three types of bacterial gene transfer that require cell-to-cell contact between the recipient and the donor: 1) Transformation 2) Transduction 3) Conjugation
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At 0.01 degrees Celsius and 0.6% of an atmosphere, water can exist at what intersection on its phase diagram?
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A 5-kilogram potato gun is loaded with a 200-gram potato. When it is fired, the potato gun recoils directly opposite to the initial trajectory of the potato with an initial speed of 0.3 meters per second. In meters per second, what is the initial speed of the potato?
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What is the largest prime factor of 800?
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A sphere centered at (–2, 6, –9) has (5, 2, 4) as one endpoint of a diameter. What are the coordinates of the other endpoint of that diameter?
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What is the term for unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms?
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If a reaction is spontaneous only at high temperatures, then what are the signs of its changes in enthalpy and entropy, respectively?
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Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have had success extracting rare-earth elements from a waste product, phosphogypsum. Which of the following is NOT a rare earth element? W) Terbium X) Gadolinium Y) Lutetium Z) Protactinium
W: W) Terbium
X: X) Gadolinium
Y: Y) Lutetium
Z: Z) Protactinium
Answer: Z) Z) Protactinium
Scientists at the Joint Genome Institute are studying switchgrass, which has four copies of each of its chromosomes. This is an example of what state that is characterized by organisms having more than two pairs of each chromosome?
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What is the largest satellite galaxy of the Milky Way and can be easily seen with the naked eye?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of binary star system involving gravitationally-bound stars? W) Apparent X) Visual Y) Astrometric Z) Eclipsing
W: W) Apparent
X: X) Visual
Y: Y) Astrometric
Z: Z) Eclipsing
Answer: W) W) Apparent
Which of the following pieces of glassware will most accurately transfer 10 milliliters of a solution? W) Beaker X) 100-milliliter graduated cylinder Y) 100-milliliter volumetric flask Z) Burette
W: W) Beaker
X: X) 100-milliliter graduated cylinder
Y: Y) 100-milliliter volumetric flask
Z: Z) Burette
Answer: Z) Z) Burette
What is the name for an elimination reaction that results in the removal of two hydrogen atoms from an alkane, forming an alkene?
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How many terms does the binomial expansion of (7x³ + 4y²)²⁰ contain?
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Three coplanar circles with radii of lengths 2, 5, and 8, respectively, have the same center, forming a shape consisting of two annuluses and a circle that are nonoverlapping. What is the ratio of the area of the smaller annulus to that of the larger annulus?
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What SI derived unit is used to measure the property of a circuit element whose voltage drop is proportional to the negative time derivative of flowing current?
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Identify all of the following three quantities whose magnitudes must be zero in order for an object to be in equilibrium: 1) Velocity 2) Angular momentum 3) Net torque
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Managing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease can be achieved by increasing the levels of what neurotransmitter in the brain?
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In peas, yellow seeds are dominant to green, and round seeds are dominant to wrinkled. In a dihybrid cross, what fraction of the offspring are expected to have yellow, wrinkled seeds?
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Fertilizer is generally characterized by its NPK ratio, which refers to the amounts of what three elements?
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Increasing the number of neutrons in a nucleus caused protons to pair and get closer together. What massive virtual particles are being exchanged by these protons?
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If the odds against an event are 7 to 4, what is the probability of the event occurring?
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Express the fraction with numerator 17 – 4i and denominator 1 – 2i in standard a + bi form.
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Any parallel-plate capacitor holding a charge will experience an attractive force between the two plates. If the charge on the capacitor is doubled, by what number will the attractive force be multiplied?
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Light with a wavelength of 600 nanometers passes through a diffraction grating with slit separation of two microns. In radians with one significant figure, what is the angular separation between the closest two peaks?
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What is the term for the amount of energy required to separate one mole of the ions in an ionic compound?
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According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, what is the pH, at 25 degrees Celsius, at which a base with pKb of 9.2 will have a 10-to-1 ratio of conjugate acid to base?
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To what crystal system does quartz belong? W) Triclinic X) Orthorhombic Y) Trigonal Z) Monoclinic
W: W) Triclinic
X: X) Orthorhombic
Y: Y) Trigonal
Z: Z) Monoclinic
Answer: Y) Y) Trigonal
Identify all of the following three statements about the Earth and the Moon that are true: 1) The Moon has a proportionally larger iron core 2) The Moon does not contain enough molten iron in its core to produce a significant magnetic field 3) The Moon has an average density about 20 percent that of Earth
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What is the term for an infectious disease that is present at a constant, low level within a population?
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The grouping of modern humans and chimpanzees forms which of the following types of groups? W) Polyphyletic X) Monophyletic Y) Paraphyletic Z) Cladistic
W: W) Polyphyletic
X: X) Monophyletic
Y: Y) Paraphyletic
Z: Z) Cladistic
Answer: W) W) Polyphyletic