MS Sample Set 5, Round 13 from NSB
Find a number \(x\) different from 3 such that \[ x + \frac{1}{x} = 3 + \frac{1}{3}. \]
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Solve the system of inequalities \[ 3x - 2 > 7 \quad\text{and}\quad 4x - 13 > 15. \]
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of microevolution? W) Genetic drift X) Gene flow Y) Random mating Z) Mutation
W: W) Genetic drift
X: X) Gene flow
Y: Y) Random mating
Z: Z) Mutation
Answer: Y) Y) Random mating
Which of the following techniques is best used to diagnose a disease caused by aneuploidy? W) Protein extraction X) Karyotyping Y) Electrophoresis Z) Pedigree analysis
W: W) Protein extraction
X: X) Karyotyping
Y: Y) Electrophoresis
Z: Z) Pedigree analysis
Answer: X) X) Karyotyping
About how fast, in meters per second, does a released neutron travel in a fission reaction? W) \(1 \times 10^5\) X) \(3 \times 10^6\) Y) \(2 \times 10^7\) Z) \(3 \times 10^8\)
W: W) \(1 \times 10^5\)
X: X) \(3 \times 10^6\)
Y: Y) \(2 \times 10^7\)
Z: Z) \(3 \times 10^8\)
Answer: Y) Y) \(2 \times 10^7\)
What high-energy particle resembling an electron is produced when a high-energy proton hits the Earth’s atmosphere and collides with the nucleus of an atmospheric gas molecule?
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Hydraulic lifts utilize Pascal’s principle and an increased surface area on the lift to do which of the following? W) Multiply the force of the object X) Multiply the force of the operator Y) Decrease the weight of the object being lifted Z) Decrease the force of the operator
W: W) Multiply the force of the object
X: X) Multiply the force of the operator
Y: Y) Decrease the weight of the object being lifted
Z: Z) Decrease the force of the operator
Answer: X) X) Multiply the force of the operator
Identify the reactant or reactants that are oxidized in the reaction: \[ \text{Zn} + 2\text{HCl} \;\longrightarrow\; \text{Zn}^{2+} + \text{H}_2 + 2\text{Cl}^-. \]
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Which of the following is true regarding viruses and viroids? W) Viroids contain RNA; viruses do not X) Viruses contain RNA; viroids do not Y) Viroids contain protein; viruses do not Z) Viruses contain protein; viroids do not
W: W) Viroids contain RNA; viruses do not
X: X) Viruses contain RNA; viroids do not
Y: Y) Viroids contain protein; viruses do not
Z: Z) Viruses contain protein; viroids do not
Answer: Z) Z) Viruses contain protein; viroids do not
Because DNA polymerase is not able to synthesize DNA in the 3′ to 5′ direction, how do eukaryotes prevent loss of base pair sequences from chromosome ends? W) Mismatch repair X) Nucleotide excision repair Y) Topoisomerase winds up DNA ends Z) Telomerase adds sequence repeats
W: W) Mismatch repair
X: X) Nucleotide excision repair
Y: Y) Topoisomerase winds up DNA ends
Z: Z) Telomerase adds sequence repeats
Answer: Z) Z) Telomerase adds sequence repeats
What is the maximum number of lines of symmetry possible for a parallelogram?
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If there is a jar with 4 green marbles and 6 yellow marbles, what is the probability that Dexter draws a yellow one and Shannon draws a green one, without replacement?
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With what subatomic particles do x-rays primarily interact?
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What is the generic term for enzymes that catalyze the process of bioluminescence in nature?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the six main crystal systems? W) Monoclinic X) Cubic Y) Orthorhombic Z) Prismatic
W: W) Monoclinic
X: X) Cubic
Y: Y) Orthorhombic
Z: Z) Prismatic
Answer: Z) Z) Prismatic
What are the primary metals associated with the ores hematite and cinnabar, respectively?
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Which of the following actions would NOT be likely to move the domains of a magnet? W) Putting the magnet in a strong magnetic field opposite of its own X) Dropping a magnet Y) Heating a magnet Z) Cutting a magnet in half
W: W) Putting the magnet in a strong magnetic field opposite of its own
X: X) Dropping a magnet
Y: Y) Heating a magnet
Z: Z) Cutting a magnet in half
Answer: Z) Z) Cutting a magnet in half
The ideal gas law begins to break down under which conditions? W) High temperature and high pressure X) High temperature and low pressure Y) Low temperature and high pressure Z) Low temperature and low pressure
W: W) High temperature and high pressure
X: X) High temperature and low pressure
Y: Y) Low temperature and high pressure
Z: Z) Low temperature and low pressure
Answer: Y) Y) Low temperature and high pressure
What artery originates in the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen?
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By name or number, identify all of the following five seafood choices that are currently being overfished or caught or farmed in ways that harm other marine life or the environment: 1) Atlantic cod; 2) squid; 3) red snapper; 4) farmed mussels; 5) wild oysters.
Choices:
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The substance known as fish “antifreeze” is which of the following types of molecules? W) Phospholipid X) Carbohydrate Y) Glycoprotein Z) Alcohol
W: W) Phospholipid
X: X) Carbohydrate
Y: Y) Glycoprotein
Z: Z) Alcohol
Answer: Y) Y) Glycoprotein
What kind of weather profiling device collects information along a mostly vertical path as it descends through a storm?
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Is a triangle with sides of length 8, 9, and 12 acute, right, or obtuse?
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A stem-and-leaf plot of history test scores looks like this: - Stem 6: leaves 1, 4 - Stem 7: leaves 2, 3, 5 - Stem 8: leaves 1, 1, 3, 5 - Stem 9: leaves 0, 0, 0, 3 - Stem 10: leaves 0, 0 What are the mode, median, and range, respectively?
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What fundamental force holds the particles in the nucleus of an atom together?
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By name or number, identify all of the following four acids that are strong (ionize completely in aqueous solution with \(pK_a < -1.74\)): 1) sulfuric acid; 2) phosphoric acid; 3) acetic acid; 4) chlorous acid.
Choices:
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Houseflies are in the order Diptera. What does “diptera” mean?
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Name the most unusual and obvious adaptation an angler fish has to help it catch its prey.
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How is the relationship between the temperature and volume of an ideal gas characterized? W) Directly proportional X) Inversely proportional Y) Exponential Z) Independent
W: W) Directly proportional
X: X) Inversely proportional
Y: Y) Exponential
Z: Z) Independent
Answer: W) W) Directly proportional
What is the molecular formula for amazonite?
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Which of the following metals is the best conductor of electricity? W) Copper X) Silver Y) Gold Z) Aluminum
W: W) Copper
X: X) Silver
Y: Y) Gold
Z: Z) Aluminum
Answer: X) X) Silver
Given that the molecular weight of sodium hydroxide is 40 g/mol, calculate to the nearest hundredth the molarity of a solution with 2 g of NaOH dissolved in 5 L of water.
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Which of the following silicate mineral groups has a single-chain silicate structure? W) Feldspars X) Micas Y) Pyroxenes Z) Amphiboles
W: W) Feldspars
X: X) Micas
Y: Y) Pyroxenes
Z: Z) Amphiboles
Answer: Y) Y) Pyroxenes
Correctly match the intrusive rock types, granite, gabbro, and diorite, respectively, with the extrusive rock types basalt, andesite, and rhyolite.
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What is the phenomenon by which tiny particles suspended in a fluid undergo small random movements without apparent external forcing?
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Which of the following factors does NOT impact the vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container? W) The molecular composition of the liquid X) The temperature of the liquid Y) The surface area of the liquid in contact with the gas Z) The intermolecular forces between the molecules in the liquid
W: W) The molecular composition of the liquid
X: X) The temperature of the liquid
Y: Y) The surface area of the liquid in contact with the gas
Z: Z) The intermolecular forces between the molecules in the liquid
Answer: Y) Y) The surface area of the liquid in contact with the gas
Which of the following elements was NOT produced in the Big Bang? W) Hydrogen X) Helium Y) Carbon Z) Beryllium
W: W) Hydrogen
X: X) Helium
Y: Y) Carbon
Z: Z) Beryllium
Answer: Y) Y) Carbon
There are roughly 860,000 food calories in a kilowatt-hour, and the average U.S. household uses about 10,000 kWh per year. To the nearest thousand, how many 500-calorie sandwiches would supply that energy?
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For a set of two-variable data, the correlation coefficient is \(r = -0.9\) and the line of best fit is \(y = mx + b\). Which of the following is TRUE about \(m\)? W) \(m>0\) X) \(m<0\) Y) \(m=0\) Z) \(m\) can be any real number
W: W) \(m>0\)
X: X) \(m<0\)
Y: Y) \(m=0\)
Z: Z) \(m\) can be any real number
Answer: X) X) \(m<0\)
Factor completely: \[ x^5 + y^5. \]
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Thermohaline circulation is driven by what two seawater traits?
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Quenching of molten materials is an important step in the formation of which of the following igneous rocks? W) Pegmatite X) Obsidian Y) Chert Z) Granite
W: W) Pegmatite
X: X) Obsidian
Y: Y) Chert
Z: Z) Granite
Answer: X) X) Obsidian
If you apply force tangentially to an object’s face, what kind of stress do you induce?
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By name or number, rank the following three substances from highest to lowest specific heat: 1) aluminum; 2) water; 3) silver.
Choices:
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Isotopes of which element would allow you to determine the age of the oldest rocks on Earth? W) Carbon X) Lead Y) Iron Z) Uranium
W: W) Carbon
X: X) Lead
Y: Y) Iron
Z: Z) Uranium
Answer: Z) Z) Uranium
Which of the following is NOT a common mafic silicate mineral? W) Potassium feldspar X) Olivine Y) Pyroxene Z) Amphibole
W: W) Potassium feldspar
X: X) Olivine
Y: Y) Pyroxene
Z: Z) Amphibole
Answer: W) W) Potassium feldspar
Which component of the cytoskeleton is actively involved in lining chromosomes up at the cell equator during cell division? W) Microtubule X) Microfilament Y) Intermediate filament Z) Vesicle
W: W) Microtubule
X: X) Microfilament
Y: Y) Intermediate filament
Z: Z) Vesicle
Answer: W) W) Microtubule
The development of polyploidy in plants plays the most direct role in which of the following? W) Sympatric speciation X) Allopatric speciation Y) Natural selection Z) Parapatric speciation
W: W) Sympatric speciation
X: X) Allopatric speciation
Y: Y) Natural selection
Z: Z) Parapatric speciation
Answer: W) W) Sympatric speciation
Which of the following is NOT true about Faraday’s electromagnetic‐induction experiment with a moving permanent magnet and a coil connected to a galvanometer? W) When the magnet is stationary inside the coil, no current is induced X) Moving the magnet quickly produces stronger current Y) When the north end enters, a clockwise current is induced Z) When the north end enters, a counterclockwise current is induced
W: W) When the magnet is stationary inside the coil, no current is induced
X: X) Moving the magnet quickly produces stronger current
Y: Y) When the north end enters, a clockwise current is induced
Z: Z) When the north end enters, a counterclockwise current is induced
Answer: Y) Y) When the north end enters, a clockwise current is induced
Barium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate are mixed in a 2:1 ratio at room temperature, producing a cold mixture. A small amount of liquid water is then added. Which will happen to the water? W) It will completely turn into steam X) Part will remain liquid and part will turn into steam Y) It will remain liquid Z) It will freeze
W: W) It will completely turn into steam
X: X) Part will remain liquid and part will turn into steam
Y: Y) It will remain liquid
Z: Z) It will freeze
Answer: Z) Z) It will freeze