HS Sample Set 3, Round 17 from NSB
Which two of the following 5 amino acids are classified as basic because of the structure of their side chains:
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At 250 K, the pressure of oxygen in a 1-liter container is 0.40 atm. If 0.10 mol of carbon dioxide are added to the container, what will be the new pressure, in atmospheres rounded to the first decimal place?
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Which of the following is the MOST likely ultimate fate of the universe if mass in the universe is less than the critical density and there is no dark energy: W) it will eventually stop expanding and maintain a constant size X) it will stop expanding and collapse Y) it will expand forever Z) it will expand at an accelerating rate and then nearly collapse, then expand again and continue to oscillate this way forever
W: W) it will eventually stop expanding and maintain a constant size
X: X) it will stop expanding and collapse
Y: Y) it will expand forever
Z: Z) it will expand at an accelerating rate and then nearly collapse, then expand again and continue to oscillate this way forever
Answer: Y) Y) it will expand forever
Which of the following BEST explains why scientists believe the early universe up to a few hundred thousand years old was opaque: W) deuterium at those temperatures absorbed all electromagnetic radiation X) there was no electromagnetic radiation Y) free electrons scattered photons and prevented them from traveling very far Z) the temperature had cooled so far that space without stars was a dark void
W: W) deuterium at those temperatures absorbed all electromagnetic radiation
X: X) there was no electromagnetic radiation
Y: Y) free electrons scattered photons and prevented them from traveling very far
Z: Z) the temperature had cooled so far that space without stars was a dark void
Answer: Y) Y) free electrons scattered photons and prevented them from traveling very far
The movement of cells from G-1 in the cell cycle into S-phase is mostly under the control of: W) cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases X) the availability of purines and pyrimidines Y) ubiquitin and proteosomes Z) G proteins and APC’s
W: W) cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases
X: X) the availability of purines and pyrimidines
Y: Y) ubiquitin and proteosomes
Z: Z) G proteins and APC’s
Answer: W) W) cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases
If you fluorescent-labeled the outsides of the trans-membrane proteins of one mammalian cell with a yellow label and another cell with a red label and fused them, which of the following would MOST likely occur over about 1 hour at 37 °C: W) the labels would remain unevenly distributed on the outside of the cells X) the labels would quickly disappear Y) one color would show up in the inside of the cell and the other would remain on the outside Z) the labels would mix evenly on the outside of the cell
W: W) the labels would remain unevenly distributed on the outside of the cells
X: X) the labels would quickly disappear
Y: Y) one color would show up in the inside of the cell and the other would remain on the outside
Z: Z) the labels would mix evenly on the outside of the cell
Answer: Z) Z) the labels would mix evenly on the outside of the cell
By definition, a quadrantal angle is an angle in standard position where its terminal side: W) lies on a coordinate axis X) is a central angle Y) lies only in quadrants one and three Z) lies only in quadrants two and four
W: W) lies on a coordinate axis
X: X) is a central angle
Y: Y) lies only in quadrants one and three
Z: Z) lies only in quadrants two and four
Answer: W) W) lies on a coordinate axis
Find the following indefinite integral: $$\displaystyle \int x e^x \, dx$$
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Which of the following is NOT used in determining relative geologic time: W) principle of superposition X) principle of original horizontality Y) principle of cross-cutting Z) radioisotope half-lives
W: W) principle of superposition
X: X) principle of original horizontality
Y: Y) principle of cross-cutting
Z: Z) radioisotope half-lives
Answer: Z) Z) radioisotope half-lives
Arrange the following 3 oceanic crust features from the YOUNGEST to the OLDEST: abyssal plain; continental shelf; mid-ocean ridge
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Which of the following is NOT true: W) electron tunneling is a phenomenon known since the early formulations of quantum mechanics X) interstellar dust is now believed to constitute less than 1% of the mass in the interstellar medium Y) antibiotic resistance in bacteria can arise from bacteria incorporating exogenous DNA into their genomes Z) plant auxin is typically produced in bud scales and has the restricted role of cellular elongation
W: W) electron tunneling is a phenomenon known since the early formulations of quantum mechanics
X: X) interstellar dust is now believed to constitute less than 1% of the mass in the interstellar medium
Y: Y) antibiotic resistance in bacteria can arise from bacteria incorporating exogenous DNA into their genomes
Z: Z) plant auxin is typically produced in bud scales and has the restricted role of cellular elongation
Answer: Z) Z) plant auxin is typically produced in bud scales and has the restricted role of cellular elongation
If the magic sum for a magic square is 15 and the top row of the magic square consists of the numbers 2, 9 and 4 and the top two numbers of the left column from the top down are 2 and 7, what are the 3 rows, from top to bottom?
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Which of the following MOST directly predicts that the maximum mass possible for a white dwarf is about 1.4 × that of the Sun: W) the Hubble constant X) the Chandrasekhar limit Y) General Relativity Z) the Fornax theorem
W: W) the Hubble constant
X: X) the Chandrasekhar limit
Y: Y) General Relativity
Z: Z) the Fornax theorem
Answer: X) X) the Chandrasekhar limit
Which of the following is illustrated on Maunder’s diagram: W) sunspot activity X) stellar luminosity Y) cometary periods Z) planetary orbital periods
W: W) sunspot activity
X: X) stellar luminosity
Y: Y) cometary periods
Z: Z) planetary orbital periods
Answer: W) W) sunspot activity
Which of the following ionic compounds would have the highest melting point: W) NaF X) NaCl Y) CaF₂ Z) MgO
W: W) NaF
X: X) NaCl
Y: Y) CaF₂
Z: Z) MgO
Answer: Z) Z) MgO
In a zinc-lead voltaic cell, what is the maximum voltage, to the third decimal place, that can be obtained if the standard reduction potential for the zinc ion is –0.763 V and for the lead ion is –0.126 V?
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Which of the following is NOT true: W) electrons are directly affected by the strong nuclear force X) general relativity predicts the existence of black holes Y) a deuterium atom has two nucleons Z) many cosmologists believe that neutrinos make up about as much mass as all the stars in the universe
W: W) electrons are directly affected by the strong nuclear force
X: X) general relativity predicts the existence of black holes
Y: Y) a deuterium atom has two nucleons
Z: Z) many cosmologists believe that neutrinos make up about as much mass as all the stars in the universe
Answer: W) W) electrons are directly affected by the strong nuclear force
Ashley, who weighs 450 N, is with her dad at the playground, and she is sitting on a swing that is 0.60 m above the ground. Her dad pulls her back and lets her go when the swing is 1.1 m above the ground. How fast, in meters per second to the first decimal place, is Ashley moving when the swing passes through its lowest position?
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To what specific part of the tryptophan or lac operon will the repressor typically bind in order to exert its control on the operon?
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Which of the following is the primary difference in regulation between the lactose and tryptophan operons: W) tryptophan activates its repressor and lactose leads to an inactive repressor X) when tryptophan is present, the repressor is inactive and the opposite is true for allolactose in the lac operon Y) allolactose is considered a co-repressor whereas tryptophan is actually an inducer Z) when tryptophan is not present, the co-repressor is able to inactivate the promoter directly
W: W) tryptophan activates its repressor and lactose leads to an inactive repressor
X: X) when tryptophan is present, the repressor is inactive and the opposite is true for allolactose in the lac operon
Y: Y) allolactose is considered a co-repressor whereas tryptophan is actually an inducer
Z: Z) when tryptophan is not present, the co-repressor is able to inactivate the promoter directly
Answer: W) W) tryptophan activates its repressor and lactose leads to an inactive repressor
Differentiate and simplify the following with respect to \(x\): $$y = x e^x$$
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For a triangle whose side \(b = 6\) and \(c = 8\) and the angle formed by those sides is \(45^\circ\), find the area of the triangle, to the nearest whole number:
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If you were hiking on a glacier in the summertime, which of the following is the BEST way to recognize if you were walking on the zone of accumulation: W) large amounts of rocks eroded from the nearby mountainsides have accumulated X) you were walking mostly on exposed, bare ice Y) last year’s snow is still covering the glacial ice Z) a bergschrund delineates the start of the accumulation zone
W: W) large amounts of rocks eroded from the nearby mountainsides have accumulated
X: X) you were walking mostly on exposed, bare ice
Y: Y) last year’s snow is still covering the glacial ice
Z: Z) a bergschrund delineates the start of the accumulation zone
Answer: Y) Y) last year’s snow is still covering the glacial ice
Order the following 4 metamorphic rocks from the LOWEST metamorphic grade to the HIGHEST: slate; phyllite; schist; gneiss
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Which of the following is NOT typically true about lichens: W) lichens produce a rock-dissolving acid as they grow X) few animals other than caribou can eat lichens Y) lichens take nutrients from the air Z) lichens are prone to desiccation and death if water is withheld for more than a few days
W: W) lichens produce a rock-dissolving acid as they grow
X: X) few animals other than caribou can eat lichens
Y: Y) lichens take nutrients from the air
Z: Z) lichens are prone to desiccation and death if water is withheld for more than a few days
Answer: Z) Z) lichens are prone to desiccation and death if water is withheld for more than a few days
What general class of plant hormones and their synthetic cousins have been used as herbicides such as 2,4-D and Agent Orange?
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In the first step of the proton-proton chain, when two protons come together one of the protons remains as a proton and the other: W) is annihilated X) turns into a neutron Y) turns into a negatron Z) also remains as a proton
W: W) is annihilated
X: X) turns into a neutron
Y: Y) turns into a negatron
Z: Z) also remains as a proton
Answer: X) X) turns into a neutron
In the second step of the proton-proton chain, which of the following occurs: W) a proton combines with deuterium to produce helium-3 and a gamma ray is emitted X) a neutron combines with deuterium to produce helium-3 and a neutrino is emitted Y) a proton combines with deuterium to produce helium-3 and a neutrino ray is emitted Z) a neutron combines with deuterium to produce helium-2 and a positron is emitted
W: W) a proton combines with deuterium to produce helium-3 and a gamma ray is emitted
X: X) a neutron combines with deuterium to produce helium-3 and a neutrino is emitted
Y: Y) a proton combines with deuterium to produce helium-3 and a neutrino ray is emitted
Z: Z) a neutron combines with deuterium to produce helium-2 and a positron is emitted
Answer: W) W) a proton combines with deuterium to produce helium-3 and a gamma ray is emitted
Consider the following reaction, $$\mathrm{N_2(g)} + 3\,\mathrm{H_2(g)} \rightleftharpoons 2\,\mathrm{NH_3(g)},$$ whose ΔH is –91.8 kJ. If the temperature for the reaction is increased, which of the following will occur: W) the concentration of N₂ increases X) the concentration of H₂ decreases Y) the concentration of NH₃ increases Z) the concentration of N₂ decreases
W: W) the concentration of N₂ increases
X: X) the concentration of H₂ decreases
Y: Y) the concentration of NH₃ increases
Z: Z) the concentration of N₂ decreases
Answer: W) W) the concentration of N₂ increases
How many kilopascals of pressure are needed to compress 400 mL of a gas under the conditions of 150 kPa and 400 K, to 600 mL at a new temperature of 200 K?
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Which of the following is MOST closely related to the movement of charge in non-ceramic superconductors: W) charge confinement X) Josephson effect Y) Cooper pairs Z) Hall movement
W: W) charge confinement
X: X) Josephson effect
Y: Y) Cooper pairs
Z: Z) Hall movement
Answer: Y) Y) Cooper pairs
Which of the following is NOT a standard characteristic of a laser: W) coherent beam X) optical gain Y) distinctly identifiable pumping threshold Z) distinctly identifiable pumping turn-off
W: W) coherent beam
X: X) optical gain
Y: Y) distinctly identifiable pumping threshold
Z: Z) distinctly identifiable pumping turn-off
Answer: Z) Z) distinctly identifiable pumping turn-off
Which of the following is the BEST description of photorespiration: W) the process whereby primitive bacteria use light to help oxidize inorganic molecules X) the competition of carbon dioxide and molecular oxygen for Rubisco Y) the gaining of chemical energy in photosynthesis Z) the loss of reduced electrons from photosystem one
W: W) the process whereby primitive bacteria use light to help oxidize inorganic molecules
X: X) the competition of carbon dioxide and molecular oxygen for Rubisco
Y: Y) the gaining of chemical energy in photosynthesis
Z: Z) the loss of reduced electrons from photosystem one
Answer: X) X) the competition of carbon dioxide and molecular oxygen for Rubisco
Name 2 of the following 4 plant types that have the LEAST amount of photorespiration if all are exposed to a bright summer Sun: agave; corn; begonia; tulip
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Give the center point and the vertices of the horizontal axis and vertical axis of the ellipse for the following equation: $$\frac{(x+2)^2}{9} + \frac{(y-1)^2}{16} = 1$$
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Differentiate and simplify the following with respect to \(x\): $$y = \frac{\ln x}{x}$$
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What is the name for the most recent Pleistocene glacial episode in North America?
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A moment magnitude 7 earthquake releases how many times more energy than a moment magnitude 6 earthquake?
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Which of the following is the equivalent of a googolplex: W) \(10^{100}\) X) \(10^{10^{10}}\) Y) \(100^{10^{10}}\) Z) \(10^{1000}\)
W: W) \(10^{100}\)
X: X) \(10^{10^{10}}\)
Y: Y) \(100^{10^{10}}\)
Z: Z) \(10^{1000}\)
Answer: Y) Y) \(100^{10^{10}}\)
Most scientific evidence currently supports the belief that HIV-1 evolved from: W) a rotovirus of monkeys X) a retrovirus of monkeys Y) a simian immunodeficiency virus of chimps Z) a picorna immunodeficiency virus of monkeys
W: W) a rotovirus of monkeys
X: X) a retrovirus of monkeys
Y: Y) a simian immunodeficiency virus of chimps
Z: Z) a picorna immunodeficiency virus of monkeys
Answer: Y) Y) a simian immunodeficiency virus of chimps
Order the following 3 stars from the one that will undergo fusion for the SHORTEST time to the LONGEST: red dwarf; our Sun; large mass O-type star
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If a stellar body’s surface is 5,000 K, what is its peak emission of electromagnetic radiation, in nanometers?
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Predict the shape of a molecule of phosphorus pentafluoride, whereby each phosphorus atom has 5 valence electrons to share with 5 fluorine atoms:
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Give all 3 angles, in degrees, that are present in phosphorus pentafluoride:
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As reported recently in the journal Science, researchers have succeeded in producing a high-efficiency organic LED. They began with a blue emitting system and then added a single color light-emitting phosphor to obtain white light. What was the single color phosphor they used?
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A sphere of radius 1 m contains uniformly distributed charge of charge density \(\rho\). Assuming \(\rho/\varepsilon_0 = 30\) V/m², what is the magnitude of the electric field at a radius of 0.5 m?
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Which 2 of the following 4 hormones play the largest roles in regulating sperm production in humans: luteinizing hormone; estradiol; progesterone; follicle stimulating hormone
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Give the corresponding alternate DNA strand synthesized by reverse transcriptase from the following mRNA triplets: AUA, CAG, ACU, UUC, AUU
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What is the most common term for what Einstein first proposed to operate in empty space, but later rejected as his greatest blunder following Hubble’s discovery of the expansion of the universe?
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Name all of the following 4 particles that are leptons: muon; photon; tau; electron
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