HS Sample Set 11, Round 16 from NSB
Kirchhoff’s loop rule is a consequence of what conservation principle?
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A spacecraft approaches Jupiter head-on for a gravitational slingshot maneuver. Jupiter has an orbital velocity of 13 kilometers per second. If the spacecraft was originally moving at 20 kilometers per second, what is the maximal final speed, in kilometers per second, it can attain?
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What is the distance from the point \((1, 3, 5)\) to the origin?
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Consider an infinite geometric series with sum equal to \(\frac{8}{3}\) and first term \(\frac{7}{5}\). What is the value of the common ratio \(r\) for this series?
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Which of the following organisms possesses cnidocytes? W) Tapeworm X) Jellyfish Y) Starfish Z) Sea cucumber
W: W) Tapeworm
X: X) Jellyfish
Y: Y) Starfish
Z: Z) Sea cucumber
Answer: X) X) Jellyfish
Rank the following four proteins in order of increasing oxygen-binding affinity: 1) Adult hemoglobin at pH 7.4; 2) Fetal hemoglobin; 3) Adult hemoglobin at pH 7.2; 4) Myoglobin.
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Which of the following sources of electricity had the largest increase in capacity in the US between 1990 and 2013? W) Nuclear X) Coal Y) Natural gas Z) Petroleum
W: W) Nuclear
X: X) Coal
Y: Y) Natural gas
Z: Z) Petroleum
Answer: Y) Y) Natural gas
Most lignite is used for what purpose in the US? W) Municipal heating X) Electricity Y) Automobile fuel Z) Liquefaction
W: W) Municipal heating
X: X) Electricity
Y: Y) Automobile fuel
Z: Z) Liquefaction
Answer: X) X) Electricity
Saturn’s rings are mostly composed of which of the following materials? W) Ice X) Silicates Y) Carbonates Z) Iron
W: W) Ice
X: X) Silicates
Y: Y) Carbonates
Z: Z) Iron
Answer: W) W) Ice
The flattening of a protostellar disk in new stars is primarily due to the conservation of what physical quantity?
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Which of the following is not true about early transition metals in comparison to late transition metals? W) Easier to oxidize X) More electropositive Y) Higher oxidation states Z) Larger radii
W: W) Easier to oxidize
X: X) More electropositive
Y: Y) Higher oxidation states
Z: Z) Larger radii
Answer: W) W) Easier to oxidize
Rank the following three hydrogen atoms in terms of increasing \(pK_a\): 1) Hydrogen atom in a water molecule; 2) Hydrogen atom in acetylene; 3) Hydroxyl hydrogen atom in t-butyl alcohol.
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What is the term for cancers that arise in epithelial tissues?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding tendrils in plants: 1) They can only be found in dicot vines; 2) They can be modified stems, leaves, or flower stalks; 3) They are primarily used for climbing.
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What is the minimum number of photons created in an electron-positron annihilation in free space?
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Because of observed neutrino oscillation, what property of the neutrino must be non-zero?
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Consider a single-reactant reaction that has a rate constant equal to \(24\ \text{s}^{-1}\ \text{M}^{-2}\). What is the order of this reaction?
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The Heck coupling is a cross-coupling reaction that treats an aryl halide with what functional group?
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In a triple-elimination tournament, each game is played by two teams, there are no ties, and teams are eliminated when they have lost 3 times. What is the maximum number of games played if 83 teams enter?
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What is the remainder when \(x^6 + 3x^4 - 2x^3 + 7x - 3\) is divided by \(x + 2\)?
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In 1918, the German mathematician Emmy Noether published a theorem that shows that every conservation law has a corresponding symmetry of the system. What dynamical quantity is conserved in a system with rotational symmetry?
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Solid oxide fuel cells can operate at temperatures as high as 1000 °C. This high temperature enables these fuel cells to forgo what costly component of low-temperature fuel cells?
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What is the term for the flame-like jets of gas that can be seen at the edge of the Sun’s disk extending into the chromosphere, dissipating after 5 to 15 minutes?
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The reciprocal of the age of the universe, when converted to kilometers per second per Megaparsec, approximately equals what physical constant?
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In an RLC circuit, the resonance frequency is defined to be at the point at which what quantity is minimized?
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A 50-centimeter-long wire with mass 10 grams is suspended horizontally from a ceiling, parallel to the x-axis. There is a uniform 1-tesla magnetic field oriented in the y direction. Assuming gravity is 10 m/s², what is the magnitude of the current, in amperes to the nearest tenth, that the wire must carry in order to experience no net force?
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Eventually, some stars will begin to fuse helium into carbon. What is the name of this process?
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What is the term for the minimum distance a satellite must orbit from a planetary body without being torn apart by tidal forces? W) Tidal limit X) Roche limit Y) Ring minimum Z) Moon horizon
W: W) Tidal limit
X: X) Roche limit
Y: Y) Ring minimum
Z: Z) Moon horizon
Answer: X) X) Roche limit
Identify all of the following three species that are Lewis acids: 1) Zn²⁺; 2) Cl⁻; 3) BH₃.
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Which of the following statements about a valid wave function is true? W) A wave function must be single-valued X) A wave function must approach infinity as \(r\) approaches zero Y) The spatial integral of wave functions for different orbitals in an atom must be one Z) The integral of the wave function times its own complex conjugate must equal zero
W: W) A wave function must be single-valued
X: X) A wave function must approach infinity as \(r\) approaches zero
Y: Y) The spatial integral of wave functions for different orbitals in an atom must be one
Z: Z) The integral of the wave function times its own complex conjugate must equal zero
Answer: W) W) A wave function must be single-valued
The line with equation \(y = -2x + 5\) is reflected across the y-axis. What is the slope-intercept equation of its image?
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Triangle ABC has all angles with integral degree measures and the measure of angle A equals 5 times the measure of angle B. How many possible degree measures are there for angle C?
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Scientists at Argonne National Lab are using computational chemistry to probe the catalytic properties of iridium oxide nanoparticles. What computational method, descended from Hartree-Fock theory, is most commonly used for quantum mechanical modeling?
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Scientists at Brookhaven National Lab discovered that layering graphene on top of soda-lime glass resulted in a large change in the graphene’s electronic properties. What specific element in the glass was found to be responsible for these changes?
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From what group of organisms are restriction enzymes isolated?
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What storage polysaccharide that is found in animals contains highly branched chains of sugars containing 1,4 and 1,6 linkages?
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What term is given to the layer of an ocean or lake that extends from the surface to the depth at which 99 percent of the surface light has been absorbed?
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What is the name for a cloud that looks like a pouch and often forms hanging down from the underside of the anvil of a cumulonimbus cloud?
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Charged-coupled devices and complementary metal oxide sensors are devices typically used to detect what?
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The resulting kinetic energy of an ejected photo-electron is NOT determined by which of the following? W) Speed of light X) Energy of light Y) Work function of the metal Z) Light intensity
W: W) Speed of light
X: X) Energy of light
Y: Y) Work function of the metal
Z: Z) Light intensity
Answer: Z) Z) Light intensity
Using the point names A, B, C, D, and E, how many different names are there for pentagon ABCDE?
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What is the greatest common divisor of 234 and 2826?
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What is the bond-order of an oxygen-oxygen bond in ozone?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding atomic nuclei: 1) The maximum number of protons in a stable nucleus is 92; 2) Nuclei with excess neutrons become more stable through beta emission; 3) Nuclei with excess protons can become more stable through electron capture.
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What technique would scientists use if they wanted to amplify a small region of DNA?
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MPF, or mitosis promoting factor, is a complex between a CDK and a protein of what class?
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