HS Sample Set 11, Round 12 from NSB

Questions in Packet

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

At which of the following locations on the HR diagram would one find Betelgeuse? W) Top right X) Top left Y) Bottom right Z) Bottom left

W: W) Top right

X: X) Top left

Y: Y) Bottom right

Z: Z) Bottom left

Answer: W) W) Top right

BONUS ess phrase

What are the two main non-oxygen elements in coal combustion products that are responsible for acid rain?

Acceptable Answers:

  • NITROGEN AND SULFUR

TOSS-UP phys multiselect

A car is traveling around a circular track in uniform circular motion. Identify all of the following three quantities that are constant for the car: 1) Angular velocity; 2) Acceleration; 3) Radial velocity.

Choices:

  • Angular velocity
  • Acceleration
  • Radial velocity

Correct Answers:

  • 1

BONUS phys phrase

What is the name of the principle that states that the lowest energy orbitals of an atom are filled before higher energy ones?

Acceptable Answers:

  • AUFBAU PRINCIPLE

TOSS-UP energy phrase

What U.S. university was the site of the first ever sustained nuclear reaction?

Acceptable Answers:

  • UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
  • CHICAGO

BONUS energy phrase

Recent experiments regarding antimatter at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider determined that what fundamental force demonstrates no asymmetry within nuclei?

Acceptable Answers:

  • STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
  • STRONG, STRONG NUCLEAR

TOSS-UP math multiple_choice

Consider the polynomial equation 6x³ – 20x + 15 = 0. According to the rational root theorem, which of the following is NOT a possible rational root of this equation? W) –5 X) 1/3 Y) 1/2 Z) 6/5

W: W) –5

X: X) 1/3

Y: Y) 1/2

Z: Z) 6/5

Answer: Z) Z) 6/5

BONUS math phrase

If the sides of a triangle have lengths 5, 7, and 8, what is the cosine of the largest angle?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 1/7

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

What aspect of a reaction does an enzyme change? W) Free energy X) Entropy Y) Enthalpy Z) Activation energy

W: W) Free energy

X: X) Entropy

Y: Y) Enthalpy

Z: Z) Activation energy

Answer: Z) Z) Activation energy

BONUS bio multiple_choice

What do amoebas use in order to move around? W) Cilia X) Flagella Y) Pseudopodia Z) Asters

W: W) Cilia

X: X) Flagella

Y: Y) Pseudopodia

Z: Z) Asters

Answer: Y) Y) Pseudopodia

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following statements concerning crystal structure is NOT true? W) HCP lattices are more space-filling than FCC lattices X) Cesium chloride lattices form when anions and cations are of roughly equal size Y) Rock-salt lattices have (6,6)-coordination Z) The crystal structure of a metal is dependent on pressure and temperature

W: W) HCP lattices are more space-filling than FCC lattices

X: X) Cesium chloride lattices form when anions and cations are of roughly equal size

Y: Y) Rock-salt lattices have (6,6)-coordination

Z: Z) The crystal structure of a metal is dependent on pressure and temperature

Answer: W) W) HCP lattices are more space-filling than FCC lattices

BONUS chem multiselect

Identify all of the following four species that have a square planar geometry: 1) Sulfur tetrafluoride; 2) Carbon tetrachloride; 3) Xenon tetrafluoride; 4) Iodine tetrabromide anion with a 1– charge.

Choices:

  • Sulfur tetrafluoride
  • Carbon tetrachloride
  • Xenon tetrafluoride
  • Iodine tetrabromide anion with a 1– charge

Correct Answers:

  • 3
  • 4

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Much of the information we have about the center of the Milky Way was collected in the radio wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Which of the following telescopes could be used to make these images? W) Hubble Space Telescope X) Keck Observatory Y) Chandra Observatory Z) Very Large Array

W: W) Hubble Space Telescope

X: X) Keck Observatory

Y: Y) Chandra Observatory

Z: Z) Very Large Array

Answer: Z) Z) Very Large Array

BONUS ess phrase

Ground astronomy must be conducted in wavelengths of light that can pass through Earth’s atmosphere. Aside from visible light, to what other form of electromagnetic radiation is our atmosphere mostly transparent?

Acceptable Answers:

  • RADIO

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Consider the gas-phase decomposition of PCl₅ into PCl₃ and Cl₂. If the reaction begins with 5 atmospheres of PCl₅, and if the partial pressure of chlorine is x atm at equilibrium, which of the following expressions for Kₚ is correct? W) The fraction with numerator x and denominator 5 minus x X) The fraction with numerator x and denominator (5 − x) squared Y) The fraction with numerator x squared and denominator 5 minus x Z) The fraction with numerator x squared and denominator (5 − x) squared

W: W) The fraction with numerator x and denominator 5 minus x

X: X) The fraction with numerator x and denominator (5 − x) squared

Y: Y) The fraction with numerator x squared and denominator 5 minus x

Z: Z) The fraction with numerator x squared and denominator (5 − x) squared

Answer: Y) Y) The fraction with numerator x squared and denominator 5 minus x

BONUS chem phrase

What is the name of the analytic method in chemistry that uses the spin-flip transitions of nuclei to identify the unique electronic bonding environments for a given compound?

Acceptable Answers:

  • NMR
  • NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

TOSS-UP energy multiselect

Identify all of the following three options that would increase the resistance of a wire: 1) Increasing the temperature; 2) Increasing the radius; 3) Increasing the length.

Choices:

  • Increasing the temperature
  • Increasing the radius
  • Increasing the length

Correct Answers:

  • 1
  • 3

BONUS energy phrase

Hydrogen fuel cells use a membrane to separate the electrodes and allow what particles to pass from the anode to the cathode?

Acceptable Answers:

  • PROTONS

TOSS-UP math phrase

If angle ABC is inscribed in a circle and measures 15 degrees, what is the degree measure of arc ABC?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 330

BONUS math phrase

A triangular right prism has each edge of length 10. To the nearest ten, what is its volume?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 430

TOSS-UP energy multiple_choice

What is the typical co-electrolyte in Vanadium redox flow batteries? W) Zinc nitrate X) Sulfuric acid Y) Sodium hydroxide Z) Copper chloride

W: W) Zinc nitrate

X: X) Sulfuric acid

Y: Y) Sodium hydroxide

Z: Z) Copper chloride

Answer: X) X) Sulfuric acid

BONUS energy phrase

Biodiesel produces less particulates, carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, and unburnt carbons than fossil-based diesel. However, biodiesel does result in greater emissions of what ozone-generating pollutant?

Acceptable Answers:

  • NITROUS OXIDES
  • NOX

TOSS-UP bio multiple_choice

Which of the following statements about monocots and dicots is NOT correct? W) Monocots have three holes in their pollen, while dicots only have one X) Monocots have scattered vascular bundles, while dicot bundles are in a ring Y) Monocots lack a pith region in the stem, while dicots have a pith Z) Monocots have parallel venation in their leaves while dicots have netted veins

W: W) Monocots have three holes in their pollen, while dicots only have one

X: X) Monocots have scattered vascular bundles, while dicot bundles are in a ring

Y: Y) Monocots lack a pith region in the stem, while dicots have a pith

Z: Z) Monocots have parallel venation in their leaves while dicots have netted veins

Answer: W) W) Monocots have three holes in their pollen, while dicots only have one

BONUS bio multiple_choice

Which of the following pairs of terms referring to the life cycle of land plants is mismatched with the correct ploidy? W) Megasporangium and diploid X) Sporocyte and diploid Y) Egg and haploid Z) Integument and haploid

W: W) Megasporangium and diploid

X: X) Sporocyte and diploid

Y: Y) Egg and haploid

Z: Z) Integument and haploid

Answer: Z) Z) Integument and haploid

TOSS-UP math phrase

To the nearest whole number, what is the slant height of a right circular cone with radius 6 and height 9?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 11

BONUS math phrase

How many zeros occur at the right of the number of permutations of 100 objects taken 80 at a time?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 5

TOSS-UP bio phrase

What virus causes mononucleosis in humans?

Acceptable Answers:

  • EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

BONUS bio phrase

In a developing root, there are three regions: the region of cell division, the region of cell elongation, and the region of maturation. What external feature of the epidermis allows one to know they have located the region of maturation?

Acceptable Answers:

  • ROOT HAIRS

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

Which variable affecting the speed of sound in the ocean dominates at very large depths? W) Water Pressure X) Salinity Y) Temperature Z) Biologic density

W: W) Water Pressure

X: X) Salinity

Y: Y) Temperature

Z: Z) Biologic density

Answer: W) W) Water Pressure

BONUS ess phrase

Plutinos are Kuiper belt objects whose orbits are locked in a 3-to-2 resonance with what planet?

Acceptable Answers:

  • NEPTUNE

TOSS-UP math phrase

In base 8, what is 6 times 7?

Acceptable Answers:

  • FIVE-TWO

BONUS math phrase

Rounded to the nearest integer, what is the area of a circle of circumference 15?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 18

TOSS-UP phys multiple_choice

A swinging door is opened to +80 degrees, and released. It swings to –40 degrees, then back to +20 degrees and so on before eventually reaching rest at 0 degrees. This oscillatory behavior can be best described as which of the following? W) Underdamped X) Critically damped Y) Overdamped Z) Undamped

W: W) Underdamped

X: X) Critically damped

Y: Y) Overdamped

Z: Z) Undamped

Answer: W) W) Underdamped

BONUS phys phrase

Protons and neutrons are made up of what two quarks?

Acceptable Answers:

  • UP AND DOWN

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following compounds has the highest vapor pressure at 25 degrees Celsius? W) Water X) Ethanol Y) Methanol Z) Diethyl ether

W: W) Water

X: X) Ethanol

Y: Y) Methanol

Z: Z) Diethyl ether

Answer: Z) Z) Diethyl ether

BONUS chem multiselect

Consider the heating of anhydrous solid calcium carbonate to form gaseous CO₂ and solid calcium oxide. Identify all of the following three changes that would shift this reaction to the right: 1) Adding more calcium carbonate; 2) Adding more calcium oxide; 3) Increasing the temperature.

Choices:

  • Adding more calcium carbonate
  • Adding more calcium oxide
  • Increasing the temperature

Correct Answers:

  • 3

TOSS-UP chem multiple_choice

Which of the following correctly explains why oxygen exists in a double-bonded diatomic form whereas sulfur forms S₈ chains? W) Sulfur is too electropositive to form strong pi bonds X) Sulfur's 3p orbitals have less overlap for pi bonding Y) Oxygen is paramagnetic whereas sulfur is diamagnetic Z) Sulfur can expand its valence shell to hold more than eight electrons

W: W) Sulfur is too electropositive to form strong pi bonds

X: X) Sulfur's 3p orbitals have less overlap for pi bonding

Y: Y) Oxygen is paramagnetic whereas sulfur is diamagnetic

Z: Z) Sulfur can expand its valence shell to hold more than eight electrons

Answer: X) X) Sulfur's 3p orbitals have less overlap for pi bonding

BONUS chem multiselect

Identify all of the following three statements that are TRUE concerning carbon monoxide: 1) It is a high-field ligand; 2) It often forms complexes with neutral metal atoms; 3) It is a pi donor ligand.

Choices:

  • It is a high-field ligand
  • It often forms complexes with neutral metal atoms
  • It is a pi donor ligand

Correct Answers:

  • 1

TOSS-UP phys phrase

What compound of uranium in the uranium fuel cycle is polyfluorinated and gaseous?

Acceptable Answers:

  • UF6
  • URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE, HEX

BONUS phys phrase

A square conducting loop that has sides of length 10 centimeters is pulled out of a 5-tesla magnetic field at 1 meter per second. What is the magnitude of the induced EMF, in volts, in the loop while it is leaving the magnetic field?

Acceptable Answers:

  • 0.5

TOSS-UP ess multiple_choice

A necessary conclusion of Hubble's law is that very-distant galaxies are moving away from us at speeds faster than the speed of light. Which of the following correctly explains this observation? W) Hubble's law becomes non-linear for very large distances X) The Hubble constant was originally miscalculated Y) Due to the metric expansion of space, faraway objects can recede from us faster than the speed of light Z) The proper distance to faraway galaxies does not scale linearly with the Hubble constant

W: W) Hubble's law becomes non-linear for very large distances

X: X) The Hubble constant was originally miscalculated

Y: Y) Due to the metric expansion of space, faraway objects can recede from us faster than the speed of light

Z: Z) The proper distance to faraway galaxies does not scale linearly with the Hubble constant

Answer: Y) Y) Due to the metric expansion of space, faraway objects can recede from us faster than the speed of light

BONUS ess multiple_choice

Cosmologists have recently reembraced the cosmological constant as a quantity in the Einstein field equations. Which of the following could be a physical explanation for the cosmological constant? W) Vacuum energy X) Morse energy Y) Cosmic microwave background Z) Dark matter

W: W) Vacuum energy

X: X) Morse energy

Y: Y) Cosmic microwave background

Z: Z) Dark matter

Answer: W) W) Vacuum energy

TOSS-UP phys phrase

How many vibrational degrees of freedom does a linear triatomic gas molecule possess?

Acceptable Answers:

  • FOUR

BONUS phys multiselect

For an ideal gas, identify all of the following 3 properties that, when increased alone, would increase the mean free path of a gas molecule: 1) Pressure; 2) Temperature; 3) Collision area.

Choices:

  • Pressure
  • Temperature
  • Collision area

Correct Answers:

  • 2

TOSS-UP chem multiselect

Identify all of the following three quantities in reaction kinetics that are dimensionless: 1) Rate constant; 2) Steric factor; 3) Collision frequency.

Choices:

  • Rate constant
  • Steric factor
  • Collision frequency

Correct Answers:

  • 2

BONUS chem multiselect

Identify all of the following three changes that would shift the equilibrium of the Haber process to the right: 1) Adding hydrogen gas; 2) Adding an inert gas; 3) Increasing the volume of the container at constant temperature.

Choices:

  • Adding hydrogen gas
  • Adding an inert gas
  • Increasing the volume of the container at constant temperature

Correct Answers:

  • 1