HS Sample Set 2, Round 10 from NSB
Which of the following pairs of animals each possesses a gizzard? W) A bird and an alligator X) A shark and a hippopotamus Y) A bird and an echidna Z) A teleost and a Llama
W: W) A bird and an alligator
X: X) A shark and a hippopotamus
Y: Y) A bird and an echidna
Z: Z) A teleost and a Llama
Answer: W) W) A bird and an alligator
During replication, which of the following enzymes is needed to seal a single phosphodiester bond? W) Ligase X) Phosphatase Y) DNA polymerase Z) Gyrase
W: W) Ligase
X: X) Phosphatase
Y: Y) DNA polymerase
Z: Z) Gyrase
Answer: W) W) Ligase
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 alpha, a fatty acid synthesis regulatory enzyme, functions to carboxylate Acetyl-CoA. What is the name of the newly formed carboxylated product?
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Which of the following protons will appear farthest downfield in the ¹H-NMR spectrum? W) Alkane X) Alkene Y) Alkyne Z) Aromatic
W: W) Alkane
X: X) Alkene
Y: Y) Alkyne
Z: Z) Aromatic
Answer: Z) Z) Aromatic
Factor the following polynomial completely over the real numbers: Raw: 2x^5 − 32x KaTeX: $$2x^5 - 32x$$
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A series is defined recursively. If \($$a_1 = -2\$$) and \($$a_n = 3 + (a_{n-1})^{n-1}\$$), determine the value of \(a_4\).
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Which of the following is NOT correct? W) All planets travel in elliptical orbits with the Sun at the center of the ellipse X) The period of a simple pendulum is independent of the mass of the bob Y) Gravitational force is a conservative force Z) The kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy
W: W) All planets travel in elliptical orbits with the Sun at the center of the ellipse
X: X) The period of a simple pendulum is independent of the mass of the bob
Y: Y) Gravitational force is a conservative force
Z: Z) The kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy
Answer: W) W) All planets travel in elliptical orbits with the Sun at the center of the ellipse
There are crossed electric and magnetic fields given by 5.0×10⁶ N/C in the x direction and 0.5 T in the y direction. A proton traveling in the positive z direction experiences zero resultant force due to these fields. Which of the following is the speed of the proton in m/s? W) 10⁷ X) 2.5×10⁶ Y) 10⁶ Z) 10⁻⁷
W: W) 10⁷
X: X) 2.5×10⁶
Y: Y) 10⁶
Z: Z) 10⁻⁷
Answer: W) W) 10⁷
Due to radar-bright reflections received by the Very Large Array, what substance is believed to exist in polar craters on Mercury?
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Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about the similarities between Earth and Saturn’s largest moon, Titan? W) Both feature liquid lakes and clouds X) Both are sculpted by wind, rain, volcanoes, and tectonic processes Y) Both possess a thick atmosphere Z) Their atmospheres contain very similar nitrogen concentrations
W: W) Both feature liquid lakes and clouds
X: X) Both are sculpted by wind, rain, volcanoes, and tectonic processes
Y: Y) Both possess a thick atmosphere
Z: Z) Their atmospheres contain very similar nitrogen concentrations
Answer: Z) Z) Their atmospheres contain very similar nitrogen concentrations
Which of the following correctly matches the major energy source and fuel for most stars? W) Nuclear fission and hydrogen X) Nuclear fission and helium Y) Nuclear fusion and hydrogen Z) Nuclear fusion and helium
W: W) Nuclear fission and hydrogen
X: X) Nuclear fission and helium
Y: Y) Nuclear fusion and hydrogen
Z: Z) Nuclear fusion and helium
Answer: Y) Y) Nuclear fusion and hydrogen
By number, identify all of the following three statements that correctly indicate advantages of the high-energy phosphate system: 1) It produces energy at a slow rate but for a long duration 2) Its rate of recovery is relatively rapid 3) It can produce large amounts of energy in a short amount of time
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Which of the following animals does NOT belong in the phylum Mollusca? W) Giant squid X) Geoduck Y) Cuttlefish Z) Salp
W: W) Giant squid
X: X) Geoduck
Y: Y) Cuttlefish
Z: Z) Salp
Answer: Z) Z) Salp
In a histological preparation stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, the nucleus, cytoplasm, and collagen would be rendered, respectively, which of the following colors? W) Blue, pink, blue X) Pink, blue, pink Y) Blue, pink, pink Z) Pink, pink, blue
W: W) Blue, pink, blue
X: X) Pink, blue, pink
Y: Y) Blue, pink, pink
Z: Z) Pink, pink, blue
Answer: Y) Y) Blue, pink, pink
An atom of an unknown element has 33 electrons. What is the likely ratio of the numbers of atoms of that element to calcium when in an ionic compound?
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The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can provide the percent dissociation of a weak acid. When the pH is equal to pKa, the weak acid is which of the following? W) 99% dissociated X) 75% dissociated Y) 50% dissociated Z) 25% dissociated
W: W) 99% dissociated
X: X) 75% dissociated
Y: Y) 50% dissociated
Z: Z) 25% dissociated
Answer: Y) Y) 50% dissociated
Solve the following equation for \(x\) on the interval \(0 \le x < 2\pi\): Raw: 4 cos²x − 1 = 0 KaTeX: $$4\cos^2 x - 1 = 0$$
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If \(8^{x+y} = 16\), determine the slope-intercept form of the equation satisfied by points with coordinates \((x,y)\).
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A force of 10 N compresses a spring to 5.0 cm from its equilibrium position. How far in centimeters can a force of 5.0 N stretch the same spring? W) 0.50 X) 2.5 Y) 10.0 Z) 25
W: W) 0.50
X: X) 2.5
Y: Y) 10.0
Z: Z) 25
Answer: X) X) 2.5
A ball is launched straight up with a speed of 30 m/s. Given \(g = 10\text{ m/s}^2\), how far in meters is the ball displaced from its launching point after 4 seconds?
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Which of the following shapes would the pure parallactic motion of a star on the celestial equator describe? W) Ellipse X) Line Y) Circle Z) Parabola
W: W) Ellipse
X: X) Line
Y: Y) Circle
Z: Z) Parabola
Answer: W) W) Ellipse
Approximately which of the following in Kelvin is the surface temperature of a G-type star? W) 2000 X) 4000 Y) 6000 Z) 8000
W: W) 2000
X: X) 4000
Y: Y) 6000
Z: Z) 8000
Answer: Y) Y) 6000
There are over 50,000 known invasive species in North America. Which of the following species is NOT invasive to North America? W) Nutria X) Rosy boa Y) Round goby Z) Zebra mussel
W: W) Nutria
X: X) Rosy boa
Y: Y) Round goby
Z: Z) Zebra mussel
Answer: X) X) Rosy boa
You desire to separate cellular components by homogenization followed by differential centrifugation whereby components separate out based on their coefficient of sedimentation in Svedbergs. Components with larger S values will sediment out first. Arrange the following from highest to lowest S value: 1) mitochondrion; 2) intact cell; 3) endoplasmic reticulum; 4) nucleus
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According to the Clausius inequality, the derivative of entropy is ≥ the derivative of heat divided by temperature. When is the equal case true? W) For an irreversible change X) For a reversible change Y) For temperatures greater than 273 K Z) For temperatures ≤ 273 K
W: W) For an irreversible change
X: X) For a reversible change
Y: Y) For temperatures greater than 273 K
Z: Z) For temperatures ≤ 273 K
Answer: X) X) For a reversible change
Providing your answer in scientific notation, calculate the rate of decomposition in molar per second, using appropriate significant figures, if the concentration difference is 0.10 M over a 20.0 s interval.
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Solve the following expression when \(x = 4\): Raw: \(\bigl(\tfrac{x^3}{9}\bigr)^{-1/2}\) KaTeX: $$\left(\frac{x^3}{9}\right)^{-1/2}$$
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Express the following complex number in simplest \(a+bi\) form: Raw: 5 \(i^{13}\) + 6 \(i^{12}\) – 7 \(i^{10}\) + 3 \(i\) KaTeX: $$5i^{13} + 6i^{12} - 7i^{10} + 3i$$
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A solid sphere, a solid cylinder, and a hoop are rolled down an inclined plane without slipping. Given that they have identical masses and diameters, what object reaches the bottom of the ramp first?
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The ground state energy of the hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV. Which of the following is the energy, in eV, of the second excited state of hydrogen? W) 3.4 X) 1.5 Y) -1.5 Z) -3.4
W: W) 3.4
X: X) 1.5
Y: Y) -1.5
Z: Z) -3.4
Answer: Y) Y) -1.5
What is the only planet in our solar system with a permanent bulge due to tidal forcing?
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Detections of Population III stars are very controversial. It is believed they are difficult to detect because they are which of the following? W) Very short-lived and so can only be seen at high redshifts X) Very low-mass and are therefore very faint Y) Heavily obscured by dust Z) Only visible in millimeter wavelengths
W: W) Very short-lived and so can only be seen at high redshifts
X: X) Very low-mass and are therefore very faint
Y: Y) Heavily obscured by dust
Z: Z) Only visible in millimeter wavelengths
Answer: W) W) Very short-lived and so can only be seen at high redshifts
About how many BTUs does a therm of natural gas have? W) 100,000 X) 1 million Y) 10 million Z) 100 million
W: W) 100,000
X: X) 1 million
Y: Y) 10 million
Z: Z) 100 million
Answer: W) W) 100,000
Given \(h = 6.62\times10^{-34}\) J·s and providing your answer in scientific notation, calculate the number of photons in 6.62 J of radiation energy of frequency \(10^{12}\) Hz.
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Which of the following organisms is NOT matched correctly with its main form of nitrogen excretion? W) Squirrel and urea X) Sparrow and uric acid Y) Planaria and ammonia Z) Land snail and urea
W: W) Squirrel and urea
X: X) Sparrow and uric acid
Y: Y) Planaria and ammonia
Z: Z) Land snail and urea
Answer: Z) Z) Land snail and urea
Sheep serve as a definitive host for sheep liver flukes. What animal serves as the intermediate host?
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When mixed at a molar ratio of 3 to 1, which of the following solution mixtures is a buffer system? W) Hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride X) Acetic acid and sodium hydroxide Y) Potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid Z) Perchloric acid and ammonia
W: W) Hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride
X: X) Acetic acid and sodium hydroxide
Y: Y) Potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid
Z: Z) Perchloric acid and ammonia
Answer: X) X) Acetic acid and sodium hydroxide
Which of the following is NOT true with respect to reaction mechanisms? W) Fast, reversible steps may be present X) Fast, nonreversible steps are never present Y) The elementary reactions sum to give the overall reaction Z) The slow step is sometimes the first step
W: W) Fast, reversible steps may be present
X: X) Fast, nonreversible steps are never present
Y: Y) The elementary reactions sum to give the overall reaction
Z: Z) The slow step is sometimes the first step
Answer: X) X) Fast, nonreversible steps are never present
Providing your answer as a fraction in simplest form, what is the probability of drawing a heart or a king from a standard playing deck of cards?
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If the recursive sequence \(t_1 = 3\) and \(t_n = -5 + 3t_{n-1}\), what is the value of \(t_6\)?
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A glass rod with index of refraction \(n\) is submerged in an oil bath. Which of the following indices should the oil have to render the rod optically invisible? W) Less than \(n\) X) Greater than \(n\) Y) The same as \(n\) Z) None; it’s impossible
W: W) Less than \(n\)
X: X) Greater than \(n\)
Y: Y) The same as \(n\)
Z: Z) None; it’s impossible
Answer: Y) Y) The same as \(n\)
As a planet travels around a star in an elliptical orbit, identify all of the following four quantities related to the planet that are conserved: 1) Angular momentum 2) Total energy 3) Angular velocity 4) Kinetic energy
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Three seconds after the Big Bang, which of the following dominated the energy content of the universe? W) Dark energy X) Baryonic matter Y) Dark matter Z) Radiation
W: W) Dark energy
X: X) Baryonic matter
Y: Y) Dark matter
Z: Z) Radiation
Answer: Z) Z) Radiation
A major problem solved during the 1990s was the solar neutrino problem, in which only one-third the predicted number of neutrinos from the Sun were observed. Which of the following was its resolution? W) Solar astronomers discovered that the solar core is smaller than was thought X) Solar astronomers discovered a new nuclear reaction in the Sun’s core Y) Physicists discovered that neutrino flavors oscillate as they travel from the Sun Z) Neutrino detectors were less sensitive than thought
W: W) Solar astronomers discovered that the solar core is smaller than was thought
X: X) Solar astronomers discovered a new nuclear reaction in the Sun’s core
Y: Y) Physicists discovered that neutrino flavors oscillate as they travel from the Sun
Z: Z) Neutrino detectors were less sensitive than thought
Answer: Y) Y) Physicists discovered that neutrino flavors oscillate as they travel from the Sun
When comparing the amount of food energy taken in to the energy available to do work, about how efficient is a human? W) 15% X) 25% Y) 35% Z) 45%
W: W) 15%
X: X) 25%
Y: Y) 35%
Z: Z) 45%
Answer: X) X) 25%
If a gallon of gasoline costs \$3.50, how much will you save each year if you have a car getting 40 mpg compared to one getting 20 mpg, driving 20,000 miles per year?
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Which of the following exhibits viviparity? W) Salt cedars X) Cord grass Y) Mangroves Z) Eelgrasses
W: W) Salt cedars
X: X) Cord grass
Y: Y) Mangroves
Z: Z) Eelgrasses
Answer: Y) Y) Mangroves
Name all of the following four cell types that are examples of immature red blood cells: 1) Promyelocyte 2) Basophilic erythroblast 3) Pro-eosinophilic cell 4) Normoblast
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A particular molecule of XeF₄ displays 3 IR bands and 3 Raman bands at completely different energies. Based on this information, which of the following is its VSEPR structure? W) Tetrahedral X) Octahedral Y) Square planar Z) See-saw
W: W) Tetrahedral
X: X) Octahedral
Y: Y) Square planar
Z: Z) See-saw
Answer: Y) Y) Square planar
Thirty-two grams of oxygen gas are reacted with 10 grams of hydrogen gas to form water. If all of the oxygen is consumed, how many grams of excess hydrogen remain?
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