HS Sample Set 14, Round 13 from NSB
Scientists at the National Energy Technology Lab recovered pressurized cores from the Gulf of Mexico. When these cores were depressurized, they released what gas trapped on the ocean floor as a hydrate?
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Argonne National Lab researchers are using X-rays from the Advanced Photon Source to study the self-healing properties of nanoparticles. Which of the following techniques are they using to image these particles? W) Atomic force microscopy X) Coherent diffraction imaging Y) Convergent beam electron diffraction Z) Focused ion beam microscopy
W: W) Atomic force microscopy
X: X) Coherent diffraction imaging
Y: Y) Convergent beam electron diffraction
Z: Z) Focused ion beam microscopy
Answer: X) X) Coherent diffraction imaging
What phenomenon occurs when fluids flow up or down thin channels due to the difference between cohesive and adhesive forces between a liquid and another boundary?
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Planet X orbits a star at a distance of 2.5 × 10^7 meters with an orbital period of 4 years. If planet Y orbits the same star with an orbital period of 32 years, in meters and in scientific notation with 2 significant figures, how far is planet Y from the star?
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To the nearest whole number, what is the slant height of a right circular cone with radius 7 and height 6?
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At what x-value does the maximum value of the function f(x) = –2x^3 – 3x^2 + 36x + 9 occur on the closed interval from –8 to 8?
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Diastole and systole correspond to the phases of what organ?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true of starches: 1) In branched glycogen, the branch begins with an alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkage; 2) Amylopectin is more branched than amylose; 3) Cellulose is more branched than glycogen.
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Rank the following three aqueous solutions in terms of increasing electrolyte strength: 1) One-molar sucrose; 2) One-molar hydrochloric acid; 3) One-molar acetic acid.
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Identify all of the following three reagents that can be used to oxidize an alcohol: 1) Potassium permanganate; 2) Chromium trioxide; 3) Sodium borohydride.
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Arkose contains quartz and at least 25 percent of what other mineral group? W) Carbonate X) Feldspar Y) Mica Z) Clay
W: W) Carbonate
X: X) Feldspar
Y: Y) Mica
Z: Z) Clay
Answer: X) X) Feldspar
Which of the following statements is NOT true about Lagrange points associated with two large bodies in orbit? W) Lagrange points are solutions to the general three-body problem X) There can be as many as 6 Lagrange points to describe a system Y) Unstable Lagrange points lie on a straight line Z) There are fewer stable Lagrange points than unstable points
W: W) Lagrange points are solutions to the general three-body problem
X: X) There can be as many as 6 Lagrange points to describe a system
Y: Y) Unstable Lagrange points lie on a straight line
Z: Z) There are fewer stable Lagrange points than unstable points
Answer: X) X) There can be as many as 6 Lagrange points to describe a system
Scientists at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility collide electrons with nuclei, generating particle showers that are measured by detectors. Which of the following particles is likely to be directly measured by a particle detector at Jefferson Lab? W) Bottom quark X) Gluon Y) Z boson Z) Proton
W: W) Bottom quark
X: X) Gluon
Y: Y) Z boson
Z: Z) Proton
Answer: Z) Z) Proton
Scientists at Ames Lab have developed solvent-free techniques to synthesize alkali metal hydrides. Which of the following techniques do they use to unambiguously determine that the hydrogen atoms have bound to the metal? W) Gravimetric analysis X) Infrared spectroscopy Y) UV/Vis spectroscopy Z) Solid-state NMR spectroscopy
W: W) Gravimetric analysis
X: X) Infrared spectroscopy
Y: Y) UV/Vis spectroscopy
Z: Z) Solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Answer: Z) Z) Solid-state NMR spectroscopy
If the definite integral from 2 to 6 of f(x) dx = 26, then what is the definite integral from 2 to 6 of f(x) – 4 dx?
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Rounded to the nearest integer, what is the geometric mean of 6 and 85?
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Which of the following values, in kelvins, is closest to the temperature of the Sun’s photosphere? W) 5,800 X) 8,000 Y) 2,000,000 Z) 15,000,000
W: W) 5,800
X: X) 8,000
Y: Y) 2,000,000
Z: Z) 15,000,000
Answer: W) W) 5,800
Which of the following is the term for a pair of stars that are not physically close to each other but appear as a single star when viewed from Earth? W) Optical double X) Visual double Y) Spectroscopic binary Z) Astrometric binary
W: W) Optical double
X: X) Visual double
Y: Y) Spectroscopic binary
Z: Z) Astrometric binary
Answer: W) W) Optical double
Of what class are sharks and rays members?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true of the circadian clock: 1) It is autonomous; 2) It can be modulated by behavioral cues; 3) It evolved to manage energy use corresponding to the light–dark cycle caused by Earth’s rotation.
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In an ideal gas, the average translational kinetic energy is linearly proportional with what power of the temperature of the gas?
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To the nearest whole hertz, what is the frequency of the second mode of a fixed string of length 0.08 meters, mass 0.125 kilograms, and tension 200 newtons?
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Identify all of the following changes that increase the entropy of the system involved: 1) Dry ice sublimates into gas; 2) Nitrogen is pressurized from 0.01 atmospheres to 1 atmosphere; 3) Sugar is dissolved in a cup of tea.
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What is the monomer used to synthesize teflon?
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In rod cells, what protein is photobleached when exposed to light?
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Several important evolutionary features only evolved once in history. Identify all of the following three features that are known to have evolved a single time: 1) C4 photosynthesis; 2) Amniotic egg; 3) Feathers.
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Scientists at Fermi National Accelerator Lab are attempting to detect WIMPs as a part of the SuperCDMS experiment. WIMPs are particles that are thought to primarily interact with ordinary matter via what two fundamental forces?
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Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Lab are developing methods to engineer the rhizosphere. This is the area of soil that interacts with what part of the plant?
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A stream’s competence is a measure of which of the following? W) Water discharge rate X) Flooding frequency Y) Maximum transportable particle size Z) Erosion rate
W: W) Water discharge rate
X: X) Flooding frequency
Y: Y) Maximum transportable particle size
Z: Z) Erosion rate
Answer: Y) Y) Maximum transportable particle size
A phreatic eruption can occur when magma interacts with what?
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Which of the following capacitor configurations for four identical capacitors would yield the largest stored charge for a given voltage? W) All four capacitors connected in series X) Two parallel branches of two series capacitors Y) Three capacitors in parallel, in series to a fourth Z) All four capacitors connected in parallel
W: W) All four capacitors connected in series
X: X) Two parallel branches of two series capacitors
Y: Y) Three capacitors in parallel, in series to a fourth
Z: Z) All four capacitors connected in parallel
Answer: Z) Z) All four capacitors connected in parallel
Andrew finds a length of ideal rope with finite mass on the ground. He picks up one end by applying a constant force upward. Identify all of the following three statements that are true of this system: 1) Until he has lifted the entire rope off the ground, any given point on the rope has a constant velocity; 2) Until he has lifted the entire rope off the ground, any given point on the rope has a constant acceleration; 3) The total momentum of the rope increases as he pulls on the rope.
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What is the bond order of the diatomic species N₂²⁻?
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Rank the following three nuclides in terms of increasing binding energy per nucleon: 1) Deuterium; 2) Helium-4; 3) Lithium-6.
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The science and chess clubs at a school have a total of 60 students in them. If 37 are in the science club and 28 are in the chess club, how many are in both?
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What is the slope-intercept equation of the oblique asymptote of the function $$f(x) = \frac{2x^2 - 5}{x + 3}$$
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In the lac operon in E. coli, CAP acts as an activator protein. What second messenger must bind to CAP to activate transcription of the DNA?
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John Gurdon studied totipotency by implanting a nucleus from a fully differentiated frog cell into enucleated egg cells. Which of the following best describes what he observed about the egg? W) It continued to divide, but stopped development prior to forming a tadpole X) It continued to divide and developed into a tadpole as normal Y) It did not begin to divide after nucleation Z) It continued to divide, but skipped the tadpole stage and formed a frog
W: W) It continued to divide, but stopped development prior to forming a tadpole
X: X) It continued to divide and developed into a tadpole as normal
Y: Y) It did not begin to divide after nucleation
Z: Z) It continued to divide, but skipped the tadpole stage and formed a frog
Answer: W) W) It continued to divide, but stopped development prior to forming a tadpole
What named pericyclic reaction is classically the reaction of a diene with a dienophile in a single, concerted step?
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Identify all of the following three changes to an organic reaction that would increase its rate constant: 1) Decreasing the energy of the nucleophile HOMO; 2) Decreasing the energy of the electrophile LUMO; 3) Decreasing the overlap between nucleophile HOMO and electrophile LUMO.
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Astronomers sometimes notice that spectral lines can be broadened due to the presence of strong magnetic fields. What is the name for this effect?
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Arrange the following three atmospheric boundaries in order of increasing pressure: 1) Mesopause; 2) Tropopause; 3) Stratopause.
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The line with equation y = 2x – 7 is reflected across the y-axis. What is the slope-intercept equation of its image?
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How many two-digit positive integers have the tens digit strictly less than the ones digit?
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What principle posits the requirement that the laws of physics must be equivalent in all inertial reference frames?
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Consider a relativistic spaceship moving at 0.6 times the speed of light c relative to Earth. If this spaceship fires a particle that moves at 0.6c relative to the spaceship in the same direction as the spaceship, what is the ratio of the particle’s velocity to the speed of light as seen by an observer on Earth?
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