HS Sample Set 6, Round 5 from NSB
What is the degree of the polynomial $(x - 3)^3 (x - 7)^4$?
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If $x$ is an angle such that $\tan(x)=\tfrac{5}{12}$ and $\pi < x < \tfrac{3\pi}{2}$, then $\sec(x)$ is equal to which of the following? W) $-\tfrac{13}{12}$ X) $-\tfrac{13}{5}$ Y) $\tfrac{13}{5}$ Z) $\tfrac{13}{12}$
W: W) $-\tfrac{13}{12}$
X: X) $-\tfrac{13}{5}$
Y: Y) $\tfrac{13}{5}$
Z: Z) $\tfrac{13}{12}$
Answer: W) W) $-\tfrac{13}{12}$
Which of the following describes the bonds found in one molecule of water? W) Hydrogen X) Nonpolar covalent Y) Polar covalent Z) Ionic
W: W) Hydrogen
X: X) Nonpolar covalent
Y: Y) Polar covalent
Z: Z) Ionic
Answer: Y) Y) Polar covalent
Name the stage of translation during which peptide bond formation occurs.
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In a series‐connected string of holiday lights, which of the following is most likely to occur if one bulb gets shorted without breaking the filament? W) All other bulbs will go out X) The current in the string will increase Y) The current in the string will decrease Z) The current in the string will remain unchanged
W: W) All other bulbs will go out
X: X) The current in the string will increase
Y: Y) The current in the string will decrease
Z: Z) The current in the string will remain unchanged
Answer: X) X) The current in the string will increase
If a car goes from zero to 20 meters per second in 8 seconds, what is its average acceleration in meters per second squared (to the nearest tenth)?
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Which of the following is generated from temperature changes in the atmosphere? W) Latent heat X) Sensible heat Y) Potential temperature Z) Irradiated heat
W: W) Latent heat
X: X) Sensible heat
Y: Y) Potential temperature
Z: Z) Irradiated heat
Answer: X) X) Sensible heat
What kind of black hole can be described entirely by its mass?
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Which of the following gases is NOT one of the major causes of the greenhouse effect? W) Carbon dioxide X) Nitrous oxide Y) Methane Z) Carbon monoxide
W: W) Carbon dioxide
X: X) Nitrous oxide
Y: Y) Methane
Z: Z) Carbon monoxide
Answer: Z) Z) Carbon monoxide
In a titration, 6.0 mL of a 0.05 M monoprotic weak acid are titrated with 0.10 M NaOH. How many milliliters of base are required to reach the half‐equivalence point?
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Which of the following is NOT an even function? W) $\cos x$ X) $\cos(x^2)$ Y) $\sin x$ Z) $\sin(x^2)$
W: W) $\cos x$
X: X) $\cos(x^2)$
Y: Y) $\sin x$
Z: Z) $\sin(x^2)$
Answer: Y) Y) $\sin x$
Given real $x$ and $y$, solve for $x$ and $y$: $$2y + i\,x = 4 + x - i.$$
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Which taxonomic kingdom of organisms has cell walls of chitin?
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Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium assumes allele frequencies are stable. Which condition would most contribute to this stability? W) Very large population X) Migration of individuals Y) Mutations Z) Natural selection
W: W) Very large population
X: X) Migration of individuals
Y: Y) Mutations
Z: Z) Natural selection
Answer: W) W) Very large population
Which of the following energy resources is the most energy-efficient, meaning very little energy created is transferred to the surroundings unused? W) Coal X) Biofuel Y) Oil Z) Hydrogen fuel cells
W: W) Coal
X: X) Biofuel
Y: Y) Oil
Z: Z) Hydrogen fuel cells
Answer: Z) Z) Hydrogen fuel cells
Which of the following is true about pure biodiesel (B100)? W) B100 has higher CO₂ emissions than petrodiesel X) B100 is more toxic than petrodiesel Y) Glycerin is a key byproduct of biodiesel production Z) B100 contains a small amount of petroleum
W: W) B100 has higher CO₂ emissions than petrodiesel
X: X) B100 is more toxic than petrodiesel
Y: Y) Glycerin is a key byproduct of biodiesel production
Z: Z) B100 contains a small amount of petroleum
Answer: Y) Y) Glycerin is a key byproduct of biodiesel production
An object of mass $m$ sits on a flat table. Earth pulls on it with force $mg$. Which of the following is the corresponding reaction force? W) The table pushing down on the floor with force $mg$ X) The object pushing down on the table with force $mg$ Y) The object pulling upward on the Earth with force $mg$ Z) The table pushing up on the object with force $mg$
W: W) The table pushing down on the floor with force $mg$
X: X) The object pushing down on the table with force $mg$
Y: Y) The object pulling upward on the Earth with force $mg$
Z: Z) The table pushing up on the object with force $mg$
Answer: Y) Y) The object pulling upward on the Earth with force $mg$
A projectile fired at $45^\circ$ reaches its maximum height. What are the magnitude and direction of its acceleration at that point?
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What is the term for hygroscopic atmospheric particles that are precursors to clouds? W) Stratospheric aerosols X) Cloud condensation nuclei Y) Aqueous particles Z) Stratospheric condensation nuclei
W: W) Stratospheric aerosols
X: X) Cloud condensation nuclei
Y: Y) Aqueous particles
Z: Z) Stratospheric condensation nuclei
Answer: X) X) Cloud condensation nuclei
Which does the Moon’s far side have in greater quantity than the near side? W) Maria X) Regolith Y) Impact craters Z) Aurora
W: W) Maria
X: X) Regolith
Y: Y) Impact craters
Z: Z) Aurora
Answer: Y) Y) Impact craters
Which adjective describes the reaction of a strong base with a strong acid? W) Precipitation X) Synthesis Y) Redox Z) Neutralization
W: W) Precipitation
X: X) Synthesis
Y: Y) Redox
Z: Z) Neutralization
Answer: Z) Z) Neutralization
Which of the following is NOT a strong acid? W) Nitric acid X) Perchloric acid Y) Formic acid Z) Hydroiodic acid
W: W) Nitric acid
X: X) Perchloric acid
Y: Y) Formic acid
Z: Z) Hydroiodic acid
Answer: Y) Y) Formic acid
For ions or polar molecules to cross a plasma membrane in passive transport, they must move in which way? W) Down an electrochemical gradient X) Up an electrochemical gradient Y) Through a pump Z) With a chaperone molecule
W: W) Down an electrochemical gradient
X: X) Up an electrochemical gradient
Y: Y) Through a pump
Z: Z) With a chaperone molecule
Answer: W) W) Down an electrochemical gradient
Symmetry in animal taxonomy describes which of the following? W) How the animals are related X) Similarities in anatomy of different species Y) Patterns of animal behavior Z) How the parts of an animal are arranged around a point or axis
W: W) How the animals are related
X: X) Similarities in anatomy of different species
Y: Y) Patterns of animal behavior
Z: Z) How the parts of an animal are arranged around a point or axis
Answer: Z) Z) How the parts of an animal are arranged around a point or axis
Construction of habitable structures on the Moon hinges on the discovery of which vital resource? W) Carbon X) Helium Y) Water Z) Iron
W: W) Carbon
X: X) Helium
Y: Y) Water
Z: Z) Iron
Answer: Y) Y) Water
The Sun’s magnetic field extends to at least which of the following? W) 0.5 au X) Neptune Y) Pluto Z) Asteroid belt
W: W) 0.5 au
X: X) Neptune
Y: Y) Pluto
Z: Z) Asteroid belt
Answer: Y) Y) Pluto
What are the solutions to $x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0$?
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Find an equation of the graph resulting from reflecting $y=\sqrt{x}$ over the $y$-axis and then shifting it 3 units to the left.
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What disease occurs when blood-vessel walls harden and blood passage is decreased or fully blocked?
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Name the fat-soluble vitamin that is a component of visual pigments in vertebrates.
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Which of the following statements about coal is true? W) Over 50% of the coal mined in the United States is bituminous X) Lignite has the highest energy content of all coal varieties Y) Anthracite contains approximately 25% carbon Z) Lignite has a very low moisture content
W: W) Over 50% of the coal mined in the United States is bituminous
X: X) Lignite has the highest energy content of all coal varieties
Y: Y) Anthracite contains approximately 25% carbon
Z: Z) Lignite has a very low moisture content
Answer: W) W) Over 50% of the coal mined in the United States is bituminous
The U.S. uses two types of commercial nuclear power plants: BWRs and PWRs. What does BWR stand for?
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What is the mathematical relationship between the period of a wave and its frequency?
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If a radio station broadcasts with a wavelength of 2.5 m, what is its frequency in megahertz (take $c=3\times10^8$ m/s)?
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Which of the following is true of galaxies that are more distant from us? W) They are moving away faster X) They are expanding more Y) They are generally larger Z) They possess more heavy elements
W: W) They are moving away faster
X: X) They are expanding more
Y: Y) They are generally larger
Z: Z) They possess more heavy elements
Answer: W) W) They are moving away faster
The Sun has nearly completed half its main-sequence lifetime. What will occur next? W) White dwarf X) Red giant Y) Pulsar Z) Neutron star
W: W) White dwarf
X: X) Red giant
Y: Y) Pulsar
Z: Z) Neutron star
Answer: X) X) Red giant
When baking cupcakes, baking soda produces what gas that causes the batter to rise?
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What is the conjugate acid of the acetate ion?
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Convert $420^\circ$ to radians as an improper fraction in terms of $\pi$.
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The midpoint of segment AB is $(1.5,\,-3)$. If $A=(7,-5)$, what is $B$?
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What biome is characterized by dense evergreen shrubs and small trees, usually in the Mediterranean region?
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Which of the following processes is MOST under the influence of prolactin? W) Growth and maturation of the uterine lining X) Lactation Y) Follicular maturation in the ovaries Z) Stimulation of uterine contractions
W: W) Growth and maturation of the uterine lining
X: X) Lactation
Y: Y) Follicular maturation in the ovaries
Z: Z) Stimulation of uterine contractions
Answer: X) X) Lactation
Which of the following is an example of a secondary energy source? W) Coal X) Electricity Y) Solar Z) Nuclear
W: W) Coal
X: X) Electricity
Y: Y) Solar
Z: Z) Nuclear
Answer: X) X) Electricity
A water heater uses 4 kW for 8 hours. At \$0.10 per kWh, to the nearest cent, how much does it cost to operate?
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A massless rod of length $R$ holds a sphere of charge $-Q$ and mass $m$ horizontally via a hinge. Which electric field $\mathbf{E}$ is required to maintain the horizontal position? W) $\tfrac{mg}{Q}$, down X) $\tfrac{mg}{Q}$, up Y) $\tfrac{mgQ}{R}$, down Z) $\tfrac{mgR}{Q}$, up
W: W) $\tfrac{mg}{Q}$, down
X: X) $\tfrac{mg}{Q}$, up
Y: Y) $\tfrac{mgQ}{R}$, down
Z: Z) $\tfrac{mgR}{Q}$, up
Answer: W) W) $\tfrac{mg}{Q}$, down
Most terrestrially available helium comes from which source? W) Nuclear fusion reactors X) A by‐product of nuclear fission Y) Harvested from the ionosphere Z) Radioactive decay of heavier elements
W: W) Nuclear fusion reactors
X: X) A by‐product of nuclear fission
Y: Y) Harvested from the ionosphere
Z: Z) Radioactive decay of heavier elements
Answer: Z) Z) Radioactive decay of heavier elements
In the reaction $$2\mathrm{Ag}^+ + \mathrm{Cu} \to 2\mathrm{Ag} + \mathrm{Cu}^{2+},$$ what is the reducing agent?
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Reducing CO₂ to CO is difficult chiefly because: W) There is a limited supply of rhenium in the world X) Not all steps of the reduction are known Y) The final step takes an extremely long time Z) The CO₂ is too difficult to harness
W: W) There is a limited supply of rhenium in the world
X: X) Not all steps of the reduction are known
Y: Y) The final step takes an extremely long time
Z: Z) The CO₂ is too difficult to harness
Answer: W) W) There is a limited supply of rhenium in the world
Compared to felsic igneous rocks, mafic igneous rocks contain greater amounts of which element? W) Iron X) Aluminum Y) Potassium Z) Silicon
W: W) Iron
X: X) Aluminum
Y: Y) Potassium
Z: Z) Silicon
Answer: W) W) Iron
Name the components that create the two distinct tails of a comet.
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