HS Sample Set 5, Round 7 from NSB
What is the general name of an instrument designed to observe the extremely faint emissions from the region around the Sun in the absence of a solar eclipse?
Acceptable Answers:
What climate proxy can paleoclimate researchers use to provide an uninterrupted climate record extending back hundreds of thousands of years, including information such as temperature, precipitation, chemistry, volcanic eruptions, and other climate indicators?
Acceptable Answers:
The pressure of an ideal gas is kept constant while the volume of the gas is increased from 2 cubic meters to 6 cubic meters. If the initial temperature is 17 °Celsius, find the final temperature in Kelvin to the nearest integer.
Acceptable Answers:
By number, identify all of the following four groups of physical quantities that have the same units: 1) electric flux, electric field, and electric dipole moment; 2) heat, potential energy, and work; 3) pressure, stress, and Young’s modulus; 4) electromotive force, potential difference, and electric voltage.
Choices:
Correct Answers:
What is the name of unsorted sediment that is directly deposited by glaciers?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the name for hygroscopic atmospheric particles on which water vapor condenses to form clouds?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using liquefied petroleum gas in vehicles instead of conventional gasoline? W) It produces fewer toxic and smog-forming air pollutants X) Most liquefied petroleum gas comes from domestic sources Y) It is less expensive than gasoline Z) It gets more miles per tank of fuel than conventional gasoline
W: W) It produces fewer toxic and smog-forming air pollutants
X: X) Most liquefied petroleum gas comes from domestic sources
Y: Y) It is less expensive than gasoline
Z: Z) It gets more miles per tank of fuel than conventional gasoline
Answer: Z) Z) It gets more miles per tank of fuel than conventional gasoline
Given the reaction $$\mathrm{C_3H_8(g) + 5O_2(g) \rightarrow 4H_2O(l) + 3CO_2(g)}$$ occurs at room temperature with a change in enthalpy of –290 000 J and change in entropy of –110 J/K, what is ΔG in joules for this reaction and is the reaction spontaneous?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following BEST describes the syndrome that manifests itself in starving children as swollen distended abdomens, spindly arms, and edema in the face, hands, and feet resulting from the catabolism of muscle and blood proteins? W) Malnutrition primus X) Beri Beri Y) Kwashiorkor Z) Emaciation
W: W) Malnutrition primus
X: X) Beri Beri
Y: Y) Kwashiorkor
Z: Z) Emaciation
Answer: Y) Y) Kwashiorkor
Which disease-causing agent is NOT correctly matched to the disease it causes? W) Plasmodium falciparum – Dengue hemorrhagic fever X) Rickettsia rickettsii – Rocky Mountain spotted fever Y) Borrelia burgdorferi – Lyme disease Z) Trypanosoma brucei – Human African sleeping sickness
W: W) Plasmodium falciparum – Dengue hemorrhagic fever
X: X) Rickettsia rickettsii – Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Y: Y) Borrelia burgdorferi – Lyme disease
Z: Z) Trypanosoma brucei – Human African sleeping sickness
Answer: W) W) Plasmodium falciparum – Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Which of the following is NOT true about the function \(y = |x|\)? W) It is symmetric around the y-axis X) The derivative of the function does not exist at \(x = 0\) Y) It is monotonic Z) The integral of the function over the real line is unbounded
W: W) It is symmetric around the y-axis
X: X) The derivative of the function does not exist at \(x = 0\)
Y: Y) It is monotonic
Z: Z) The integral of the function over the real line is unbounded
Answer: Y) Y) It is monotonic
Suppose that \(g\) is the inverse function of \(f\), \(f(-1) = 2\), and \(f'(-1) = -2\). Find \(g'(2)\).
Acceptable Answers:
Aposematic coloration allows an organism to signal which of the following? W) Readiness to mate X) Territoriality Y) Noxious taste Z) Darwinian fitness
W: W) Readiness to mate
X: X) Territoriality
Y: Y) Noxious taste
Z: Z) Darwinian fitness
Answer: Y) Y) Noxious taste
Which of the following is NOT true regarding human hemoglobin? W) It is a tetramer X) It exhibits binding cooperativity Y) It exhibits a sigmoidal saturation curve Z) It exhibits higher affinity for oxygen than myoglobin
W: W) It is a tetramer
X: X) It exhibits binding cooperativity
Y: Y) It exhibits a sigmoidal saturation curve
Z: Z) It exhibits higher affinity for oxygen than myoglobin
Answer: Z) Z) It exhibits higher affinity for oxygen than myoglobin
According to Betz’s Law, wind turbines cannot capture more than what approximate percentage of the kinetic energy present in wind? W) 29 X) 39 Y) 49 Z) 59
W: W) 29
X: X) 39
Y: Y) 49
Z: Z) 59
Answer: Z) Z) 59
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of vertical axis wind turbines as compared to horizontal axis wind turbines? W) They can catch the wind from all directions X) They can catch the wind at lower wind speeds Y) They are typically more efficient at converting wind energy into electricity Z) They are more suited to urban environments
W: W) They can catch the wind from all directions
X: X) They can catch the wind at lower wind speeds
Y: Y) They are typically more efficient at converting wind energy into electricity
Z: Z) They are more suited to urban environments
Answer: Y) Y) They are typically more efficient at converting wind energy into electricity
By name or number, identify how antimatter interacts gravitationally with ordinary matter: 1) it is attracted, 2) it is repelled, or 3) there is no interaction.
Acceptable Answers:
A solid conducting sphere with a radius of 5 cm has a charge of 5 μC. Given Coulomb’s constant \(k=9.0\times10^9\) N·m²/C², what is the magnitude of the electric field in N/C at a distance of 5 cm from the surface of the sphere?
Acceptable Answers:
By name or number, identify all of the following four animals that are ectotherms: 1) turtles, 2) goldfish, 3) otters, 4) beetles.
Choices:
Correct Answers:
Which of the following are NOT correctly matched to their function? W) Denitrifying bacteria: convert nitrates to gaseous nitrogen X) Nitrogen fixing bacteria: convert gaseous nitrogen to ammonia Y) Nitrosofying bacteria: convert ammonia to nitrates Z) Nitrifying bacteria: convert nitrites to nitrates
W: W) Denitrifying bacteria: convert nitrates to gaseous nitrogen
X: X) Nitrogen fixing bacteria: convert gaseous nitrogen to ammonia
Y: Y) Nitrosofying bacteria: convert ammonia to nitrates
Z: Z) Nitrifying bacteria: convert nitrites to nitrates
Answer: Y) Y) Nitrosofying bacteria: convert ammonia to nitrates
Which of the following is NOT a property of the normal p.d.f.? W) The p.d.f. is symmetric X) The p.d.f. has two inflection points Y) The variance has to be positive Z) The domain of the p.d.f. is non-negative real numbers
W: W) The p.d.f. is symmetric
X: X) The p.d.f. has two inflection points
Y: Y) The variance has to be positive
Z: Z) The domain of the p.d.f. is non-negative real numbers
Answer: Z) Z) The domain of the p.d.f. is non-negative real numbers
If \(f(x)=2x-1\) and \(g(x)=6+2x-x^2\), what is the standard polynomial form for \(g(f(x))\)?
Acceptable Answers:
In scientific notation, one attojoule is equal to how many joules?
Acceptable Answers:
What is the IUPAC name of the compound PbCO₃?
Acceptable Answers:
DO NOT ACCEPT:
Which of the following is the number two killer among thunderstorm hazards? W) Large hail X) Lightning Y) Flash flooding Z) Tornadoes
W: W) Large hail
X: X) Lightning
Y: Y) Flash flooding
Z: Z) Tornadoes
Answer: X) X) Lightning
According to records kept since 1897, the all-time record snow depth in the U.S. was 451 inches in 1911. In which state did this record occur?
Acceptable Answers:
Reduction involves which of the following? W) Gain of electrons and increase in oxidation number X) Loss of electrons and increase in oxidation number Y) Gain of electrons and decrease in oxidation number Z) Loss of electrons and decrease in oxidation number
W: W) Gain of electrons and increase in oxidation number
X: X) Loss of electrons and increase in oxidation number
Y: Y) Gain of electrons and decrease in oxidation number
Z: Z) Loss of electrons and decrease in oxidation number
Answer: Y) Y) Gain of electrons and decrease in oxidation number
By number, identify all of the following four statements that are TRUE: 1) Liquids with large intermolecular forces tend to have very low boiling points 2) Liquids with large intermolecular forces tend to have considerable surface tension 3) Ethanol has a higher boiling point than methanol 4) The hardness of diamond is due to strong van der Waals forces
Choices:
Correct Answers:
Which of the following BEST describes how annelids use their hydrostatic skeleton for locomotion? W) Each body segment is walled off, allowing body fluids to be compressed or expanded by its muscles X) Each body segment has small holes allowing only small amounts of liquid to move at one time Y) All body segments are connected, and the muscles contract and release to move the fluid around the worm’s body, creating aqueous motion Z) Anterior body segments are connected but walled off from posterior segments. Muscles control body fluid movement bilaterally
W: W) Each body segment is walled off, allowing body fluids to be compressed or expanded by its muscles
X: X) Each body segment has small holes allowing only small amounts of liquid to move at one time
Y: Y) All body segments are connected, and the muscles contract and release to move the fluid around the worm’s body, creating aqueous motion
Z: Z) Anterior body segments are connected but walled off from posterior segments. Muscles control body fluid movement bilaterally
Answer: W) W) Each body segment is walled off, allowing body fluids to be compressed or expanded by its muscles
How many pairs of chromosomes does a fruit fly have?
Acceptable Answers:
Which of the following is TRUE about the solubility of a gas in water? W) It increases as both temperature and partial pressure of the gas rise X) It increases as temperature rises but decreases as partial pressure of the gas rises Y) It decreases as temperature rises but increases as partial pressure of the gas rises Z) It decreases as both temperature and partial pressure of the gas rise
W: W) It increases as both temperature and partial pressure of the gas rise
X: X) It increases as temperature rises but decreases as partial pressure of the gas rises
Y: Y) It decreases as temperature rises but increases as partial pressure of the gas rises
Z: Z) It decreases as both temperature and partial pressure of the gas rise
Answer: Y) Y) It decreases as temperature rises but increases as partial pressure of the gas rises
Plastics with the recycling symbols of 2 and 4, such as those used to make plastic bags, are produced from what monomer?
Acceptable Answers:
In how many different ways can a president, vice president, and secretary be elected in a club of 10 members if no one may hold more than one office?
Acceptable Answers:
Assuming that \(\log 2 = 0.7\) and \(\log 3 = 1.1\), find the value of \(\log 72\) to the nearest tenth.
Acceptable Answers:
A person spearfishing from the shore sees a fish located 3 meters from the shore at an approximate depth of 1 meter. To spear the fish, the person should aim in which of the following directions? W) Directly at the fish’s image X) Above the fish’s image Y) Below the fish’s image Z) Behind the fish’s image
W: W) Directly at the fish’s image
X: X) Above the fish’s image
Y: Y) Below the fish’s image
Z: Z) Behind the fish’s image
Answer: Y) Y) Below the fish’s image
Once a rocket’s fuel runs out, it coasts upwards for another 50 kilometers before falling back to Earth. Given \(g = 10\) m/s², what was the rocket’s vertical velocity in m/s the moment the fuel ran out?
Acceptable Answers:
Nematocysts are typically found in which of the following groups? W) Cnidarians X) Flatworms Y) Roundworms Z) Echinoderms
W: W) Cnidarians
X: X) Flatworms
Y: Y) Roundworms
Z: Z) Echinoderms
Answer: W) W) Cnidarians
Which of the following does not occur in the tertiary structure of a protein? W) Glycosidic linkages X) Disulfide bridges Y) Hydrophobic interactions Z) Ionic bonds
W: W) Glycosidic linkages
X: X) Disulfide bridges
Y: Y) Hydrophobic interactions
Z: Z) Ionic bonds
Answer: W) W) Glycosidic linkages
Which of the following statements is usually TRUE about an unsaturated fatty acid? W) It is from vegetable sources and is solid at room temperature X) It is from vegetable sources and is liquid at room temperature Y) It is from animal sources and is solid at room temperature Z) It is from animal sources and is liquid at room temperature
W: W) It is from vegetable sources and is solid at room temperature
X: X) It is from vegetable sources and is liquid at room temperature
Y: Y) It is from animal sources and is solid at room temperature
Z: Z) It is from animal sources and is liquid at room temperature
Answer: X) X) It is from vegetable sources and is liquid at room temperature
Making biodiesels is a transesterification reaction. Which of the following represents the product(s) of this reaction? W) Phosphodiesters and glycerol X) Fatty acid esters and glycerol Y) Fatty acids and alcohol Z) Acetyl-ethyl ester
W: W) Phosphodiesters and glycerol
X: X) Fatty acid esters and glycerol
Y: Y) Fatty acids and alcohol
Z: Z) Acetyl-ethyl ester
Answer: X) X) Fatty acid esters and glycerol
A ball is thrown vertically upward. Assuming that up is positive, which of the following pairs best describes its velocity and acceleration, respectively, at its highest point? W) Negative, negative X) Zero, negative Y) Negative, zero Z) Zero, zero
W: W) Negative, negative
X: X) Zero, negative
Y: Y) Negative, zero
Z: Z) Zero, zero
Answer: X) X) Zero, negative
If an earplug decreases the sound level of sound waves by 20 dB, what is the ratio of the final intensity of the waves to their initial intensity? (to the nearest hundredth)
Acceptable Answers:
Evidence of past climate conditions is best reviewed by studying which of the following? W) Modern ocean chemistry X) Metal sulfides Y) Mid-ocean ridges Z) Deep sea sediments
W: W) Modern ocean chemistry
X: X) Metal sulfides
Y: Y) Mid-ocean ridges
Z: Z) Deep sea sediments
Answer: Z) Z) Deep sea sediments
By number, identify all of the following five choices that will allow greater resolution for a radio telescope: 1) lower noise temperature 2) larger diameter 3) longer baseline 4) adaptive optics system 5) larger brightness temperature of the source
Choices:
Correct Answers:
A worker pushes a crate across the floor with a force of 50 N for a distance of 10 m. If a frictional force of 20 N acts on the crate, what is the net work, in joules, done on the crate?
Acceptable Answers:
A horizontal force of 200 N is used to push a 50 kg box 10 m across a floor at constant speed. Given \(g=9.8\) m/s², what is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the floor? (to the nearest hundredth)
Acceptable Answers:
To reduce total energy consumption in the home, in which of the following locations should insulation with the highest R-value be installed? W) Walls X) Attic Y) Crawlspace Z) Kitchen
W: W) Walls
X: X) Attic
Y: Y) Crawlspace
Z: Z) Kitchen
Answer: X) X) Attic
An electronic device operates on a 1.5 V battery with a resistance of 10 Ω. If the initial capacity of this battery is 1400 mAh, for how many hours of continuous use could this device operate? (to the nearest tenth)
Acceptable Answers:
If a family has 5 children, what is the probability that there are 4 girls and 1 boy?
Acceptable Answers:
Find the following quotient of complex numbers: \((4 + i)/(1 – 2i)\).
Acceptable Answers: