HS Sample Set 12, Round 10 from NSB
Steven plots temperature versus time as he heats water while adding energy at a constant rate. Which of the following statements best explains why the heating curve reaches a plateau at 100 °C? W) Energy is required to decrease the entropy of the water X) Energy is required to decrease the enthalpy of the water Y) Energy is required to break the hydrogen–oxygen bonds in water Z) Energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules
W: W) Energy is required to decrease the entropy of the water
X: X) Energy is required to decrease the enthalpy of the water
Y: Y) Energy is required to break the hydrogen–oxygen bonds in water
Z: Z) Energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules
Answer: Z) Z) Energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules
How many distinct carbon signals are in the ¹³C NMR spectrum for ethyl isobutyl ether, also known as 1-ethoxy-2-methylpropane?
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How many chambers are in a fish heart?
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Identify all of the following three types of plants for which the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the plant life cycle: 1) Mosses; 2) Ferns; 3) Gymnosperms
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Electric eels can generate a 500-volt potential difference that they use to stun their prey. If the potential difference is generated by a network of cells all connected in series, each of which can generate a 100-millivolt potential difference, how many cells are required to generate the total voltage?
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An ideal gas expands from 5 L to 10 L against a constant pressure of 2.5 bar. In joules, how much work is done by the gas during the expansion?
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Scientists at Fermilab participate in the NOvA collaboration to understand the physics of neutrinos. One of their many projects is to understand the differences between the three flavor states of neutrinos. What are these three types?
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Argonne National Lab researchers are researching materials capable of processing information using multivalued logic. One class of materials of interest are perovskite films that change their electrical polarization in the presence of an external electric field. What is the term for this phenomenon?
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In the conversion of the rectangular coordinates (–5, 12) to polar coordinates, to the nearest whole number, what is the degree measure of the angle? W) 113 X) 157 Y) 293 Z) 337
W: W) 113
X: X) 157
Y: Y) 293
Z: Z) 337
Answer: W) W) 113
Express the fraction with numerator 1 – 4i and denominator 3 + i in standard a + bi form.
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Relative to continental land masses, tropical cyclones typically occur to which cardinal direction?
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The Cretaceous quiet zone was a period of time during the Cretaceous Period marked by a long period of lack of change in what?
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Abigail steps on a bathroom scale and notes that the internal spring has compressed 1 cm from her 220-newton weight. How much work, in joules, has she done in compressing the spring on the scale?
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By what factor is the resonant frequency of an LC circuit multiplied if the inductor is replaced by one with 4 times as many turns?
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With respect to x, which of the following has –8x³ as an antiderivative? W) –24x² X) 24x² Y) –2x⁴ Z) 2x⁴
W: W) –24x²
X: X) 24x²
Y: Y) –2x⁴
Z: Z) 2x⁴
Answer: W) W) –24x²
The terminal side of an angle in standard position passes through the point (–8, –15). Find the sine and tangent, respectively, of the angle.
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In a tree, older, nonfunctioning xylem is called what? W) Springwood X) Sapwood Y) Summerwood Z) Heartwood
W: W) Springwood
X: X) Sapwood
Y: Y) Summerwood
Z: Z) Heartwood
Answer: Z) Z) Heartwood
Which of the following statements about stomata in plants is NOT correct? W) Stomata are primarily located in leaf and stem tissue X) Stomata allow carbon dioxide, but not oxygen, to pass through the leaf Y) In CAM plants, stomata are closed during the day Z) Stoma are regulated by guard cells on either side of the pore
W: W) Stomata are primarily located in leaf and stem tissue
X: X) Stomata allow carbon dioxide, but not oxygen, to pass through the leaf
Y: Y) In CAM plants, stomata are closed during the day
Z: Z) Stoma are regulated by guard cells on either side of the pore
Answer: X) X) Stomata allow carbon dioxide, but not oxygen, to pass through the leaf
Scientists at the Oak Ridge Titan supercomputer are simulating the interaction of electrons and lattice vibrations in copper-oxide materials. What property of these materials are they studying?
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The NOvA collaboration is performing an experiment in which neutrinos generated at Fermilab are sent to a detector 500 miles away in Minnesota. Which of the following best describes how the neutrinos travel between these facilities? W) Neutrinos travel on a curved path over the surface of the Earth X) Neutrinos oscillate, preventing them from traveling in straight lines Y) Neutrinos interact very little with matter, enabling them to travel through the ground Z) Neutrinos are reflected off the stratosphere
W: W) Neutrinos travel on a curved path over the surface of the Earth
X: X) Neutrinos oscillate, preventing them from traveling in straight lines
Y: Y) Neutrinos interact very little with matter, enabling them to travel through the ground
Z: Z) Neutrinos are reflected off the stratosphere
Answer: Y) Y) Neutrinos interact very little with matter, enabling them to travel through the ground
Which of these is not an example of a Milankovich cycle? W) Shifting tilt of the Earth’s axis X) Axial “wobble” Y) Sunspot cycle Z) Change in shape of orbit
W: W) Shifting tilt of the Earth’s axis
X: X) Axial “wobble”
Y: Y) Sunspot cycle
Z: Z) Change in shape of orbit
Answer: Y) Y) Sunspot cycle
Identify all of the following three statements that are true of binary star systems: 1) It is impossible to tell if a given star is actually an astrometric binary; 2) For a visual binary, the masses of both stars can be determined; 3) For a spectroscopic binary, the semimajor axis can be determined.
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What is the systematic name of tert-butyl chloride?
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Identify all of the following three compounds that can be considered soluble in water: 1) Ammonium chloride; 2) Silver bromide; 3) Lead (II) sulfate.
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A special coin has a 1/3 probability of landing on heads, and a 2/3 probability of landing on tails. In a series of three coin flips, what is the probability of the outcome sequence heads, tails, tails?
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The perimeters of two squares differ by 16 inches and their areas differ by 92 square inches. What is the perimeter, in inches, of the larger square?
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What sea in the North Atlantic Ocean, named for a genus of brown seaweed, is characterized by notably warm, clear, and nutrient-poor surface waters?
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Which of the following characteristics would make a species a poor index fossil? W) Globally-distributed X) Highly-conserved physical characteristics Y) Short-lived in terms of geologic time Z) Ability to form mineral hard parts
W: W) Globally-distributed
X: X) Highly-conserved physical characteristics
Y: Y) Short-lived in terms of geologic time
Z: Z) Ability to form mineral hard parts
Answer: X) X) Highly-conserved physical characteristics
A mixture of steam and liquid water is being heated at an increasing rate. Which of the following best describes the temperature of the mixture? W) Increases at a constant rate X) Increases at an increasing rate Y) Increases at a decreasing rate Z) Remains constant
W: W) Increases at a constant rate
X: X) Increases at an increasing rate
Y: Y) Increases at a decreasing rate
Z: Z) Remains constant
Answer: Z) Z) Remains constant
How many times as fast would a rocket need to travel to escape Earth’s gravitational field if Earth’s average density were multiplied by a factor of 100?
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In general, nickel-cadmium batteries have fallen out of use and been replaced with another type of nickel-containing battery. What general type of nickel-containing battery replaced nickel-cadmium batteries?
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Scientists working at Fermilab on the ArgoNeuT neutrino detector observe neutrinos up to the energy scale of 10 GeV. In joules, what is the energy, to two significant figures and in scientific notation, of a 10 GeV neutrino?
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One mole of water is electrolyzed. To the nearest whole gram, how much oxygen is produced by this reaction?
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Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding the kinetic molecular theory of gases: 1) Particle volume is negligible compared to the volume occupied by the gas; 2) Gas particles interact only weakly; 3) Gas particles collide elastically.
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Which of the following brain regions is primarily responsible for coordinating basic reflexes like swallowing and vomiting? W) Cerebellum X) Amygdala Y) Medulla oblongata Z) Thalamus
W: W) Cerebellum
X: X) Amygdala
Y: Y) Medulla oblongata
Z: Z) Thalamus
Answer: Y) Y) Medulla oblongata
Bacterial cells are able to transfer DNA between themselves by temporarily joining together. What is the term for this process?
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The carbon dioxide dissolved in a sealed can of soda is at equilibrium with its partial pressure in the air above the liquid. By what factor would the solubility of carbon dioxide in the soda be multiplied if the pressure of the air above the liquid were doubled by pumping in nitrogen gas?
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Assuming that bond lengths are the sum of the bonding atomic radii of their component atoms, rank the following three bonds by increasing bond length: 1) Carbon-sulfur; 2) Carbon-hydrogen; 3) Sulfur-hydrogen
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Evaluate the following expression: log base 4 of 64 + log base 5 of 125.
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The three-dimensional graph z = 2 – x contains points in how many different octants?
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If a newly-discovered elliptical galaxy appears to be spherical, what Hubble classification will be given to it?
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The Titius-Bode Law, originally proposed to predict the geometric spacing of planets orbiting the Sun, fails to closely predict the orbit of what planet in our solar system?
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Flatworms, such as tapeworms, belong to what phylum?
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Identify all of the following three diseases that are genetically recessive: 1) Cystic fibrosis; 2) Huntington’s chorea; 3) Albinism.
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According to the Standard Model, what elementary boson acts as the exchange particle for the strong nuclear force?
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Identify all of the following three particles that are considered fermions: 1) Photon; 2) Electron; 3) Up quark.
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